Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy

自十九世纪末起便背负财政负担,包括为支持帝汶而支付巨额年度补贴,澳门历任总督不得不寻求创造性的解决方案来满足政府收入需求。最受青睐的方案是将垄断制度包给本地财团,包括竞投鸦片专营权。这一制度也令“承充商”致富——他们是二十世纪初澳门最早的买办资本家——其中不少人将商业帝国拓展至银行业及其他服务领域。尽管最具持久性、也为澳门赢得区域及国际声誉的垄断行业是博彩业,但在战前时期成为政府库房主要支柱的“专营”却与鸦片相关。即使1927年总督巴博萨(Tamagnini Barbosa)按照国际联盟的压力,将鸦片专营权收归政府,也未能终结这一制度(鸦片收入直至1946年终止前,仍占政府收入的10%)。由于...

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Published in:Review of Culture
Main Author: Geoffrey C. Gunn
Format: Articles
Published: Instituto Cultural de Macau 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/pdfViewerParts/40066/4052
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Geoffrey C. Gunn
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container_title Review of Culture
container_title_str Review of Culture
container_volume 66
container_volume_str 66
description 自十九世纪末起便背负财政负担,包括为支持帝汶而支付巨额年度补贴,澳门历任总督不得不寻求创造性的解决方案来满足政府收入需求。最受青睐的方案是将垄断制度包给本地财团,包括竞投鸦片专营权。这一制度也令“承充商”致富——他们是二十世纪初澳门最早的买办资本家——其中不少人将商业帝国拓展至银行业及其他服务领域。尽管最具持久性、也为澳门赢得区域及国际声誉的垄断行业是博彩业,但在战前时期成为政府库房主要支柱的“专营”却与鸦片相关。即使1927年总督巴博萨(Tamagnini Barbosa)按照国际联盟的压力,将鸦片专营权收归政府,也未能终结这一制度(鸦片收入直至1946年终止前,仍占政府收入的10%)。由于现有文献对博彩业的关注使其略显边缘化,本文旨在梳理这一今日被视为高度不道德且极具争议的行业的理据与辩护逻辑——尽管它在支撑本地经济方面曾获利丰厚。
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spelling Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
自十九世纪末起便背负财政负担,包括为支持帝汶而支付巨额年度补贴,澳门历任总督不得不寻求创造性的解决方案来满足政府收入需求。最受青睐的方案是将垄断制度包给本地财团,包括竞投鸦片专营权。这一制度也令“承充商”致富——他们是二十世纪初澳门最早的买办资本家——其中不少人将商业帝国拓展至银行业及其他服务领域。尽管最具持久性、也为澳门赢得区域及国际声誉的垄断行业是博彩业,但在战前时期成为政府库房主要支柱的“专营”却与鸦片相关。即使1927年总督巴博萨(Tamagnini Barbosa)按照国际联盟的压力,将鸦片专营权收归政府,也未能终结这一制度(鸦片收入直至1946年终止前,仍占政府收入的10%)。由于现有文献对博彩业的关注使其略显边缘化,本文旨在梳理这一今日被视为高度不道德且极具争议的行业的理据与辩护逻辑——尽管它在支撑本地经济方面曾获利丰厚。
Instituto Cultural de Macau
Macau
Review of Culture
Articles
2021
Monopolies
Opium
Opium Farm abuses
Portuguese Macao Government
Reforms.
Rentier economy
Geoffrey C. Gunn
spellingShingle Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
Geoffrey C. Gunn
Monopolies
Opium
Opium Farm abuses
Portuguese Macao Government
Reforms.
Rentier economy
title Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_autocomplete Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_full Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_fullStr Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_full_unstemmed Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_short Opium in the Making of Macao’s Early Twentieth-Century Rentier Economy
title_sort opium in the making of macao’s early twentieth-century rentier economy
topic Monopolies
Opium
Opium Farm abuses
Portuguese Macao Government
Reforms.
Rentier economy
topic_autocomplete Monopolies
Opium
Opium Farm abuses
Portuguese Macao Government
Reforms.
Rentier economy
topic_facet Monopolies
Opium
Opium Farm abuses
Portuguese Macao Government
Reforms.
Rentier economy
url https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/pdfViewerParts/40066/4052
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