Consular Letter to the Ministry of State and External Affairs about coin minting

This 1897 diplomatic despatch, issued by the General Consulate of Portugal in Shanghai (No. 38B, 5 November 1897), transmits confidential correspondence between Consul General Joaquim Maria Trindade Valdez and the Portuguese Minister in China concerning a protest by the Diplomatic Corps in Peking ag...

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Bibliographic Details
Format: Documents
Language:Portuguese
Published: Novembro 1897
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Online Access:https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/BTYB6DMU/viewer_BTYB6DMU.html
Description
Summary:This 1897 diplomatic despatch, issued by the General Consulate of Portugal in Shanghai (No. 38B, 5 November 1897), transmits confidential correspondence between Consul General Joaquim Maria Trindade Valdez and the Portuguese Minister in China concerning a protest by the Diplomatic Corps in Peking against Tung-ly-ga-mou’s prohibition on the establishment of *bukchins*—indigenous Chinese money shops—for the circulation of silver currency. The restriction is attributed to a misapplication of treaty provisions. The document includes an annexed report dated 26 October 1897, authored by Valdez in his capacity as Dean of the Consular Corps, which contextualises the issue within broader challenges to monetary reform in late Qing China. It details efforts by Viceroy Zhang Zhidong to standardise a national silver dollar, undermined by provincial emulation and lack of centralised regulation, resulting in multiple non-uniform coinages and persistent reliance on Mexican dollars. The report further references the Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), which permitted free importation of foreign coinage, complicating Beijing’s attempts to control minting machinery imports. The annotation in red ink summarises the diplomatic protest, while marginalia in blue and black ink, archival numbers, and official stamps reflect administrative handling. This primary source offers critical insights into Sino-foreign treaty port diplomacy, late-Qing monetary policy, and transnational financial governance at the close of the 19th century.