Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares

This is a contemporary 1642–1644 printed historical document—a formal, first-hand account of the civic and religious acclamation of King João IV of Portugal in Macau (referred to throughout as *Nome de Deus*, ‘Name of God’, in China), authored by Dom João Marquês Moreira, Apostolic Prothonotary of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Moreira, João Marques, Rosa, Domingos Lopes
Format:	Books
Language:	Portuguese
Published:	na oficina de Domingos Lopes Roza 1644
Subjects:	Catholic Liturgical Acclamation ; Contemporary First-Hand Account ; João IV Bragança Monarchy ; Lisbon Printing 1644 ; Macau Acclamation Ceremony ; Municipal Government Submission ; Nome de Deus Macau ; Portuguese Colonial Administration in India ; Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal ; Books
Online Access:	https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/G2KSIZXP/viewer_G2KSIZXP.html

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author	Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes
author_autocomplete	Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes
author_browse	Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes
author_facet	Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes
author_sort	Moreira, João Marques
building	Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
description	This is a contemporary 1642–1644 printed historical document—a formal, first-hand account of the civic and religious acclamation of King João IV of Portugal in Macau (referred to throughout as Nome de Deus, ‘Name of God’, in China), authored by Dom João Marquês Moreira, Apostolic Prothonotary of the Holy See and Chaplain to the King in Macau. Dated 20 August 1642 and printed in Lisbon in 1644, the text records the municipal government’s immediate, unanimous, and ceremonially elaborate submission to the newly proclaimed Bragança monarch following receipt of the royal letter transmitted via the Viceroy of India, Dom João da Silva Tello, Count of Aveiras, and delivered by António Fialho Ferreira. It details the political context—including Macau’s strategic isolation amid Spanish garrisons in the Philippines, Formosa, and the Moluccas; the recent collapse of the Japan trade; and widespread commercial anxiety—against which the acclamation served as both an act of loyal vassalage and a catalyst for civic renewal. The abstract documents the full sequence of festivities from late May to late July 1642: public oaths of fealty sworn by the Captain-General, municipal councillors (including Lionel de Soysa de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, and Dom João Pereira), ecclesiastical authorities, and military officers; solemn processions featuring allegorical chariots, the Royal Standard, and the Most Holy Sacrament; theatrical performances by Jesuit students; bullfights, horse races, masked pageants (panonadas), and military parades by local militia including foldados, feis, and mixed-heritage contingents; illuminations, bell-ringing, artillery salutes, and multilingual, multi-ethnic participation across Christian, Hindu, and Chinese communities. Key figures include Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira, Bishop’s Governor, Sergeant-Major João Aranha de Pedroza, nobleman Francisco Carvalho Aranha, and the Viceroy of India. The document serves as a primary source for Portuguese imperial loyalty, colonial governance, ceremonial culture, and cross-cultural interaction in early modern maritime Asia.
first_indexed	2026-05-04T09:52:43Z
format	Books
fulltext	[transcription] {{PAGE:1}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] RELACÃO DA MAGESTOSA, MISTERIOSA, E NOTÁVEL ACCLAMAC,AM, QUE SE FEZ A Magestade d’El Rey Dom IOAM O IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do Nome de Deos da China, & festas, que se fizerão pelos Senhores do Go- uerno público, & outras pessoas particulares. PELLO D. IOAM MARQUES MOREIRA PRO- THONOTARIO APOSTOLICO DA S. S. DE. & CAPELLÃO DE Sua Magestade na ditta cidade o anno pas- sado de 1642. AOS SENHORES DO GOVERNO DA CI- dade do Nome de Deos da China. I. A quizera, mas não pôde, com tanta presteza dar comprimento ao que por todas as vias era devedor a vossas mercês, sobejando muitos pera sair a luz com a empreza, do que vossas mercês obra- rão na obediência, que como leaes vassalos renderão a El Rey nosso Senhor Dom IOAM O IV., suposto que me rogaram lhes desse por escripto as demonstraçoens publicas, & acçoens grandiosas com q. nesta cidade festijrarão seu reynado, & coroaçam; serviço era pera não negar a vossas mercês o trazer-lhe á memoria lembranças tão devidas por hum Rey vivo, e não defunto que tem olhos pera ver, ouvidos pera ouvir, & mãos liberalissimas pera apremiar vassalos dos quilates de vossas mercês por sua muyta calidade, e nobreza co. illustres cargos, e auentejados titulos em rezão do muyto em que f. A esm [Anotações marginais] [No topo, à esquerda] g 11 cal. 33. {{PAGE:2}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] esmerarão havendo sido o protótipo, e exemplar nas acções dos que depois se seguirão, e em particular por romperem por difficuldades, que se lhes opunham atalhando detenções, que o interesse não desculpa em semelhantes coisas, por discreparem hũ ponto, nem faltar hũ til da ordem de q por carta tiverão do Rey nosso Senhor na aceitação do seu Rey nado, estando apostados a depor a brandura, e lançar mão da vara, com que metessem a caminho, os que della (comettendo rebellião tão grande) se quizessem apartar, como verdadeiros, e leais vassa- los a seu Rey. Neste diário, e relação, que offereço acharão vossas merces acções alheas, e de particulares por não faltar ao assumpto, que tomei, e as obrigações precisas de empenho por palavra, mas se bem notarem verão claramente, que todas redundam em particular honra, e glória de vossas merces, por haverem sido o primeiro móvel, que levou consigo os mais orbes inferiores ao lugar, que representam. Das faltas, que acharem peço perdão, dando muytas vantagens aos mais aqueus a curiosidade quiser lançar mão da pena, pera cortarem com toda a galhardia matéria tão levantada, e maiores abonos de vossas merces, aquem Deos guarde muytos annos, &c. Macau em 20. de Agosto de 1642. [Anotações marginais] (No centro inferior, à esquerda, impresso:) De vossas merces [Assinaturas] OP. IOAM Marques. [Referências arquivísticas] (Ilegível, impresso em fundo, abaixo da data: "20. {{PAGE:3}} [Page 207] [Texto Principal] Ouviu o fabio Epiteto aos que cercados de angústias de sua má fortuna se vião à porta da desesperação, cuidando terem os Céos em campo contra si, & estarem apostados a lhes darem ruína, donde nunca mais levantem cabeça, & saiam do a- bismo de seus males: animaiuos [diz elle] vós que vos ve- des infelizes, porque infelicidades não costumão ser de dano, mas de proveito aos homens, que com qualquer viração mais es- pera da fortuna, dão o pano todo, & desaparecem. Tal estava esta cidade do Nome de Deus da China, cercada de angústias com inquietações ávidas poucos mezes antes, perdas, e quebras do comércio de Japão, e a juízo de muitos postos os Céos em campo contra seus moradores com sobrefaltos, & arreceios de sua total ruína; quando mais desconfiada se achava, não faltou o Sabio dos Sábios, Deus, a consolar, & animar com a nova da feliz sucessão del-Rey nosso Senhor Dom IO- AM IV, do nome na coroa de Portugal, convertendo sua pouca dita, & partes monstruosas em aplauso geral de teatros, festas, repiques, & outras mostras de summo contentamento, e gosto, desaparecendo tudo, & tornan- do ao estado, como se fora com os muitos milhões, que pela barra lhe entravão todos os annos, quando mais se considerava no auge, e ponto de suas opulências com inchentes de riquezas correndo por canos de ouro, & ri- os de prata; sendo maior o espectáculo em conjunção, e tem- po em que se achou mais diminuída com dois navios nas Philippines carregados com esse pouco que lhe res- tou da quebra do comércio de Japão, importância de hũ milhão, que a todo o homem discursivo, que tem os olhos no interesse, e a honra nas costas, podia fazer reparar; po- rém assim se arremessarão estes leais vassalos a aceitar com gosto a nova que lhes chegou, como se fossem minas, & the- souros. {{PAGE:4}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] foram entrados nella, & o que he mais de estimar foy que gar fomente hũa cópia da carta tirada do original, que sua Magestade enviava a esta Cidade, por via do seu Vi- sorrey, & Capitão geral do Estado da India, Ioão da Silva Tello, Conde de Aveiras, o qual de Goa despachio com el- la a Diogo Mendes de Brito, & com embaixada ao Go- vernador de Jacatarrá para tratar de pazes, & suspensão de armas com ordem para depois de findas trazer a cópia da de sua Magestade a esta cidade, & como as dúvidas no capitulado, entre o Governador, & Embaixador lhe im- pediram a passagem, foi necessário avisar ao Visorrey do Estado, e esperar naquella corte resolução, e entregar a Antonio Fialho Ferreira fidalgo, e cavaleiro do hábito, q ali tinha chegado do Reyno, a carta do Visorrey do Es- tado com a cópia da de sua Magestade, onde dizia a esta ci- dade que logo sem dilação se sujeitasse, e reconhecesse por seu Rey, e senhor natural, como o tinham feito às ma- is cidades, e terras de sua Coroa com encarecimento de merces, e honras, em que empenhava sua Real palavra, no que não duvidarão os do Governo desta nobilíssima cidade, com a chegada de Antonio Fialho Ferreira, antes mostraram avantejados serviços as mais cidades, e terras da coroa de Portugal pela vizinhança que tem com as Philippinas, Maluco, Ilha Formosa, onde o Castelhano tem se- us presídios, e forças em pouca distancia, ficando esta de Macau em tanta distância da Corte de Goa, que não tem de quem se empares, senão do que cercam seus muros, e defendem seus baluartes à vista de nações bárbaras, que lhe dese- jam levar até o sangue. Esta ajuntou Deos nosso Senhor em mão do Sereníssimo Rey de Portugal Dom IOAM IV. {{PAGE:5}} [Page 208] [Texto Principal] dores, e de feu fangue, que nos annos atras derramou o tirano de Japão a quatro Embaixadores dos principaes da nobreza desta cidade, aquem a fama já divulgou não só no Oriente, mas tambem em toda a Europa. Chegou a nova da acclamação do Sereníssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IIII. no Reyno de Portugal a esta cidade em trinta de Mayo do anno de 1642, com prefgios da noite antecedente, que mostrarão inchentes de bens & prosperidades sem conto, porque anticipando-se o Céo a festa com salvas de artelharia, sem despedir raios, nem lançar pedras, que atemorizão animos fracos, acabarão com grande copia de água, & tornou o dia sereno, e bonanço foi, de modo que deu lugar a desembarcar Antonio Fialho Ferreira, de hũa naô Olandeza, que surgiu poucas legoas deste porto, o qual desembarcado foy logo ao forte de S. {{PAGE:6}} muytas peſſoas nobres, e de qualidade, que auiaõ gouer- nado eſta cidade, que todos vierão a ella, e juntos em con- clauе eſtiuерão até alta noite. Entre tanto diſcorria o pouo variamente ſem ſaber o que era, ainda que o rumor daua a entender a ver noui- dade no Reyno, como ja ſe tinha eſcrito dos Reynos de Sião, & Cambaia por dito dos Olandeſes, que referirão a alguns noſſos, que ahi inuernarão, tinhamos Rey em Portugal, nomeando ao Duque de Bragança, mas porque as nouas erão vindas por eſta via ſempre ficou lugar de ſe duuidar de hũa couſa não eſperada, venceo porem o impoſſiuel da credulidade, a certeza da fé humana, quan- do Antonio Fialho Ferreira, ſe deſcubrio em junta, e ti- rou das cartas que trazia do Viſorrei do eſtado entregues a elle por Diogo Mendes de Britto, Embaixador em Bata- uia, com outras muytas cartas de particulares, que trazia do Reyno, leõe a copia da de ſua Mageſtade pera eſta ci- dade com a fé do Secretario do eſtado da India, & foy tal o aluoroço com a publicidade da noua, que a muytos fez romper o decoro, que a grauidade poem naquelles aquem annos, e prudencia faz reſpeitar. Aceitarão os ſe- nhores do Governo Capitão geral, e mais junta a noua, como vinda do Ceo, e ſe ſogeitarão a obediencia del Rey noſſo Senhor: ſem ſerem neceſsarias mais juntas, nem con- ſelhos comprindo á riſca, ſem diſcrepar hum ponto do- doque ſua Mageſtade lhes ordenaua por ſua carta de Mar- ço de 1641. {{PAGE:7}} [Page 209] [Texto Principal] Câmara, capitão geral, & mais pessoas, se recolherão já alta na noite para suas casas. Amanheceu o dia seguinte; tornarão a ajuntar-se na casa da Câmara os do magistrado, & logo tratarão de que os principais se assinassem em hum termo, que para este efeito se offereceu de obediência a El-Rei nosso Senhor, como em efeito se assinarão todos os que foram chamados, & consultando nas demonstrações públicas dividas a semelhante acção, assentarão le jurarão a El-Rei nosso Senhor. Houve muytos lumes, & fogos por toda a Cidade, começando do dia do Espírito Sancto até o domingo da Trindade, dia determinado para o juramento d’El-Rei, e Príncipe herdeiro Dom Theodósio, depois do qual ordenarão se fizesse hua procissão solene em acção de graças a Deos nosso Senhor, na qual se achasse alli Ecclesiásticos, Regulares, como seculares, e se defençerasse o Senhor no mesmo dia, pera o que se armasse a Sé com toda a pompa, e magestade; determinados dias em quarteis públicos pelo lugares, e ruas de maior concurso para touros, carreiras, máscaras, e disfarces; com que manifestasse o contentamento, e gosto da aceitação, que fizerão, e vassalagem que renderão ao Sereníssimo Rey DOM IOAM O IV. sendo mandado pelo capitão geral, e governo da cidade de Ioão Aranha de Pedroza, Sargento-Mor que foi della praça, capitão actual de infantaria, pera que com 50 soldados do presídio fosse fixar os dittos quarteis referidos pelos lugares apontados. Na entrada do mez de Junho, mandarão os do governo da cidade aleuantar o estandarte Real com as Quinas do Reyno em várias partes, e lugares públicos; esteue a casa da Câmara com janelas abertas, hum gião com as armas Reays, pera fóra dellas lançado com hum terno de charamelas; estaua de auifo o capitão geral D. {{PAGE:8}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] da Silueira, o qual mandou ajuntar o prefilio todo no forte de S. Paulo, e descubrir a artilharia de todos os postos, e baluartes desta praça, que he a melhor, e mais bem fundada de toda quanta Sua Magestade tem em seus estados, muita em quantidade fundida por Manoel Tavares Bocarro, aqui casado, e morador muito perito, & perfeito na arte; fez-se final a força de S. Paulo com caixas, pifáros, capitãens, soldados, e artilheiros repartidos por seus postos, e todos a ponto, disparou a artilharia, e moquetaria com tal ordem, que parecia hum esquadraõ bem formado em guerra capaz, sendo muitas as salvas, e vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor, & respondeu a cada salva por toda a cidade os sinos das Igrejas, e torres com repiques, e harmonia de charamelas, que se tocavam na casa da Câmara, de modo que pulavão os coraçoens de prazer, e alegria não cabendo em si de puro contentamento, e gosto por hum Rey melhor, que Trajano, e mais feliz, que Augusto, desejado, & amado de todos em partes tão remotas, e distantes; até aqui este dia. Entrando o dia de Espírito Santo acenderam-se muitos fogos, e luminarias não só pela muralha do forte de S. Paulo sobre os lanços delle, por mandado do capitão geral, casa do governo da cidade, mas também pelas janelas das ruas, torres, e altos dos conventos dos Religiosos, e esmerandose muitos, e curiosos em epígrafes, emblemas, e geroglíficos, que a luz clara das luminarias fazia avultar, e aparecer a todos, os que com curiosidade correrão nas noites do octavário às praças, e ruas desta cidade, e em particular no frontespício da Igreja do Colégio da Companhia de Jesus pelos frisos della, e capitéis das columnas traçado por architectura com grande primor, e arte de obra mixta, Dórica, Coríntia, e Romana. {{PAGE:9}} [Page 210] [Texto Principal] Senhor, que ficava em pé na principal janela do coro fo- bre leis de graos com doze línguas nas extremidades del- les lançando pela boca língua de fogo, espada na mão direita com o estandarte na esquerda, e as armas do Rey- no pelos dous lados esquerdo e direito appareciaõ as leis provincias de Portugal com as cidades de cada Pro- vincia com seus letreiros, que as declaravão, cuja vifta e coruscidade fez sahir de casa a muytas pessoas pelas noi- tes cujo estado he a almofada, e estado, agou em parte esta vifta a muyta copia de agoa com que o Ceo acco- rdio estes dias acompanhada de alguns pés de vento, que rompeo e desbaratou os fogos e lumes, que pareciaõ con- petir com as estrellas do firmamento, mas não os brios e animo de quem com desejo infaceavel tornava de novo a refazer o que a inclemencia do tempo desfazia. Nestes dias, que correraõ do Espírito S. até à Trinida- de, mandaraõ os do governo da cidade fabricar hũ thea- tro largo e espaçozo, que pela parte superior ficava cu- berto de velas brancas brincado em roda, pelos lados de peçaria de fina seda, entretecidas com lacaria de en- carnado e branco com outras muytas de ouro e azul, que o tornavaõ hũa floresta e jardim matizado de varias cores, ficava esta obra encostada às paredes do patio da casa da camara, que olhaõ por toda a rua direita até S. Domin- gos espaço grande e largo pelos dous lados, direito e es- querdo janellas, que a descobrem no meyo do theatre, e costas fe poz hum docel rico onde se viaõ as armas reaes e como no Domingo da Trindade não deffe lugar o tempo ao juramento del Rey nosso Senhor dilatou-se até 20. {{PAGE:10}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] panos, e toalhas, e nelles caftiçoes de prata com suas vel- las de cera branca, os quaes ficauão debaixo do docel em hum delles collocados o ceptro, e coroa, no outro huma Cruz grande de prata com hũ Christo do mefmo metal, tudo obra de Alemanha de lauor de rede meuda aberto ao boril com feu missal aberto, Na tarde defte dia, ou pera melhor dizer no pino do Sol do meyo dia pouco antes das doze delle defceu o Ca- pitão Geral do Monte entre duas numerofas fileiras de foldados de moquetaria, e arcabuzaria, Capitaens, e of- ficiaes, entrou no theatro nefta forma, chegarão logo os do governo da cidade, o governador do Bispado, e Eccle- fiasticos, regulares, e feculares com muyros outros no- bres, fidalgos, e caualleiros das ordens militares morado- res nefta cidade, affentouffe o Capitão Geral na primeira cadeira á parte efquerda do docel e altar, feguioffe logo o Governador do Bispado, os Vereadores, Lionel de Soyza de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, e Dom Ioão Pereira, logo os Juizes ordinarios, Christouão Soares Coelho, Manoel Bernardes, procurador, Marcos Rabello de Almeida, e effcriuão da Camara Iacome de Moraes Pereira, fez final hum terno de charamellas, o effcriuão da Camara pofto em pè foy andando pera a parte direi- ta do altar, onde ficaua o missal aberto, e logo o Capitão Geral alauantado fe foy pera o mefmo lugar, ajoelhados em terra diante do Crucifixo, o effcriuão da Camara tirou de hum papel no qual eftaua effcrira a forma do juramē- to, e em alta voz, e intelligiuel dos circumftantes a hya lendo ao Capitão Geral, que ten lo a mão direita fobre o missal aberto a repedia pella m:ma forma, acabado de jurar fe tornou o Capitão Geral ao feu affento, feguioffe o Governador do Bispado que em nome de toda a no- breza do clero jurou a el Rey noffo Senhor pella mefma forma [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] `x. {{PAGE:11}} [Page 211] [Texto Principal] form, que o Capitão Geral, logo depois o Governador João Bispado jurou Lionel de Soyza de Lima Vereador, e ouvidor actual, logo se seguirão Pero Cordeiro de Mel- o, Dom João Pereira, Vereadores, depois os Juízes ordi- nários, & mais officiaes: procurador, e escrevão da Cama- ra; jurarão alem dos referidos os superiores das religiões com mais algumas pessoas principaes da nobreza, huns, e outros vestidos ricamente de peçaria, e ouro com muy- ta joia, nos quaes se via hũa cidade de Reys, tão lustro- sos se mostrarão nesta acção de honrras por el Rey nos- so Senhor seus vassallos, e nobre governo desta cidade. Acabado o juramento de fidelidade, e obediencia a el Rey nosso Senhor (ahy) no theatro hũa folia dos estu- dantes das escolas da Companhia de Jesus, que seus me- stres ensaiarão, & apparelharão para este dia, os quaes com galhardia, e bizarria entrarão no theatro, e nelle dã- çaram, e foliarão com tanta graça, & arte, q podião com- petir com os bem destros do Reyno, foy a letra. Se Portugal com Castella, Nunca ja foy bem cazado, Com João vina apartado, Vina vina a pezar della. E todos os mais pés rematauão com este final; logo q acabaraõ, disparou a artilharia, & mosquetaria da foida- delca posta por ordem na rua direita, depois do que fa- zio o procurador da Cidade Marcos Rabello de Almei- da, que em vozes altas disse: Ouui, ouui, estai atento, & lo- go o Escrevão da Camara Jacome de Moraes Pereira ac- clamou pella mesma forma em voz levantada: Viva, Viva, por el Rey DOM JOÃO O IV. de Portugal, com outras palavras conforme ao foral da Cidade. {{PAGE:12}} [Page 52] [Texto Principal] na mão o estendarte Real, com que posto no primeiro degrao do theatro aclamou em voz alta, viva el Rey D. João o IV. viva, repetindo o povo as mesmas palavras pela mesma forma, que um, e outro continuou até a Ca- thedral acompanhado do governo secular, e Ecclesiás- tico, aonde o clero com o Governador do Bispado entoa- rão em voz alta o Te Deum laudamus, em acção de graças; depois do que saíram da Cathedral, & correrão o Capitão Geral, e governo da cidade as principaes ruas della com as mesmas repetiçoens de vivas, e tão pera ver as janellas da rua direita ornadas, e cheas de muitas senhoras, e muito nobres de todos os estados em dotas, e partes natu- raes, igualmente parecidas às de Europa, as quaes por si faziam húa Corte concorrendo nas demonstraçoens de festa com igual vontade, e affecto às honras de sua Ma- jestade, como se fossem nascidas na gema, e melhor do Reyno, alcançando bem o muito que lhes importava sua conservaçaõ nesta distancia de terras, e longe do mundo o Reynado de el Rey nosso Senhor que Deos prospere felizes annos. Sabbado 21. de Iunho fe desenrolou o Senhor na Sé pella menha, cantou a Missa o Governador do Bispado, & pregou o Padre Fr. Pedro de S. {{PAGE:13}} [Page 212] [Texto Principal] faixas de ouro lançadas de alto abaixo pelos lados, o tecto & columnas da Igreja tudo brincado de peças várias de encarnado & branco, enlaçadas com voltas & rosetas por tal ordem, que competia com um jardim de flores & boninas pela diversidade que representava a armação, na qual fez efemarão os do governo concorrendo com todo o gasto della, & de mais dias, música, féria & para todas as mais acções de ostentação concernentes a festas reais por todo o tempo que durarão. {{PAGE:14}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] das duas Magestades divina, & humana. Ordenada a pro- cissão, o Governador do Bispado com a custódia do SANCTIS- SIMO SACRAMENTO nas mãos debaixo de hum rico pallio, o Capitão geral, & governo da cidade, com suas va- ras detrás dele, Ecclesiásticos, Regulares, & seculares com capas, & sobrepelizes, sahio da Cathredal correndo pelas ruas principaes, nomeio dos Ecclesiásticos danças com instrumentos musicos, hũ carro triumphal varia mente or- nado de finas sedas, & nelle huã figura viva, que represen- tava a pessoa del Rey nosso Senhor, com ceptro na mão, & coroa na cabeça acompanhada de quatro figuras, repre- sentativas de quatro virtudes, Justiça, Misericórdia, Pie- dade, & temor de Deos, diante della em quatro cavallos quatro figuras vivas, que manifestavam ser as quatro par- tes do mundo, diante das quaes hia a Fama a cavallo com o estendarte das armas Reaes, que depois da volta, que fes a procissão pella forma referida à porta da Sé [desceo do cavallo, & subio ao carro triumphal, que parado à por- ta principal ficou à vista do SANCTISSIMO SACRAMEN- TO, & em sua presença fes hũa falla a el Rey, pedindolhe guardasse Justiça, Misericórdia, Piedade, & temor de Deos da parte das mesmas virtudes, ao que respondeo faria o que lhe dissessem, no que mostraram os Religiosos de S. Do- mingos, que sahirão com este carro triumphal, & os de S. Agostinho, com suas danças, não pouco affecto ao Sere- níssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IV. Alem de que no octauario em que continuaram com luminarias em seus Conuen- tos, & torres se deixavam ouvir muitas, & boas vozes de cantores, que com instrumentos musicos suspendiam co- raçoens. Com esta procissão se poz termo neste dia. No seguinte que foraõ 22. {{PAGE:15}} [Page 213] [Texto Principal] Forte de S. Paulo, com toda a ordem militar, ficando na retaguarda posto a cavallo em corpo entre dous foldados e seu serviço, que o acompanhavão a cavallo, hum com bastão, outro com o escudo das armas dos Lobos & Sil- veiras; a foldadefca muy lustrofa, correo as ruas, praças publicas, terreiros dos conventos, & subio pellas escadas de S. Paulo, Collegio da Companhia de Jesus, na mefma for- ma por serem as mais bem lançadas facens de subir. Des- arregou o tempo nesta tarde ao entrar pella Igreja do Collegio da Companhia, que obrigou aos foldados a se re- colherem nella, atirando, & frafqueado sem cessar, [a qual e toda pello tecto, choro, columnas, & areo da capella nõr dourada, & obrada de meyo releuo com pinturas pel- las paredes, & imagens em proporçaõ terminadas com columnas, prejis, ramos de tintas de encarnado, ouro, & azul em tal perfeiçaõ, que vece na fermofura às boas de Europa. Não foi baftante a muyta copia de agoa para ti- rar ao Capitão geral as coftumadas acclamaçoens de vi- tas a el Rey nosso Senhor, sendo o primeiro que as apre- goava em voz muy levantada com repetiçoens dos que levava consigo no presidio, como nem taõ pouco a Com- panhia em as festejar, com muitos repiques de sinos, que se deixavaõ ouvir por toda a cidade, e em outras muytas occafoens com grandes vêutagens, como taõ obrigada aos Reys de Portugal, & Casa de Bragança, aquem fem- pre trouxeraõ no coração, & na alma entranhados. Tor- nou o Capitão geral a voltar pellas ruas, chegou a S. Do- mingos onde lhe repicaraõ os sinos, depois do q fe reti- rou pera o monte dando hum claro testemunho de ſua fi- delidade, & obediencia em tudo o que o repo deu lugar de significação de gofto pella nova do Seteniffimo Rey Dom Ioam o IV. de Portugal. Dia de S. {{PAGE:16}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] direita à vista de muitos palanques, janelas, que nela há via muita aparência com alcifas, & redes tecidas de agu- lha, ocupadas de muita nobreza de todos os seteirados co- m a assistência do Governo da cidade, & Capitão geral em seu palanque; carreiras de cavalo, em que entraram dos melhores gineteiros da terra, correram a manilha, em que alguns se aventejaram na facilidade, & segurança, com- que a levavam; no fim das quais se dividiram em duas fi- leiras, cada uma com seu capitão que as guiava; fizeram as voltas em caracol, acometendo cada qual a seu contrário, entrando, & saindo com toda a bizarria sem se encon- trarem, nem embaraçarem, sendo que pode acontecer a- inda aos muito destros no correr de cavalo; acção foi es- tamuito para ver pela gente de cavalo vir muito aparato- sa, & ricamente vestida; aquela levou consigo o dia da tarde toda; deixando ao povo satisfeito, & cheo de alegria com alívio do trato, que o entendimento costuma dar á- quelles, que com cuidado discursão nos meyos por onde o remedio, & conservação de suas pessoas lhes mostra difi- culdades, & impossíveis. Amanheceu o dia seguinte 25. do mês, que cahio em quarta feira, para a qual os do Governo da cidade manda- ram vir touros de hũa das aldeias, aqui vizinhas, os melho- res que se puderaõ achar; fez-se o corro na rua direita à vis- ta da casa da Câmara, por ser a principal no corpo da ci- dade capaz, & muy larga para festas; assistiram os do Ma- gistrado com o Capitão geral. {{PAGE:17}} [Page 214] [Texto Principal] nas feitas, & posto que algũs que acometerão o touro & lhe ficaram debaixo das pontas nam ouue perigo no- tavel de que se seguisse morte. Na tarde de 27. do mes de Iunho, que foy feyra, fez a gente da terra de hum dos bairros, que chamam do Campo, que são homens nascidos nella & fem mistura de sangue Portuguez, sua pauomada de mosquetaria, & arca- buzaria com seus Capitaens, Alferes, ajudante, & Sargen- to, que era gosto dever pella destreza, & exercicio, q tem de armas de fogo em tal forma, que lhe não escapa hum passarinho por pequeno que seja, que nam mate com pi- louro, onde mais se mostra a segurança com que atiram, vinham muy bem vestidos de sedas, plumas, & medalhas, & só lhes faltava nam serem as feiçoens do rofto dos de Europa, sendo affi que nos brios, valor, & esforço pera a acometer quaesquer inimigos da naçam Portugueza são intrepidos, & animosos; correram as ruas da cidade com muyta ordẽ, & concerto de milicia, gouernados por seus capitaens subordinados ao Capitam Geral, aquem tocam as couzas de guerra, com o q fe acabou efte dia. O seguinte 28. do mefmo mes fe tornaram a correr touros, que na braveza, & ferocidade aventajada aos paſ- sados, podiam competir com os bons de Europa; a affiftên- cia do Governo, & pouo foy a mefma. Sahyrão no corro por mandado do Capitam Geral, alguns soldados com suas mascaras, & forçados; alguas fortes lhe fizeram, mas como o primeiro que no corro fe lançou os puzeffe em aperto, dandofelhe pouco de tudo o que achaua diante pello perigo, que podia acontecer, foy jarretando, & ex- postos aos moffos de serviço que com pelle o foram cor- tado em postas, sendo para elles o dia de particular festa, em que por sorte lhe cabe leuar cada hũ seu pedaço pa- ra caza. {{PAGE:18}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] mirar nos nossos dias aquelles que se aventuraram em fortes, tourejando, ficando neste rememorada esta pública de- monstração. Em 29. do mês fez a gente da terra do bairro de S. Lou- renço sua panonada com a mesma galhardia, que a passa- da do bairro do Campo, & ainda, que o dia acudiu com al- gumas pancadas de água grossa, com tudo deu o tempo lu- gar, para que não ficasse frustrada sem sahir à luz, & com o gosto augurado de gente, que ainda que humilde fe- stejava de coração a nova do Reynado del Rey nosso Se- nhor animados com ella a poderem sahir das oppreſ- sões das nações de Europa, que lhes impediam o navegar despindo aos que tomavam do remédio, que com muito trabalho, & fora de seu rosto, aqueriam com o trato das terras dos Reynos vizinhos para onde se embarcavam. Até aqui as festas do mês de Junho, ficando em silêncio, músicas, instrumentos, vivas, & aclamações, que pelas noites, que o tempo deu lugar, se ouviam pelas ruas de muitas pessoas nobres, estudantes, moços, q as gastavam em semelhantes demonstrações bem dignas de todo o agradecimento em terras tão remotas, & apartadas, onde esperanças de montar não tem lugar de tomar forças em- pedir, nem confianças em lograr mercês, mas somente o interesse de festejar absente a hum Rey, que não pode ter presente. Entrado o mês de Julho, dia de Santa Izabel, sobre atarde lá pelas quatro horas, os mestres das escolas da Companhia de Jesus, ajudados muitos dos estudantes del- las, seus discípulos, estão já prevenidos com enfayos, & fizeram per si hũa companhia de capitães, & soldados, & deram hũa panonada, sahindo de fresco de hũas grandes árvores umbrias, junto à Igreja do Collegio da Companhia de Jesus ao som de hũ repique de sinos, cõ caixas, pi- faros [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] {{PAGE:19}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:20}} [Page 214] [Texto Principal] & apparatosos, estavão preparados dous nauios no patio o magistrado cubertos de lacaria de cores com rozas, os quaes se mouio sobre quatro rodas, cada hum com in- strumentos músicos, & cantores dos melhores da terra, & de vozes es, & excellentes, bufcaráce pera esta emcamizada muytas tochas, & brandões de cera branca, que lhe não faz ventagem a bem curada, & laurada do Reyno, q serião em numero quinhentas pouco mais, & acezas em maõs dos criados, sobirão a cauallo todos veftidos rica- mente, puzerão se por ordem as parelhas fora jà do patio da Camara em direitura a Sancto Agostinho, nauios co músicos, & instrumentos em seu lugar com muyta gente para tirarem por elles, na dianteira desta emcamizada hia Pero Cordeiro de Mello, Vereador mais velho, fustê- tando na mão esquerda o estandarte real; veftido á mou- rifca com seu capilar, & barrete vermelho cuberto de muytas joyas de grande preço, & valia, diamantes, robins, esmeraldas, perolas, & aljofar, cauallo accubertado falpi- cado de argentaria de prata; Dom Ioão Pereira com Li- onel de Souza de Lima, ambos fidalgos, de qualidade Ve- readores com seus capilares, veftidos á mourifca de en- carnado, & ouro, barretes com muytas perolas, & diamantes em cauallos accubertados semeados de argentaria de fi- na prata. {{PAGE:21}} [Page 216] [Texto Principal] dos com falpiques de argentaria: logo seguião Francisco Carvalho Aranha, fidalgo, & Vasco Barbosa de Mello, pessoa de muita qualidade, com suas marlotas, vestidos à mourisca com seus capilares de peças de ouro, & carmesim, os barretes guarnecidos de pedraria varia com muitas pérolas; & aljoar em cavalos acobertados guarnecidos de argentaria: hão depois desta parelha, António da Costa Benuchio, & João da Costa Beauchio; ambos irmãos, & fidalgos, vestidos de calças largas imperiais de verde, & preto alardeados de prata batida com gorras, ou chapéus de abas curtas, & enroscados à antiga, cavalos acobertados cubertos de argentaria, logo se seguião Domingos Maciel de Aguiar, auditor, que foy da armada real de alto-bordo, com Nuno Álvares Botelho, no mar da Índia, & depois ouvidor nesta cidade cavaleiro professo do hábito de Cristo, com Cristóvão de Mello, & seu filho Gaspar de Mello, fidalgos, vestidos à mourisca de carmesim, & ouro, a guarnição dos barretes etão muitos diamantes, rubis, pérolas, & aljoar em seus cavalos acobertados femeados de argentaria, entrão logo D. {{PAGE:22}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] de encarnado, & prata, com certas roupas largas brácas, de mangas até o meyo braço, com seu capilar ao uso dos nobres de Polonia, barretes guarnecidos de muita pedraria, com colares de prata em cavallos acobertados com falpiques de argentaria; no couço iam Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho, & António Fialho Ferreira, ambos cunhados, fidalgos, & cavalleiros profeffos do hábito de Christo, vestidos à mourisca com seus capilares, de peça de encar- nado, barretes guarnecidos com muita joia, diamantes, robins, pérolas, & aljofar em cavallos acobertados che- ios de argentaria de prata com espadas forradas de ou- ro, & prata, o que tudo realçava, & avultava pelos mu- tos lumes tão aparatosos, & magestosos, que se deixarão ver nesta acção estes nobres senhores do governo, com os mais cavalleiros, & pessoas de qualidade, referidas, todos vassallos de hum Rey, cuja fama nunca acabará na me- moria dos homens. Não faltou nesta impreza o Capitão Geral Dom Seba- stião Lobbo da Silveira, desceu do forte do monte, a pé, vestido à mourisca de hũa peça rica, de ouro, & azul, seu barrete vermelho na cabeça ornado variamente, levando pelas ruas diante de si, cem soldados arcabuzeiros, & quinhenta tochas acesas de cera branca, & em vozes altas acclamava com vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor Dom Ioão o IIII. Rompendo em chusma com altas vozes todo o companhamento: «Viva, viva, o Rey Dom Ioão o IIII. {{PAGE:23}} [Page 217] [Texto Principal] ia de vozes, & instrumentos se tangia, & cantava com numeroso povo, que a seguia, tornando a noite em claro dia os muitos lumes dos braseiros, & tochas, que se acenderam, quando foi pelas três antes da manhã, seguinte, se recolheram os do magistrado com muitos de sua companhia ao pátio da casa do governo da cidade, onde tinham havido pela ordem referida, & da hy para as casas, & posso affirmar sem encarecimento, que nas cortes dos Reys de Europa se não podia fazer melhor acomodação em reconhecimento de Príncipes, & Mo- narchas, como foy esta, Em festejo do mês de Julho, foy o sucesso de hũa máscara, & disfarce tal dos nobres mancebos naturaes desta cidade, que em número faziam cento & vinte, entrando ella alguns do Reyno que não fei se houue nelles a co- nfiança com que se esmerarão, se a vontade liberal com que se despenderão, mostrando em tudo o langue, & tra- je de pais, & avós Portuguezes, de quem herdaram os bios, liberalidade, amor, & affecto, com todo o encareci- mento possivel pera com el Rey nosso Senhor, porque to- mam lo sobre sy dia pera sua demonstração, fizerão com intento com tanta ordem, & concerto no lustre, & bri- lharia della, tão varia em trajes de nações, que fez pas- sar a muitos no realce da galhardia por fora a pé, & de cavalo. Saliu esta de Junho a S. {{PAGE:24}} [Page 86] [Texto Principal] dos com grande apparato de chamaos, ou cabajas, que tem algũa semelhança com as roupas largas dos da se- nhoria de Veneza, cubertos de folha de ouro & prata, q pella fineza dos vestidos superiores reluzia, & os torna- ua magestosos, barretes & carapuças semelhantes às dos letrados da China, com orelhas feitas de peças de feda, duas grandes chapas aleuantadas em alto pelo meyo, es- critas de letras finicas, diuisão da preheminençia de ca- da mandarim, abanos nas mãos, costume antigo dos Chinas, muytos vppos, que respondem a homens de gna- da, com bambus largos, que fazem os com que os mandarins mandam açoutar & castigar aos delinquentes, tangiao Chinas naturaes aqui dos Mandarins vizinhos, charame- las a seu modo, batejas com outros instrumentos, que fer- uem quando algum mandarim vay fora, de lembrar ao pouo miudo, se recolha & esconda, com grande vozeria dos que o acompanhaõ, o que tudo lhe faz conceber grande respeito & medo, para que nenhum China do pouo appareça. {{PAGE:25}} [Page 218] [Texto Principal] & lauores de ouro, tudoens na cabeça ornados, que façõ chapeos à feição dos que se fazem de folha de palma, destes desciaõ certos enfiados de flocos de papel vermelho & branco, cortado com toda a fineza, que cabiaõ até os hombros, o que tudo os tornaua muyto ayrosos & aprazíveis; frautas violas de três cordas, rabequinhas ao seu modo, que tocavam com outros instrumentos, & faziam não pouca consonância; abanos nas mãos direitas abertos, que mancavam ao dançar com muyto ar & graça; suas catanas na cinta, Bunguios, que façõ meirinhos ao seu modo, que os governavam nesta acção festiual, ficando todos os que nellas punhão os olhos cheios de espírito, em que não tem pouca parte o porteiro da Câmara João Rodrigues, Jappam de nação, a petição da cidade, que lhe rogou, quisesse ajuntar os Jappões retidos. {{PAGE:26}} [Page 815] [Texto Principal] guarnecida de muyta pedraria, & varia: diamantes, rubis, esmeraldas, pérolas, & aljofar; & parece que o cavallo fe escolheo de proposito para esta figura Del Rey nosso Senhor Dom Ioão o IIII., o qual com notauel brio fremouia, atraueffando por entre as fileiras & ruas, de modo, q se via o rofto da mefma figura por todas as partes dos lados, em que o pouo eftaua parado nas ruas, para ver affiftindo a efta mafcarа muytas peffoas, affi do gouerno publico como particulares pellas janellas, que pellos muytos lumes & brandoens de cera apparecia, & anultaua com grande magnificencia & grandeza; pondoffe Christãos & Gentios pellas ruas em montões pasmados do que nunca viram. Chegou efta mafcarа, que fe principiou em São Francisco, ao taboleiro da Igreja do Collegio da Companhia de Iefus, onde fizeram as danças, que leuauam; & entre eftas fahyo hũa folia com tambor, címbalos & pandeiros feyta por mancebos eftudantes & feculares, de vozes tam bem concertados, que podia fem inca-recimento apparecer nas cortes de Europa, fem ventage das que nellas fe podem fazer; tocando o tambor hum eftudante do patio da Companhia de Iefus, filho de hum dos Vereadores defte anno, Lionêl de Souza de Lyma, que o tocava com tanto ar & graça, que cauzaua admiraçam; o melmo fizeraõ à vifta dos Religiofos todos da terra, & em outras partes mais; no que gaftaram a noite inteira, recolhendofe pellas quatro da menhia do dia seguinte. Em 10. de Iulho houve touros na rua direita á vifta de todo efte pouo, que leuaram toda a tarde do dia com affiftencia da cidade & Capitão Geral; porem fegundo a ferocidade, que delles fe publico, auendo quem queria a cavallo fazerlhes alguas fortes, para o que a cidade os mandou vir, não agradaram ao pouo auendo fido muy froxos. {{PAGE:27}} [Page 219] [Texto Principal] frozos, por engano dos Chinos, que os tinhaõ abonado, com grande encarecimento. E logo no seguinte dia 11. do mês pediraõ os moços dos Portugueses do bairro de S. Lourenço licença pera fazerem com sua paupnada, que lhes foi concedido, pera o que se vestirão os mais delles de carmefim, valendo-se das armas, tambores, mosquetes, arcabuzes de seus senhores, que pello não descontentar & quererem tambem apparecer nestas festas del Rey nosso Senhor, foy necessario condescender com elles, con- correndo a cidade com apoluora, como o tem feito, & faz em todas as occasiões semelhantes. Correrão as ruas, chegarão à Rua Direita, puzeraõ-se nella por ordem a vista da casa da Câmara, Capitão ajudante, alferes, & far gen- to, que os governava; levauão diante hũa trombeta bastar- da, que tocava hum delles com muyta graça. Na retaguarda ficaua hum cafre dos Religiosos da Companhia, que representaua a algum dos Reys da costa de Melinde, ou Mombaça, vestido com suas forras de seda, que dos hom- bros em cruz lhe desciaõ até a cinta com suas rozas feitas da mesma matéria, & cor de encarnado; na cabeça hum fendal carmefim amarrado com muyta pena de galo, & sobiao pero cima da friza do cabello; seu arco com fre- chas, que lhe trazião dous moços, que o acompanhauão pellos lados; hum pano faraça da cinta pera baixo, até meia perna, pés descalços, & abertos em duas fileiras, com os rostos virados huns pera os outros. Ao final dos tambo- res, & pifanos, derão tres faluas, abatendo o Alferes a ba- ndeira as armas Reaes, que ficarão no portal do patio da Ca- mara, pera fora, & olhão pera a Rua Direita no fim das qua- dros, em vozes altas aclamaraõ com vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor, pera que com verdade se possa escreuer, que nes- ta cidade, não ficou estado nenhum, de pessoas, que não mostrasse particular alegria nesta merce tão afinalada. {{PAGE:28}} [Page 2] [Texto Principal] que Deus fez ao Reyno, & coroa de Portugal, com a pef- foa delRey noffo Senhor Dom Ioão o IV., a quem roga- mos feja por largos annos a extensão da vida. Em 16. do mes de Iulho, os Senhores do Governo, cõ o Capitão geral Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira, man- darão lançar hum bando, com tambores, & pifanos, acõ- panhado de alguns officiaes, & soldados do presídio, pel- lo qual ordenarão, que todos os Portuguezes com seus fi- lhos, que não tinham ainda affinado o termo da obedien- cia a elRey noffo Senhor, o fossem affinar à casa da Ca- mara. Este zelo, & cuidado ouve nestes nobilíssimos vaf- falos, pera que nenhum ficasse de fóra do termo, que por assento se tinha estendido, quando logo chegou a nova do Reynado delRey noffo Senhor; antes porque no prin- cipio hum cidadão honrado, casado, que foi & morador que he nesta cidade, galego de nação, que muitos annos avia servido pela coroa de Castella, & tinha vindo aqui de Manila em socorro, por ajudante, com Dom Fernando da Silva, sargento maior daquella praça, & Governa- dor da gente de guerra, q no anno dos Olandezes mandou a esta de Philippinas D. Alonço Fajardo, mostrou algũa difficuldade em affinar o dito termo, levado ao que pare- ce de algum escrúpulo do juramento de obediencia, que tinha dado a elRey Phelippe, estando em Manila, pera onde agora pretendia fazer mudança; os do Governo da Cidade, o prenderão, & mandarão fazer delle entrega ao Capitão geral, que o teue na força de S. Paulo, carre- gado de ferros, pera exemplo dos mais, donde foy solto depois, por acharem, que o escrúpulo apontado, foy, o q metteo nesse aperto, & não porque quizeffe negar a obe- diencia a elRey noffo Senhor, & eximir-se de vassalo seu, como quem tinha adquirido domicilio por casado, & por Vereador, que avia sido nesta cidade, mostrando a verda- [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] P. {{PAGE:29}} [Page 220] [Texto Principal] verdade do que aponto em fé achar no juramento del- Rey, & jurar de lhe obedecer. Estes forão os quilates do animo singular, estes os brios, com que esta cidade com o Capitão geral quizeraõ manifestar ao mundo, o quanto lhe desagradou ainda hũa acção fundada em se- melhante escrúpulo, o que bastou pera ter mão nos que por algum respeito podião impugnar o que a Magesta- de del Rey Dom Ioam o IV. ordenaua, & man- daua a esta cidade, fazendo a público com tantas aclamaço- ẽs, & vivas, que até as crianças de peito, que mal pronun- cião pay, & mãy, diziaõ nos colos das amas: «Viva el Rey Dom Ioam o IV.» Em 20. do mesmo mês de Iulho farião a luz os Religi- ozos de São Domingos, & Santo Agostinho, com hũa companhia de sincoenta estudantes, entre grandes, & pe- quenos de suas escolas, que por não ter cada religião des- tas número bastante pera tomar seu dia, & festejar ao el- Rey nosso Senhor, foy necessária auer esta união das du- as escolas de seus conventos. Fizerão muy bem vestidos à foldadefca, com todo o lustre, apparato, & ordem, esco- lhendo pera o governo della os melhores, & mais bem agestados mancebos, que trafião. {{PAGE:30}} [Page 655] [Texto Principal] douro meyas de cor de fina ceda, tudo acomodado aos annos, estatura & proporção de corpos muyto para notar, recolherão-se tarde & já de noite, porque como mácebos que de ordinario andam acomprida, tem poucas vezes occasião de se mostrarem com semelhante gala, dando lugar aos brios da idade, nascidos do fervor do sangue, incitados por seus mestres, que os doutrinaram nesta disciplina militar. Nem faltou nestas demonstrações publicas, qua ainda que particular, se mostrasse tão Portuguez quanto generozo de animo no celebrar com festas a noua de tanto gofto, depois que o governo publico da cidade se resolveo a reduzir à obediencia del Rey nosso Senhor Dom IOAM o IIII., como se tem visto deste diario, ou relação: foy este Francisco Carvalho Aranha, cidadão nobre & fidalgo por seus merecimentos & partes, pessoa bem conhecida, q por devoto & mordomo do São Portugues, aquem deuemos os naturaes tantas & tão manifestas obrigaçoens pello Rey, que o Ceo nos confirmou com hum tão potentozo milagre & tão notorio, à vista de sua caza quiz mostrar seu animo grandiozo em festejar seu dia com touros & premios de preço à noua da ACCLAMAC,AM & Reynado do novo Rey, pera que melhor forte fizesse, pondo em publico carteis, que assi o manifestauam, mandando aleuantar no terreiro de Santo Antonio hum estendarte real aruorado sobre o alto de hum mastro dourado & nelle hum titullo que dizia: A Dom IOAM o IIII. {{PAGE:31}} [Page 221] [Texto Principal] Por Dom Ioam o IV. Nosso miraculoso Rey, Com esta o defenderei, E por elle morrerei. Concorrendo com os mais nas luminárias, que houve por todo o octavário, que a cidade apontou, & porque a fortuna de enveja para lhe augou em parte o gosto, descarregando no dia do Santo com água a cântaros, dilatou-se para o dia de Corpus Christi, autorizando esta acção festiva o Governo da cidade & Capitão Geral, que se acharam presentes ao correr dos touros, dando por prémios peças de ouro & seda de valia aos que nas forças se aventuraram, que foram alguns soldados Portugueses do serviço do Capitão Geral, que os obrigou a saír ao corro na ocasião, além das patacas, que o dito Francisco Carvalho Aranha deu a outras pessoas de menos qualidade, que nela fizeram também suas forças, acabando-se o dia com gosto particular do povo, que a elles se achou presente. Nem tão pouco faltou o Santo Português com a satisfação de pequenos serviços aos moradores desta cidade, porque dando tudo por perdido o que está na Manila, recheio de dois navios, que por fim de Abril partirão desta cidade, aquém se fazem muitas rogativas & orações, julgando a maior parte deste povo, que o Governador das Philippinas Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Corcuera, tanto que tivesse notícia da mudança do Reino, com a pessoa do Rey nosso Senhor, mandaria fazer represália nas pessoas dos moradores & fazendas, confiscando-as para a Coroa; porém contra esta desconfiança nossa, acudiu o Santo, havendo já nova em Manila por Macaçar, Ternate & Cambaia, aonde chegou húa carta do Rey de Macaçar, escrita ao Governador de Manila, sendo desta porta— [Anotações marginais] (No canto inferior esquerdo, assinatura manuscrita parcialmente visível: [UNCLEAR: L. {{PAGE:32}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:33}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:34}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] Em oito de Agosto, pelo sucesso da paunada que o Capitão-Geral Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira fez em Junho, lhe sahyr auguado com grande copia de agoa. O tor nou ajuntar o presídio no forte de São Paulo, o qual em forma de esquadraõ sahyo marchando, descendo pelas escadas do monte, em direitura ao collegio da Companhia de Jesus, onde foy recebido com repiques de sinos; entrou pela porta principal da Igreja, & sahyo pela travessa ao terreiro de Santo António, & da hy veyo pela praia até chegar ao Convento de São Domingos, que tã bem o recebeo com seu repique de sinos; & parando a soldadesca à vista da casa da Câmara, posta por ordem por seus capitães & officiaes, deu cinco salvas abatendo a bandeira as armas reaes: a primeira fileira era de sete foldados; as mais vinham de cinco em cinco. Continha este esquadraõ muitos tambores, pifãos, & charamellas; os foldados vestidos variamente com galas de sedas excellentes, suas frotas & bandas a tiracolo, frascos & polvarinhos pendurados por cordões de seda, com plumeiros & medalhas de preço nos chapéos, chapados a modo de palanque — muitos dellas palheres forrados de carmezim, amarello & branco. Ao passar pelos conventos de Santo Agostinho, Sé, São Francisco, lhe repicaram os sinos; tornaram a voltar para o monte, onde o Capitão-Geral esteue à vista, & nelle deram fim à sua paunada, havendo tido bom sucesso, pela tarde estar de Sol & sem agoa, que tantos mezes continua; tudo em honra del Rey nosso Senhor. Calo outras muitas particularidades, que por não ser mais extenço & molesto referuo para outros o muito que me resta por dizer de semelhante materia. Em 10. de Agosto, fizerão os moços do corpo da cidade & Santo António sua paunada, que foi a última ac [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] - S.S.S. {{PAGE:35}} [Page 223] [Texto Principal] Cerimónia de feitas, que houve nesta cidade, em competência dos de S. Lourenço, que os senhores lhe concederão; & jun- taram-na na rua do hospital debaixo do forte do monte dõ de faião, sendo os officiaes da companhia dos mais exer- citados no atirar: puseram-na em ordem, sendo a primeira fileira de feis, & as mais de três, & de quatro, vinham elles muy bem vestidos de cores varias de seda, muytos com espadas, & catanas na cinta, ligas, meias, bandas, frascos, & poluarinhos, de modo, que com ferem moços se pôs em prática, que se ouvesse formar exercito em campa- nha, podiam ser de muyto effeito contra inimigos de na- ção Portugueza; levavam nesta companhia dous tambo- res com seus pifares, seu Capitão, dous alferes, hum ajudante, alguns com penachos nos chapéos, trançelins de ouro, & pedraria, cadeias de ouro, & prata, conforme as posses de seus senhores, abotoadura de prata, na reta- guarda quatro moços vestidos de veludo vermelho, & no último, & remate da companhia, hum Cãfre de Fra n- cisco Carvalho Aranha, fidalgo, & cidadão, vestido com seu pano Saraça de S. {{PAGE:36}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] falúas, & viúvas a el-Rey nosso senhor, acabou-se lhe a poluora, & não cessavão na continuação do marchar, com ser ja noite, a qual os fez recolher pera casa de seus senhores satisfeitos, & contentes do sucesso muyto para estimar em gente de semelhante qualidade; toda varia em naçoẽs deste Oriente: Cafres, Bengallas, Malauares, Bugues com outras muytas naçoẽs, que ficarão em silêncio. Estas foram as demonstraçoẽs publicas, com que os senhores do Magistrado, & mais pessoas desta Cidade fa- zerão a luz; estas as festas, & acclamaçoẽs divinas, com q nesta republica se celebrou a entrada, & posse no Rey de Portugal do invictíssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IV. A- quem a terra pera celebrar nome tão venturozo, andava em competencia, cada qual ascendendo não hũa tocha, mas muytas, não hum lume, mas muytas luminárias, & fo- gos; festejou o christão, festejou o gentio, o fidalgo, & no- bre, o escudeiro, & piam, como quem já se dá por seguro & livre do agrauos, & violencias, que na India, & seus es- tados experimentarão vassallos Portuguezes, que por lhes faltar Rey, vierão a ser captios, & prisioneiros, não só das naçoẽs de Europa, mas ainda das de todo este Oriente, perdendo as melhores, & mais rendozas praças, que nel- le possuirão aquelles primeiros, & famozos conquistadores, sendo, que nos tempos dourados, em que a India floreceo, tiravão della o melhor, & mais preciofo com ta- nhas enchentes de riquezas, que bastavão pera fazer a Por- tugal o mais rico de toda Europa; esta foi a que divertio as correntes della, pera Reynos estranhos, ficando a In- dia tão diminuida, & fraca em poder que a juizo dos me- lhores, não podia durar tres annos; a esta devemos attri- buir a falta de animo, & brio, que se vio com tantas venta- gens de proezas, & façanhas em nossos passados, de cujos ossos, & caveiras se puderaõ bem fabricar muros fortissi- mos [Anotações marginais] [No rodapé, à esquerda] -161 [No rodapé, ao centro] c. {{PAGE:37}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:38}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] de victorias, tudo esperamos do braço direito de Deus que lho deu todo, depois das chagas, pera o affegurar na posse, & conferuaçam de feu Reyno, Rey, que perfua- dindoo os feus não acabaua configo de tomar posse do Reyno, que tão de vontade se lhe offerecia, & deuia por direito, por imaginar, que o gouernar poem a espada na garganta, a lança no peito, a feta no coração, pois ainda quando honrado a todos, poem a vida em balança, que esta foi a reposta, que Apolonio deu ao Rey de Babilo- nia Cyro perguntandolhe o meyo pera Reynar seguro (Respondeo) a nenhum falteis com a honra, mas a pou- cos entregai vossa fé. Si multos honoraueris, paucis vero credi- deris. A estes leaes vassalos desta cidade de Macau, que nes- te anno tiverão o pezo do Governo desta republica fun- dada nos fins do mundo, tem sua Magestade obrigaçoens precisas de os honrar com merces auentejadas, foros, & liberdades, cargos illustres pella vontade, & animo libe- ral, com que se ouuerão na aceitaçam da noua, & obedi- encia a el Rey nosso Senhor, estando a cidade tão impor- tunidada, todos saõ pessoas de muyta calidad, huns por sua muyta fidalguia, outros por sua muyta nobreza, aven- do feruido na India, onde foraõ muytos delles Capitaes, & soldados, nas armadas do Reyno, & altobordo, & nes- ta occasião mostraraõ a fineza de seus quilates, pella dili- gencia, & breuidade com que derão comprimento ás or- dens del Rey nosso senhor, auendo perigo na dilação a respeito do rumor do povo, aquem se consultara pudera muy bem ser, & sem culpa sua, que ouuera muyta divi- saõ, auendo a pello remedio, que em Philippinas está dos moradores desta cidade, onde cada qual está com grande empenho de cabedal. Não fica em silencio o Capitão geral D. Sebastião Lobo [Anotações marginais] [No canto superior esquerdo] (Ilegível) [Carimbos] [Nenhum visível] [Assinaturas] [D. Sebastião Lobo] — assinatura parcialmente visível no final do texto principal, abaixo da linha "Não fica em silencio o Capitão geral D. {{PAGE:39}} [Page 225] [Texto Principal] do da Silveira, que além do muito, em que se mostrou vassallo verdadeiro & fiel a seu Rey, como fidalgo por sangue & partes dos Lobos & Silveiras, fez muitos gastos estando empenhado & indivíduado, porque entrando nesta Cidade no último anno da viagem de Jappão, sucedeo logo no seguinte a quebra do commercio, com que tambem ficou arruinado como os mais, vivendo de empréstimos, que lhe tem feito pessoas nobres aqui moradoras, a quem deveu dar satisfação, tomando esta nova tambem com féte ou oito mil patacas em Manila, que era o cabedal que tinha à disposição da boa ou má fortuna, segundo a vontade do Governo, que ou por força ou por vontade deveu deixar no thesouro, ou toda a prata dos mercadores, que estão em Manila, chegando nova dos successos do Reyno com Castella, por via de Nova Espanha, ou em parte do cabedal, se não chegar pera segurança daquella praça. Não trato nas mais pessoas em particular, pois ao Governo como primeiro móvel se devem as graças & louvores, levando comigo aos mais do povo, segundo aquillo. Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis. Aos Religiosos & Ecclesiasticos desta cidade como mais eruditos com sua muita eloquência ficam as mais abonações affi próprias, como alheas, entre as quaes eu não tenho lugar, que somente me resoluo em epilogar em breve, o que na verdade passou sem encarecimento, nem hyperboles rhetoricos, assim de dar de mim satisfação no assumpto, que tomei rogando. E por carta do dito Doctor Ioão Marques Moreira de 22. de Novembro de 1642. consta que os dous nauios, que estavão em Manila, chegaram à cidade de Macao. [Anotações marginais] (No canto inferior esquerdo, pequena anotação manuscrita parcialmente visível: "ellos") — [UNCLEAR: ellos? {{PAGE:40}} [Texto Principal] ção, com o recheo, que lá estava dos moradores dela, com alguns Castelhanos por ordem do Governador Dom Se- bastião Hurtado de Córdova fingindo não saber haver Rey Português com animo de foguear aquela cidade à coroa de Castela, & ficarem nela de presídio não tendo seu intento efeito algum; & com as fazendas, que vi- eram nos ditos navios ficou próspera a cidade rica, & com esperanças de grandes opulências, attribuindo o suc- cesso da vinda destes navios á felice acclamação del Rey nosso Senhor nestes Reynos de Portugal, por cujo meio es- tão com esperanças de lograrem, & possuirem outras feli- cidades maiores. EM LISBOA. Com todas as licenças necessárias. Na Officina de Domingos Lopes Roza. Anno de 1644. Taxão esta Relação a reis. Lisboa 8. de Janeiro de 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Carimbos] [No centro, sobre o texto "EM LISBOA. [translation] {{PAGE:1}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Account of the Majestic, Mysterious, and Notable Acclamation Held in Honour of His Majesty King John IV, Our Lord, in the City of Nome de Deus (‘Name of God’) in China, together with the Festivities Organised by the Public Authorities and Other Private Individuals. By Dom João Marquês Moreira, Apostolic Prothonotary of the Holy See and Chaplain to His Majesty in the said city, in the past year of 1642. To the Gentlemen of the Government of the City of Nome de Deus in China. I. I should have wished—yet was unable—to complete this account with greater expedition, given the many obligations incumbent upon me in bringing this enterprise to publication; obligations which reflect the exemplary fidelity and devotion you yourselves demonstrated in your loyal service to His Majesty King John IV, Our Lord. Although you requested that I commit to writing a formal record of the public demonstrations and magnificent acts by which you celebrated His Majesty’s accession to the throne and his coronation in this city, such a service could not reasonably be denied to you. For it is altogether fitting—and indeed a duty—to recall, for your edification and remembrance, those solemn observances so rightly due to a living sovereign—not a deceased monarch—who possesses eyes to behold, ears to hear, and most generous hands with which to reward vassals of your distinguished calibre and noble station: men who hold illustrious offices and honourable titles, commensurate with the exceptional merits you have shown. [Marginal Annotations] [Top left corner] g 11 cal. 33. {{PAGE:2}} [Page 1] [Main Text] They will have distinguished themselves—serving as prototype and exemplar for those who succeeded them—and particularly by overcoming difficulties placed in their path, cutting short delays that self-interest could not excuse in matters of such gravity. They deviated not one jot nor tittle from the order prescribed to them in the royal letter issued by His Majesty our Lord concerning the acceptance of His Royal Highness the Prince, remaining resolute in laying aside gentleness and taking up the rod of authority, whereby they would bring back onto the right path all those who—by committing so grave a rebellion—sought to depart from it: thus proving themselves true and loyal vassals to their King. In this journal and report—which I respectfully submit to Your Excellencies—you will find accounts of actions undertaken by others and by private individuals; this inclusion is deliberate, for it accords with the subject I have undertaken and fulfils the precise obligations arising from my solemn verbal undertaking. Yet, upon careful scrutiny, you will perceive clearly that all these actions redound to the particular honour and glory of Your Excellencies, for you were the primary impetus—the very first cause—that drew the lower magistrates and officials to the posts they now occupy. Should any shortcomings be discerned in this account, I beg your pardon; and I willingly cede ample scope to other more diligent scholars—should curiosity move them to take up the pen—to treat this elevated subject with greater elegance and to furnish still stronger testimonials to Your Excellencies’ merits. May God preserve Your Excellencies for many years. Macau, 20 August 1642. [Marginal Annotations] (Centred at lower left, printed:) Yours faithfully [Signatures] OP. JOÃO MARQUES [Archival References] (Illegible; printed faintly in the background beneath the date: “20.”) {{PAGE:3}} [Page 207] [Main Text] Fabio Epiteto addressed those who, overwhelmed by the distresses of their ill fortune, found themselves on the very threshold of despair—believing Heaven itself to be arrayed against them and resolved upon their utter ruin, from which they would never rise again, but remain sunk in the abyss of their afflictions. ‘Take heart,’ he exhorted them, ‘you who deem yourselves unhappy; for misfortunes are not ordinarily harmful, but beneficial to men—vanishing entirely, like a sail caught by a favourable wind, as soon as Fortune’s tide turns once more.’ Such was the condition of the city of Nome de Deus (‘Name of God’) in China—surrounded by anxieties and disquiet only a few months earlier: losses and commercial collapse in the Japan trade, and, in the judgement of many, Heaven itself set in opposition to its inhabitants, threatening total ruin through shortages and widespread apprehension. Yet precisely when confidence had reached its lowest ebb, the ‘Wisest of the Wise’, God, did not fail to console and encourage the populace with the joyful news of the accession of His Majesty King João IV to the crown of Portugal—an event that transformed their recent adversity and seemingly monstrous reversals into universal acclaim: theatrical performances, public festivals, celebratory bell-ringing (repiques), and other manifestations of profound collective joy and satisfaction. All former anxieties dissipated; the city reverted—as if restored to its former state—to the opulence it had enjoyed in its heyday, when annual revenues flowing through its harbour bar amounted to many millions of réis, and its prosperity appeared boundless, with wealth pouring in like golden streams and silver rivers. The spectacle was all the more striking—and the contrast all the more poignant—given the city’s diminished circumstances at that very moment: only two vessels from the Philippines lay at anchor, laden with the meagre remnant of what remained after the collapse of the Japan trade—a sum totalling approximately one million réis. To any thoughtful observer attentive to both economic interest and civic honour, this figure alone sufficed to underscore the gravity of the city’s decline. And yet these loyal vassals embraced the royal proclamation with unfeigned delight—as though it were the discovery of rich mines or newly uncovered treasure-hoards. {{PAGE:4}} [Page 1] [Main Text] They were duly entered therein; and what was most noteworthy was that there was produced a certified copy of the royal letter—transcribed directly from the original—dispatched by His Majesty to this city under the authority of His Excellency the Viceroy and Captain-General of the State of India, Dom João da Silva Tello, Count of Aveiras. From Goa, His Excellency entrusted this copy to Diogo Mendes de Brito, who carried it as part of an embassy to the Governor of Jacatarrá (i.e., Jakarta), with instructions to negotiate peace and a suspension of hostilities. He was further directed, upon conclusion of those negotiations, to bring the certified copy of His Majesty’s letter to this city. However, disagreements arising during the drafting of the articles of agreement between the Governor and the ambassador impeded his onward passage; it therefore became necessary to inform the Viceroy of the State of India and await a definitive resolution from the court at Goa. In the interim, the viceroy’s letter—accompanied by the certified copy of His Majesty’s missive—was delivered to António Fialho Ferreira, a nobleman and knight of the Military Order of Christ, who had recently arrived in Macau from the Kingdom of Portugal. In his letter, the Viceroy conveyed His Majesty’s command that this city should forthwith, without delay, submit itself and formally acknowledge His Majesty as its rightful sovereign and natural lord—just as had already been done by the majority of cities and territories within the Portuguese Crown’s dominions. His Majesty further assured the inhabitants of generous rewards and honours, pledging His Royal Word in this regard. Upon António Fialho Ferreira’s arrival, the municipal authorities of this most noble city did not hesitate in their allegiance; indeed, they declared their loyalty even more readily than many other cities and territories of the Portuguese Crown. This readiness stemmed from Macau’s particular geopolitical situation: its proximity to the Spanish-held Philippines, the Moluccas (Maluku), and Formosa (Taiwan)—where Castilian garrisons and military forces were stationed at relatively short distances—contrasted sharply with its extreme remoteness from the viceregal court at Goa. Consequently, Macau stood effectively isolated: it could rely for defence upon no external support other than its own citizens—those who stood watch upon its ramparts and manned its bastions—facing, as they did, neighbouring ‘barbarous’ nations (a term used here in its early modern European diplomatic sense, denoting non-Christian polities perceived as hostile or uncivilised) whose enmity extended to the very spilling of Macau’s blood. It was Divine Providence, our Lord God, that placed Macau into the hands of His Serene Highness Dom João IV, King of Portugal. {{PAGE:5}} [Page 208] [Main Text] …griefs and the ‘feu fangue’ [lit. ‘fire poison’, a contemporary Portuguese rendering of the Japanese term hi no kusuri, referring to gunpowder or firearms—here used metonymically for violent execution by musketry], which the tyrant of Japan inflicted some years earlier upon four ambassadors sent by the principal nobles of this city—a deed already widely reported not only throughout the East but also across Europe. News of the acclamation of His Serene Highness King Dom João IV in the Kingdom of Portugal reached this city on 30 May 1642, preceded by auspicious omens on the preceding night: the heavens themselves appeared to herald the celebration with salvoes of artillery—yet without emitting lightning or hurling stones, which might alarm faint-hearted souls—and concluded with an abundant fall of rain, after which the sky cleared and fair weather ensued. This favourable turn permitted Antonio Fialho Ferreira to disembark from a Dutch vessel that had anchored a few leagues from this port; upon landing, he proceeded immediately to the Fort of São… {{PAGE:6}} Many noble and distinguished individuals who had previously governed this city assembled there, convening in closed session until late into the night. Meanwhile, the populace debated variously and without certainty—uncertain as to the truth of the matter—though rumour suggested momentous news from the Kingdom; indeed, reports had already reached us from the kingdoms of Siam and Cambodia, conveyed by Dutch merchants who had wintered among us and informed certain of our countrymen that a king now reigned in Portugal: namely, the Duke of Bragança. Yet, because these tidings arrived by such an indirect route, doubt inevitably persisted concerning an unexpected development. Nevertheless, the force of credulity overcame all scepticism—the human impulse toward trust prevailing over caution—when António Fialho Ferreira revealed himself before the assembled council and produced letters entrusted to him by Diogo Mendes de Brito, Portuguese Ambassador at Batavia, including official correspondence from the Viceroy of the State of India, as well as numerous private letters from the Kingdom. He then read aloud a certified copy of the royal letter addressed to this city, bearing the authenticating seal of the Secretary of the State of India. The public announcement of this news provoked such widespread excitement that many abandoned the decorum expected of men advanced in years and seasoned by prudence. The governing authorities—the Captain-General and the rest of the council—received the news as if it had descended from heaven itself, and immediately pledged their obedience to His Majesty, our Sovereign Lord. No further meetings or deliberations were deemed necessary: the council complied strictly—and without deviation in a single particular—with the instructions set forth in His Majesty’s letter dated March 1641. {{PAGE:7}} [Page 209] [Main Text] The municipal council (Câmara), the Captain-General, and other dignitaries withdrew to their residences late that evening. At dawn the following day, the magistrates reconvened at the municipal chamber, where they proceeded—promptly and formally—to draw up a declaration of allegiance to His Majesty our Lord the King. A formal instrument of submission was prepared for this purpose, and, as indeed occurred, all those summoned affixed their signatures thereto. Having deliberated upon the appropriate public demonstrations befitting so momentous an act, they resolved—and subsequently swore—an oath of fealty to His Majesty our Lord the King. Throughout the city, numerous bonfires and illuminations were lit, commencing on Whitsunday (Pentecost) and continuing until Trinity Sunday—the day appointed for the solemn swearing of allegiance to His Majesty King Dom João IV and to His Royal Highness the Prince Heir, Dom Teodósio. Following the oath, arrangements were made for a solemn procession of thanksgiving to Almighty God, in which both secular and regular clergy participated. On that same day, the Lord Bishop presided over the liturgical celebration; the cathedral (Sé) was adorned with full ceremonial splendour and majesty for the occasion. Public festivities—including bullfights, horse races, masked processions, and costumed pageants—were scheduled on designated days in prominent public squares and along the principal thoroughfares, thereby visibly expressing the populace’s heartfelt satisfaction, enthusiastic acceptance, and loyal vassalage towards the Most Serene King Dom João IV. These arrangements were ordered by the Captain-General and municipal government of the city, under the direction of João Aranha de Pedroza, Sergeant-Major of the garrison and serving captain of infantry, who was instructed to deploy fifty soldiers of the permanent garrison to secure and oversee the aforementioned festive zones at the specified locations. At the beginning of June, the city authorities commanded the raising of the Royal Standard—bearing the quinas (the five escutcheons representing the Kingdom of Portugal)—in various public spaces and prominent sites. The municipal chamber itself remained open throughout, its windows adorned with a banner displaying the Royal Arms; from these windows, a consort of shawms (charamelas) performed. The Captain-General, Dom [name illegible], stood present in full ceremonial array. {{PAGE:8}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Da Silveira, who ordered the entire garrison to assemble at the Fort of São Paulo and directed the artillery at all posts and bastions of this stronghold—widely regarded as the finest and most solidly constructed fortress among all those belonging to His Majesty throughout his dominions—to be readied for action. Much of the ordnance had been cast locally by Manuel Tavares Bocarro, a highly skilled and accomplished master gun-founder resident in the city and married there. The defensive strength of São Paulo was finally brought to full readiness: with chests of munitions, fifes, captains, soldiers, and artillerymen duly stationed at their respective posts—all fully prepared and disciplined. The artillery and musketry were then discharged in such precise and coordinated sequence that the display resembled a well-ordered battle squadron, fully capable of engaging in warfare. Numerous salutes were fired in honour of His Majesty our Sovereign, each answered across the city by peals from the bells of churches and bell-towers, accompanied by harmonious playing of shawms (charamelas) from the municipal chamber house—so that hearts swelled with joy and delight, overflowing with pure contentment and heartfelt satisfaction at the accession of a monarch deemed more virtuous than Trajan and more fortunate than Augustus: revered and beloved even in these remote and distant territories. Such celebrations continued until this day. On the Feast of Pentecost (the Day of the Holy Spirit), numerous bonfires and illuminations were lit—not only along the ramparts of the Fort of São Paulo, at intervals designated by the Captain-General and the city’s governing authority, but also from the windows of streets, church towers, and the upper storeys of religious convents. Many individuals, especially those of scholarly or artistic inclination, took particular care in devising inscriptions (epigraphs), allegorical emblems, and hieroglyphic devices—whose forms were rendered strikingly visible by the clear light of the illuminations. These attracted crowds of curious onlookers who thronged the public squares and thoroughfares during the octave festivities; notably, special attention was drawn to the façade of the Church of the Jesuit College, where the friezes and capitals of the columns displayed an exceptionally refined example of mixed architectural style—Doric, Corinthian, and Roman—executed with remarkable artistry and technical mastery. {{PAGE:9}} [Page 210] [Main Text] My Lord, a figure stood upright in the principal window of the choir loft: it represented the Law—depicted as a crowned and robed personification—bearing twelve tongues at its extremities, from whose mouth issued a tongue of fire; in its right hand it held a sword, and in its left a standard; the royal arms of the Kingdom were displayed on either side. Alongside this central figure appeared the provincial divisions of Portugal, each accompanied by representations of its principal cities, bearing inscribed labels identifying them. The brilliance and luminosity of this spectacle drew numerous people out of their homes into the streets during the nights—whose customary state is one of quiet repose upon the pillow—and, in part, this vision coincided with an exceptional downpour, whereby Heaven, as it were, ratified these days with copious rainfall, accompanied by gusts of wind strong enough to shatter and scatter the pyrotechnic displays—bonfires and illuminations—that seemed to rival the stars of the firmament. Yet neither the tempest’s severity nor its disruption could dampen the courage and resolve of those who, with unwavering zeal, repeatedly rebuilt what inclement weather had undone. During the period spanning from Pentecost (the Feast of the Holy Spirit) to Trinity Sunday, the municipal authorities commissioned the construction of a spacious and imposing temporary theatre. Its upper section was roofed with white wax candles arranged in a circular, gleaming configuration; its lateral façades were draped with fine silk hangings, interwoven with crimson-and-white lace and further embellished with abundant gold and azure ornamentation—rendering the entire structure akin to a variegated forest or a polychrome garden. This architectural installation was erected against the walls of the courtyard of the municipal chamber (câmara municipal), extending along the entire length of Rua Direita, from end to end, with broad, unobstructed views from the windows on both its northern and southern sides. At its rear, a richly adorned canopy (dossel) was installed, beneath which the royal arms were prominently displayed. As inclement weather precluded the formal swearing-in of His Majesty the King on Trinity Sunday, the ceremony was postponed until the twentieth day of the month. {{PAGE:10}} — ORIGINAL TEXT — [Page 1] [Main Text] Cloths and altar linens, upon which stood silver candelabra bearing white wax candles; these were placed beneath the canopy (baldachin), with the sceptre and crown arranged on one side and, on the other, a large silver cross bearing a crucifix of the same metal—all German workmanship, executed in fine openwork filigree (rede miúda aberto ao boril), accompanied by an open missal. That afternoon—or more precisely, at the solar zenith, shortly before noon—the Captain-General of the Monte descended into the ceremonial theatre between two dense ranks of infantry (musketeers) and arquebusiers, captains and officers. He entered the theatre in this manner. Immediately thereafter, the civic authorities of the city arrived: the Bishop’s Governor (Governador do Bispado), ecclesiastics both regular and secular, together with numerous nobles, fidalgos, and knights of the military orders resident in this city. The Captain-General took his seat in the foremost chair on the left-hand side of the baldachin and altar. Next followed the Bishop’s Governor, the municipal councillors (Vereadores)—Lionel de Soysa de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, and Dom João Pereira—then the ordinary judges: Cristóvão Soares Coelho and Manuel Bernardes; the procurator, Marcos Rabello de Almeida; and the town clerk (escrivão da Câmara), Jácome de Morais Pereira. Finally, a trio of shawms (charamelas) played. Thereupon, the town clerk, standing upright, proceeded to the right-hand side of the altar, where the missal lay open. The Captain-General then rose and approached the same location, kneeling upon the floor before the crucifix. The town clerk withdrew from his papers the prescribed form of the oath (juramento), and read it aloud, clearly and intelligibly, to those assembled. The Captain-General, placing his right hand upon the open missal, repeated the oath verbatim. Upon completion of the swearing-in, he returned to his seat. The Bishop’s Governor then followed, swearing allegiance to His Majesty our Lord on behalf of the entire ecclesiastical nobility, using the identical formula. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] ‘x.’ {{PAGE:11}} [Page 211] [Main Text] The ceremony proceeded as follows: the Captain-General, immediately after the Governor João Bispado, administered the oath of office to Lionel de Soyza de Lima, who was sworn in as vereador (alderman) and incumbent ouvidor (royal magistrate). Thereafter followed Pero Cordeiro de Melo and Dom João Pereira, also sworn in as vereadores. Next came the ordinary judges (juízes ordinários) and other municipal officers—the procurador (town procurator) and escrivão da Câmara (town clerk). In addition to those named above, the superiors of the religious orders and several leading members of the local nobility likewise took the oath. All participants were richly attired in brocade and gold, adorned with abundant jewellery; their sumptuous appearance evoked the image of a ‘city of kings’, so resplendent were they in this solemn act of homage to His Majesty our Lord, affirming their loyalty as his vassals and underscoring the dignity and prestige of the city’s noble administration. Upon completion of the oath of fidelity and obedience to His Majesty King John IV of Portugal, a festive performance (folia) was staged on the theatre erected for the occasion. This entertainment was presented by the students of the Jesuit schools, whose masters had rehearsed and prepared it expressly for the day. The students entered the theatre with great grace and spirited bearing, performing dances and theatrical interludes marked by exceptional elegance and artistry—so accomplished, indeed, that they could readily rival the most skilled performers of the Kingdom. The principal song performed was as follows: > If Portugal with Castile ever wed, > ’Twas never a match well made; > With John, it parted—far away, > Away, away—much to her dismay. All subsequent verses concluded with this refrain. Immediately upon its conclusion, the artillery and musketry stationed along the main thoroughfare (Rua Direita) discharged in salvo, arranged in formal order. Thereafter, Marcos Rabello de Almeida, the city’s procurador, addressed the assembled crowd in a loud, clear voice: ‘Hear ye, hear ye—attend!’ Immediately afterwards, Jacome de Moraes Pereira, the escrivão da Câmara, echoed the proclamation in similarly elevated tones: ‘Long live, long live His Majesty DOM JOHN IV, King of Portugal!’, adding further ceremonial phrases in accordance with the city’s royal charter (foral). {{PAGE:12}} [Page 52] [Main Text] Holding the Royal Standard in his hand, he ascended to the first step of the theatre and proclaimed aloud: ‘Long live His Majesty King Dom João IV! Long live the King!’ The populace repeated these words in unison, in identical fashion; both cry and response continued uninterrupted as the procession made its way from the theatre to the Cathedral, accompanied by the secular and ecclesiastical authorities. Upon arrival at the Cathedral, the clergy—led by the Governor of the Bishopric—sang the Te Deum laudamus aloud in thanksgiving. Thereafter, the procession departed the Cathedral, and the Captain-General together with the municipal authorities proceeded through the principal streets of the city, repeating the acclamations at regular intervals. Along the Rua Direita, windows were richly adorned and filled with numerous noblewomen and distinguished persons of all estates and regional origins—whose appearance and bearing were indistinguishable from those of their counterparts in Europe. These ladies themselves constituted a veritable court, participating wholeheartedly and with equal enthusiasm in the festive demonstrations honouring His Majesty, as though born in the very heart of the realm and within the most privileged precincts of the kingdom. They fully appreciated the profound significance of preserving royal authority in this distant land, so remote from the centres of civilisation and from the dominions of our Lord the King—may God grant Him long and prosperous reign. Saturday, 21 June: The Lord Bishop officiated at the Cathedral (Sé) in person; the Governor of the Bishopric celebrated Mass, and Father Fr. Pedro de S. delivered the sermon. {{PAGE:13}} [Page 212] [Main Text] Golden bands running vertically down both sides of the structure; the church ceiling and columns entirely adorned with alternating motifs in crimson and white, interlaced with volutes and rosettes arranged so skilfully that the overall effect rivalled a garden of flowers and convolvuluses—such was the richness and variety of the decorative scheme. For this ephemeral display, the colonial administration bore the full expense, including additional days’ costs for music, liturgical observances (féria), and all other ceremonial elements associated with royal festivals throughout the entire duration of the celebrations. {{PAGE:14}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of the Two Sovereignties—Divine and Human The procession having been arranged, the Governor of the Bishopric proceeded from the Cathedral, bearing the Most Holy Sacrament in his hands beneath a richly embroidered canopy. Immediately behind him followed the Captain-General and civil governor of the city, each bearing their ceremonial staffs. Ecclesiastics—both regular and secular clergy—marched in solemn array, clad in copes and surplices. As they advanced along the principal streets, ecclesiastical musicians performed sacred dances accompanied by musical instruments. A triumphal chariot, elaborately adorned with fine silks, formed a central feature of the procession. Upon it stood a living figure representing His Majesty the King our Lord, holding a sceptre in one hand and wearing a crown upon his head. This royal effigy was flanked by four other living figures personifying the cardinal virtues: Justice, Mercy, Piety, and the Fear of God. Before the chariot rode four further allegorical figures—each mounted on horseback—to signify the Four Quarters of the World. Ahead of these rode Fame herself, likewise on horseback, bearing the royal standard displaying the Royal Arms. Upon completion of the prescribed circuit, the procession returned to the cathedral façade (the porta da Sé). There, Fame dismounted, ascended the triumphal chariot—which had halted before the cathedral’s main portal—and, positioned directly within the line of sight of the Most Holy Sacrament, delivered an oration addressed to the King. In this address, she exhorted him—on behalf of the four virtues embodied before him—to uphold Justice, Mercy, Piety, and the Fear of God. To this appeal the King graciously replied that he would do precisely as the virtues counselled. This exchange elicited profound emotion among the assembled dignitaries—notably the Dominican friars, who had accompanied the triumphal chariot, and the Augustinian friars, who contributed their own liturgical dances—deeply moving the Serene King Dom João IV. Moreover, throughout the octave (the eight-day period following the feast), the religious communities maintained illuminations in their convents and bell towers; from these vantage points, numerous accomplished singers—accompanied by musical instruments—could be heard performing sacred music capable of uplifting and profoundly affecting the hearts of all who listened. With this procession, the ceremonies of the day were concluded. The following day—22nd [of the month]. {{PAGE:15}} [Page 213] [Main Text] The Fort of São Paulo, accompanied by the full military ceremonial order, proceeded in procession with a mounted detachment stationed in the rear—drawn up in formation between two foldados (a ceremonial honour guard composed of elite colonial militia officers and civic dignitaries), whose own mounted attendants accompanied them: one bearing a ceremonial staff, the other carrying the heraldic shield of the Lobo and Silveira families. The foldadefca—a term denoting the formal assembly and procession of the foldados—was exceptionally resplendent; it traversed the city’s streets and public squares, the courtyards (terreiros) of convents, and ascended the staircases of the College of São Paulo—the Jesuit College of the Society of Jesus—following precisely the same route, as these were deemed the most suitably proportioned and dignified approaches for such a ceremonial ascent. At the moment the procession entered the Church of the Jesuit College, the weather abruptly deteriorated, compelling the foldados to take shelter within the church, where they continued their acclamations—shouting and cheering without interruption. This church is entirely adorned—its ceiling, choir, columns, and the nave of the north chapel—entirely gilded and executed in high-quality mezzo-rilievo (mid-relief) stonework, with wall paintings and life-sized sculpted figures set within architectural frames of pilasters, pediments, and festoons; the decorative scheme employs rich pigments—vermilion, gold leaf, and ultramarine blue—with such technical refinement and aesthetic harmony that its beauty rivals that of the finest ecclesiastical interiors in Europe. Even the copious quantities of rainwater could not dampen the customary acclamations of Vivas ao Rei nosso Senhor! (“Long live our Lord the King!”) led by the Captain-General himself, who raised his voice forcefully and repeatedly, joined by those members of the presidio (garrison administration) accompanying him. Nor was the Society of Jesus remiss in its observance: the college bells rang out vigorously, their peals echoing throughout the city—and on many other occasions likewise—testifying to the Company’s longstanding and profound loyalty to the Kings of Portugal and the House of Bragança, to whom it had always borne heartfelt and deeply ingrained devotion. The Captain-General then retraced his route through the city’s streets, arriving at the Convent of São Domingos, where the bells were again rung in his honour. Thereafter, he withdrew to the hilltop (Monte)—a gesture serving as a clear and solemn demonstration of his fidelity and obedience, affording every opportunity permitted by protocol to express his sincere delight at the news of the accession of the Seventh Monarch, Dom João IV of Portugal. Feast Day of Saint [Domingo? — text incomplete] {{PAGE:16}} [Page 1] [Main Text] To the right, in full view, stood numerous palanques (elevated viewing platforms), windows, and other vantage points—many of which resembled alcifas (ornamental balconies or loggias), and were adorned with finely wrought needlework nets. These were occupied by members of the local nobility from all seven parishes (seteirados), under the formal attendance of the city’s Governor and the Captain-General, who presided from his own palanque. Horse races were held, in which the finest native equestrians participated; they competed in the corrida da manilha (a traditional mounted race involving the handling of a metal ring or hoop), wherein several riders distinguished themselves through remarkable dexterity and composure in manipulating the manilha. At the conclusion of the races, the riders divided into two parallel ranks, each led by its appointed captain. They then executed spiral turns (voltas em caracol), charging directly at one another in coordinated opposition—entering and withdrawing with great bravado, yet without collision or entanglement: an achievement demanding exceptional skill, even among the most accomplished horsemen. This spectacle was widely admired, not least for the splendid and sumptuously attired equestrian contingent. The afternoon festivities continued uninterrupted until dusk, leaving the populace deeply satisfied and filled with joy—a welcome respite from the burdens of daily life, and from the intellectual anxieties that commonly afflict those who, with careful deliberation, reflect upon the manifold difficulties and apparent impossibilities confronting them in their pursuit of remedies and the preservation of their persons. The following day, 25th of the month—falling on a Wednesday—dawned clear. In preparation, the city’s Governor ordered bulls to be brought from one of the neighbouring villages—the finest animals procurable. A bull-ring (corro) was erected in the main thoroughfare, directly opposite the Town Hall (Casa da Câmara), chosen as the principal street within the urban core: spacious, wide, and well-suited to public festivity. Magistrates and the Captain-General were present in official capacity. {{PAGE:17}} [Page 214] [Main Text] At the bull-baiting events, although several individuals who charged the bull and found themselves beneath its horns incurred no notable danger of fatal injury. On the afternoon of 27 June—a Friday—the local inhabitants of one of the city’s districts, known as Campo (comprising men born in the locality and of mixed Portuguese descent), staged a formal military parade featuring musketry and arquebus drill. They marched under their own officers: Captains, Ensigns, Adjutants, and Sergeants. Their proficiency in handling firearms was widely admired; so accomplished were they that not even the smallest bird could pass within range without being brought down by a pistol shot—thereby demonstrating both exceptional marksmanship and remarkable composure under pressure. The participants were richly attired in silks, plumes, and medals; only their facial features distinguished them from Europeans. Yet in courage, valour, and martial resolve—particularly in confronting any enemy of the Portuguese nation—they proved themselves intrepid and spirited. They paraded through the city streets with great discipline and military precision, under the command of their respective captains, all subordinate to the Captain-General, to whom matters of war were constitutionally assigned; thus concluded the day’s proceedings. The following day, 28 June, saw a further bull-baiting spectacle. These bulls surpassed those of previous days in ferocity and savagery, rivalling even the finest specimens of Europe. Attendance by the colonial government and the general populace remained equally substantial. By order of the Captain-General, several soldiers entered the arena wearing masks and protective armour. Some performed daring feats; however, the first participant to enter the ring soon found himself in difficulty, reacting cautiously to the hazards before him. He was subsequently hamstrung, after which the official slaughterers—mofos de serviço (a colonial administrative term for designated municipal butchers or meat inspectors)—proceeded to butcher the animal on site, cutting it into portions. This occasion constituted a particular festival for these officials, each of whom, by lot, received a share of the meat to take home. {{PAGE:18}} — PAGE 1 — [Main Text] In our own time, we look back upon those who ventured into the fortified enclosures to engage in bullfighting—a public spectacle here commemorated and preserved in collective memory. On the 29th of the month, the inhabitants of the parish of São Lourenço staged their own panonada—a ceremonial display of martial pageantry—with the same gallantry displayed previously by the parish of Campo. Although the day brought occasional heavy showers, the weather nevertheless permitted the event to proceed without disruption; it was thus able to take place openly and with the anticipated delight of the populace. Even though many were of modest station, they rejoiced wholeheartedly at the news of the accession of His Majesty the King, our Lord—inspired thereby to hope for relief from the oppressions imposed upon them by the European powers, which had long impeded their navigation and maritime commerce. These nations had seized vessels indiscriminately, denying them access to the remedies—namely, trade and commercial intercourse—that, albeit pursued with great effort and often at considerable personal cost, constituted their principal means of livelihood: namely, the exchange of goods with the neighbouring kingdoms, to which they regularly dispatched ships. Thus conclude the festivities of the month of June—here recorded in silence, yet accompanied in contemporary accounts by descriptions of music, instrumental performances, shouts of ‘Vivas!’, and acclamations resounding through the streets during those evenings when the weather allowed. These demonstrations were mounted by numerous persons of noble birth, students, and young men—whose spirited participation merits full scholarly recognition, especially given the geographical remoteness and political isolation of this territory. In such distant and peripheral lands, prospects for advancement held little ground for confidence; neither did expectations of royal favour seem likely to bear fruit. Yet the people’s sole motivation remained the sincere and heartfelt celebration of a sovereign whose physical presence they could not enjoy. Upon the commencement of the month of July, on the feast-day of Saint Elizabeth (3 July), and towards late afternoon—around four o’clock—the schoolmasters of the Jesuit College, assisted by many of their students (their pupils), were already assembled and fully prepared with appropriate regalia. They formed, among themselves, a company composed of captains and soldiers, and staged a panonada. Emerging freshly from beneath the broad shade of large, leafy trees adjacent to the Church of the Jesuit College, they processed to the accompaniment of a peal of bells, drums (caixas), and fifes (pífaros). [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre of page] {{PAGE:19}} [Page 214] [Main Text] And the preparations were elaborate: two ornate processional floats—each bearing the magistrate’s insignia—stood ready in the courtyard. Their canopies were richly adorned with livery in heraldic colours and festooned with roses. Mounted upon four wheels, each float carried a full ensemble of the finest musicians and vocalists in the land—renowned for their exceptional voices and artistry. To illuminate this procession, numerous torches and waxen flambeaux—made of pure white beeswax, rivalled in quality only by the most carefully refined and laurel-scented wax from the Kingdom of Portugal—were provided; some five hundred such lights, give or take a few, were held aloft by attendants. All mounted participants rode on horseback, clad in sumptuous attire. The procession formed in strict order outside the municipal chamber courtyard, proceeding directly towards the Church of St Augustine. The two floats—accompanied by their musicians and instrumentalists—occupied designated positions within the cortege, flanked by large crowds who assisted in drawing them forward. At the head of the procession rode Pero Cordeiro de Mello, the senior alderman (vereador), holding the royal standard in his left hand. He was dressed in the moufica (a ceremonial Moorish-style costume worn on state occasions), complete with its distinctive capillary headdress (capilar) and a red cap (barrete) encrusted with jewels of extraordinary value and rarity—diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar). His horse was caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings (falpique), elaborately decorated with fine silverwork (argentaria). Accompanying him were Dom João Pereira and Lionel de Souza de Lima—both noble-born fidalgos and serving aldermen—also attired in moufica garments of crimson and gold, wearing jewelled caps set with pearls and diamonds, and riding horses similarly adorned with finely wrought silver embellishments. {{PAGE:20}} [Page 216] [Main Text] of the silver-mounted processional retinue: next followed Francisco Carvalho Aranha, a nobleman (fidalgo), and Vasco Barbosa de Mello, a person of high social standing, each attended by their marlotas (attendants or pages), dressed in Moorish-style garments—namely, tunics (vestidos à mourisca) of crimson and gold, their hair adorned with gold fillets (capilares de peças de ouro), and wearing short-brimmed, twisted caps (barretes) richly embellished with variegated gemstones, including numerous pearls; they rode horses caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings (aljoar em cavalos acobertados guarnecidos de argentaria). After this pair came António da Costa Benuchio and João da Costa Beauchio—brothers and noblemen (fidalgos)—attired in wide imperial breeches (calças largas imperiais) of green and black, edged with repoussé silver (alardeados de prata batida), and wearing short-brimmed, antique-style hats (gorras ou chapéus de abas curtas, enroscados à antiga); their horses were likewise caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings. Next followed Domingos Maciel de Aguiar, Auditor (a senior judicial officer) who had served aboard the Royal High-Deck Fleet (armada real de alto-bordo) under Nuno Álvares Botelho in the Indian Ocean, and later served as Ouvidor (Chief Judicial Magistrate) of this city; he was also a professed knight of the Military Order of Christ (cavaleiro professo do hábito de Cristo), accompanied by Cristóvão de Mello and his son Gaspar de Mello, both noblemen (fidalgos), dressed in Moorish style in crimson and gold; the trimmings of their caps (guarnição dos barretes) were set with numerous diamonds, rubies, and pearls; and their horses bore silver-mounted, embroidered caparisons (aljoar em seus cavalos acobertados femeados de argentaria). Thereupon entered D. {{PAGE:21}} — PAGE 1 — [Main Text] …in crimson and silver, wearing long, loose breeches (brácas), with sleeves reaching to the mid-forearm, their hair styled in the manner customary among the Polish nobility; their caps were richly adorned with abundant gemstones, and they wore silver necklaces while mounted on horses draped with ornamental silver-mounted cloths (falpiques de argentaria). Accompanying them on horseback were Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho and António Fialho Ferreira—both brothers-in-law, members of the landed gentry (fidalgos), and professed knights of the Military Order of Christ—dressed à mourisca (in the ‘Moorish’ style, i.e., in sumptuous Iberian–North African-inspired court attire), wearing garments of crimson cloth, caps lavishly set with jewels—including diamonds, rubies, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar)—and riding horses similarly draped with silver-mounted cloths (falpiques), their mounts further embellished with silverwork (argentaria) and bearing swords sheathed in gold and silver. The entire spectacle was heightened and magnified by the extraordinary number of torches—brilliant, majestic, and imposing—which illuminated the scene: thus appeared these noble gentlemen of the colonial administration, together with the other knights and persons of rank mentioned above, all loyal vassals of a monarch whose renown shall endure unceasingly in human memory. The Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira did not fail to attend this ceremonial display: descending on foot from the hilltop fortress, he was attired à mourisca in a rich garment of gold and azure, his red cap (barrete vermelho) elaborately ornamented, and preceded through the streets by one hundred arquebusiers and five hundred lit white-wax torches. In loud, resonant voices, he led acclamations in honour of His Majesty King John IV. As the entire procession surged forward en masse, raising their voices in unison, the cry rang out repeatedly: ‘Long live King John IV!’ {{PAGE:22}} [Page 217] [Main Text] Music was performed both vocally and instrumentally, and sung by a large assembly of people who accompanied the procession; the numerous braziers and torches that were lit transformed the night into day. This took place at three o’clock in the morning on the following day, after which the magistrates and many members of their retinue withdrew to the courtyard of the city’s government house—where they had earlier been accommodated, as previously described—and thence dispersed to their respective residences. I can affirm, without exaggeration, that no more splendid or dignified reception could have been arranged for princes or monarchs at the courts of the kings of Europe than this one. In celebration of the month of July, there occurred a masque and pageant staged by the young noblemen native to this city—numbering one hundred and twenty in all. Among them were also some youths from the Kingdom of Portugal itself; yet even these did not receive the same degree of trust placed in the local men, nor did they display the same liberal generosity in expenditure. In every respect—their language, dress, and bearing—the participants evinced the heritage of their Portuguese forebears: the nobility, liberality, affection, and loyalty inherited from their fathers and grandfathers. With the utmost possible emphasis, they demonstrated their devotion to His Majesty our Lord the King, voluntarily assuming personal responsibility for organising the event. Their intention was realised with remarkable order and harmony, and the spectacle shone with such brilliance and variety—featuring costumes representing diverse nations—that it elicited widespread admiration, particularly for the elegance and grace displayed both on foot and on horseback. This masque took place in June, concluding on the feast of St John the Baptist. {{PAGE:23}} [Page 86] [Main Text] They appeared with great ceremonial pomp, wearing chamaos or cabajas—robes bearing some resemblance to the voluminous garments worn by patricians of the Republic of Venice—adorned with gold and silver leaf. The fineness of the upper garments lent them a luminous sheen, enhancing their majestic bearing. Their headgear comprised caps and skullcaps akin to those worn by Chinese literati (shìrén), with earpieces fashioned from strips of felt; two large, upright plaques mounted centrally upon the cap, inscribed with fine Chinese characters indicating each mandarin’s rank and precedence. In their hands they carried fans—a traditional accoutrement of the Chinese elite. Numerous attendants (yúpū), corresponding functionally to bailiffs or constables, accompanied them, wielding long bamboo rods used by the mandarins to order the flogging and punishment of offenders. Native Chinese residents from neighbouring mandarin jurisdictions were present as drummers (tángyīn), playing flutes (chármelas, i.e., shēng or dízi) in their customary manner, and beating gongs (bàitā) alongside other percussion instruments. These instruments were sounded whenever a mandarin departed his residence—to alert the common populace to withdraw and conceal themselves—accompanied by loud, vociferous proclamations from his retinue. Collectively, this display was calculated to inspire profound respect and apprehension, ensuring that no Chinese subject from the local populace dared appear in public. {{PAGE:24}} [Page 218] [Main Text] … and golden ornaments worn upon the head, fashioned into headdresses resembling those made from palm fronds; from these descended strands of finely cut red and white paper streamers, reaching down to the shoulders—altogether lending the wearers a notably graceful and pleasing appearance. Flutes, three-stringed violas, and locally styled rabequinhas (small bowed string instruments akin to rebecs) were played alongside other instruments, producing no small degree of harmonic consonance. In their right hands they held open fans, which they waved with great elegance and poise while dancing. Each bore a catana (a short, single-edged sword typical of Lusophone Asia) at the waist, and Bunguios—indigenous officials who served as ceremonial marshals or masters of ceremonies in their own fashion—oversaw the festivities. All who beheld this spectacle were filled with awe and spiritual exhilaration; among them was João Rodrigues, the Chamber door-keeper (porteiro da Câmara), a man of Japanese origin (Jappam de nação), acting on behalf of the city’s petition requesting that he facilitate the assembly of the Japanese residents then detained. {{PAGE:25}} [Page 815] [Main Text] The procession was richly adorned with an abundance of precious stones—including diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar). It appears that the horseman deliberately selected this particular equestrian tableau to represent His Majesty King Dom João IIII [i.e., João IV], who rode with notable bearing and vigour, threading his way through the ranks and thoroughfares in such a manner that the full figure of the monarch was visible from all sides—where crowds had gathered along the streets to witness the masquerade. Numerous spectators, both from the public administration and private citizens, observed the spectacle from their windows; the scene was illuminated by countless wax candles and lanterns, lending it extraordinary magnificence and grandeur. Christians and non-Christians alike stood in awe along the streets, astonished at a spectacle hitherto unseen. This masquerade—originating at the Church of São Francisco—proceeded to the open square (taboleiro) before the Church of the College of the Society of Jesus, where the performers enacted their dances. Among these, a lively folia (a traditional festive dance or pageant) was performed, accompanied by drum, cymbals, and tambourines. The ensemble comprised young secular students and scholars, whose vocal harmonies were so finely attuned that—without exaggeration—they could have graced the royal courts of Europe, rivaling even the most accomplished ensembles found there. The drum was played by a student resident in the courtyard of the Society of Jesus, son of one of this year’s municipal councillors, Leonel de Souza de Lima; his playing combined such artistry and grace as to inspire universal admiration. This performance likewise impressed all the religious orders present in the city, as well as audiences elsewhere. The festivities continued throughout the night, concluding only at around four o’clock in the morning of the following day. On 10 July, bullfights were held in the Rua Direita, in full view of the entire populace. The events occupied the entire afternoon, attended by the civic authorities and the Captain-General. However, in accordance with reports of the bulls’ reputed ferocity—and given that certain mounted participants had intended to perform daring feats (algumas fortes) upon them, for which the municipal authorities had expressly summoned the animals—the spectacle disappointed the crowd, as the bulls proved notably timid (muito fracos). {{PAGE:26}} [Page 219] [Main Text] …fools—owing to a deception perpetrated by the Chinese, who had enthusiastically endorsed them. The following day, 11th of the month, the young Portuguese men from the parish of São Lourenço requested—and were granted—permission to stage their own paupnada (a traditional festive procession or pageant). For this purpose, most of them dressed in crimson cloth (carmesim), and borrowed arms—including drums, muskets (mosquetes), and arquebuses (arcabuzes)—from their masters. Since their masters wished neither to displease the youths nor to forgo appearing themselves at these royal festivities in honour of His Majesty our Lord, it was deemed necessary to accede to the request. The city duly joined in the celebration with customary enthusiasm (apoloira), as it has done—and continues to do—on all similar occasions. The procession traversed the streets, proceeding to Rua Direita, where the participants assembled in formal order before the municipal chamber (Câmara), under the supervision of the Captain-Adjutant (Capitão Ajudante), the Ensign (Alferes), and the accompanying retinue (fargento). At their head marched a trumpeter (trombeta bastarda), played with considerable grace by one of the youths. Bringing up the rear was a Kaffir (an African man, likely enslaved or in service) belonging to the Jesuit religious community (Religiosos da Companhia), who impersonated one of the kings of the coast of Melinde or Mombasa. He was clad in silk brocade (forras de seda) crossing diagonally over his shoulders to the waist, adorned with rosettes of the same material in crimson (encarnado); on his head he wore a crimson silk turban (fendal carmefim), bound with a cock’s feather of great prominence, rising above the hairline. He carried a bow and arrows, borne by two youths who flanked him; below the waist he wore a faraça (a type of draped cloth or loincloth), extending down to mid-calf; his feet were bare, and the procession formed two facing ranks, with participants turning their faces towards one another. At the conclusion of the drum and shawm (pifano) music, three volleys (faluas) were discharged; upon this signal, the Ensign lowered the Royal Standard, which remained displayed outside the portal of the courtyard of the municipal chamber. All then turned their gaze towards Rua Direita, at the end of the quadrangle, and raised loud acclamations—‘Vivas!’—to His Majesty our Lord. So genuine and universal was the rejoicing that it may truthfully be recorded that, in this city, no social estate or class of person remained unmoved; all manifested distinctive joy at this singularly gracious royal favour. {{PAGE:27}} [Page 2] [Main Text] the signal benefit which God has conferred upon the Kingdom and Crown of Portugal through the person of our Lord King Dom João IV, to whom we pray a long and prosperous reign. On the 16th day of July, the Lords of the Government—accompanied by the Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira—issued a public proclamation (bando), announced by drum and fife, and escorted by several officers and soldiers of the garrison. By this edict, they ordered all Portuguese subjects residing in the city, together with their children, who had not yet formally renewed their oath of allegiance (afinamento do termo da obediência) to our Lord King, to present themselves at the municipal chamber (Casa da Câmara) for that purpose. This zeal and diligence on the part of these most noble magistrates was motivated by a desire that no subject should remain outside the prescribed period for swearing fealty—a period which, by formal resolution (assento), had been extended from the moment news first arrived of the accession of our Lord King. Indeed, the urgency was heightened by an early incident: a respected citizen—married, long resident in this city, and of Galician origin—who had served the Crown of Castile for many years, and who had come hither from Manila as auxiliary support under Dom Fernando da Silva (Sergeant-Major of that garrison and Governor of the military forces), was subsequently dispatched to the Philippines by D. Alonso Fajardo during the Dutch occupation. This individual expressed some hesitation regarding the renewal of his oath, apparently prompted by scruples concerning the prior oath of allegiance he had sworn to King Philip (of Spain) while stationed in Manila—and now intending to return thither. In consequence, the municipal authorities arrested him and delivered him into the custody of the Captain-General, who detained him in the fortress of São Paulo, heavily ironed, as an example to others. He was later released upon the authorities’ determination that his difficulty stemmed solely from the aforementioned conscientious scruple—not from any intention to deny obedience to our Lord King or to renounce his status as a royal vassal; for he had acquired domicile in this city both through marriage and through his service as a municipal councillor (Vereador), thereby affirming his bona fide allegiance and standing. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] P. {{PAGE:28}} [Page 220] [Main Text] …the truth of which I affirm upon oath sworn before the King, and pledge my obedience to His Majesty. These were the hallmarks of an exceptional spirit; these, the marks of civic pride—through which this city, together with its Captain-General, sought publicly to demonstrate to the world the profound disapproval it felt even towards a single action grounded in such scruple. This sufficed to secure compliance among those who, for whatever reason, might otherwise have contested the orders issued to this city by His Majesty King Dom João IV; and thus the royal proclamation was proclaimed publicly amid such widespread acclamation and jubilant cries—‘Long live King Dom João IV!’—that even infants at the breast, scarcely yet able to utter ‘papa’ or ‘mama’, were heard repeating from their nurses’ laps: ‘Viva el Rey Dom Ioam o IV.’ On 20 July of the same month, the religious communities of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) and the Order of Saint Augustine staged a joint public procession. They were accompanied by a company of fifty students drawn from the schools attached to both convents—comprising both older and younger pupils. As neither order possessed a sufficiently large cohort of students individually to mount a celebration on its own patronal feast day—and thereby honour His Majesty our Lord—the two communities accordingly united their academic resources for this occasion. The participants were splendidly attired in the traditional fóldade (a formal academic gown), resplendent in every respect: richly adorned, meticulously ordered, and presented with due solemnity. Leadership of the procession was entrusted to the most accomplished and decorously comporting young men then resident in the city. {{PAGE:29}} [Page 655] [Main Text] Two hundred and fifty young men, clad in fine crimson damask—attire carefully selected to suit their respective ages, stature, and physical proportions—were assembled. Their gathering took place late in the day, already under cover of night; for, as youths who ordinarily went about in plain or modest dress, they seldom had occasion to appear thus adorned in ceremonial splendour. Such display was made possible only by the spirited ardour of youth—instilled by their instructors, who had trained them rigorously in this military discipline. Nor were these public demonstrations wanting in expressions of patriotic fervour: though individual in character, they proved no less authentically Portuguese—and no less noble in sentiment—than the civic celebrations held to mark the joyful news of His Majesty King João IV’s accession. This followed the formal decision of the city’s public authorities to submit to the sovereignty of our Lord the King, Dom João IV, as recorded elsewhere in this diary or official account. The principal organiser of these festivities was Francisco Carvalho Aranha—a noble citizen and fidalgo (hereditary gentleman) by virtue of his distinguished service and personal merit, and a figure well known throughout the city. As a devout lay brother and steward (mordomo) of the Confraternity of São Português—a devotional association to which the native population owed profound and manifest obligations to the Crown—the heavens themselves had confirmed divine favour through a most potent and widely witnessed miracle. In gratitude, and to demonstrate his magnanimous spirit on the saint’s feast day, Carvalho Aranha arranged bullfights and awarded valuable prizes to commemorate the ACCLAMATION and accession of the new monarch. To make his intentions publicly known, he issued printed proclamations (carteis) and ordered the raising of a royal standard—crimson and gold—upon a gilded mast erected in the Terreiro de Santo António. Upon the banner appeared the following inscription: ‘To Dom João IV’. {{PAGE:30}} [Page 221] [Main Text] By Dom João IV, Our Miraculous King: ‘With this I shall defend Him, and for Him I shall die.’ The celebrations coincided with the other luminarias held throughout the octave—festive illuminations that the city had designated—and although Fortune, in her envious disposition, partially diminished the public’s enjoyment by unleashing torrential rain upon the feast day of the Saint, the festivities were extended to the Feast of Corpus Christi. This extension was formally sanctioned by the municipal government and the Captain-General of the city, both of whom attended the bull-running. Prizes of considerable value—gold coins and fine silk textiles—were awarded to those who demonstrated exceptional courage during the event; among them were several Portuguese soldiers serving under the Captain-General, who had been expressly directed to enter the ring on that occasion. In addition, the aforementioned Francisco Carvalho Aranha distributed patacas (Portuguese silver coins) to individuals of lesser social standing who likewise performed feats of valour during the festivities. The day concluded to the particular delight of the populace, who had gathered in large numbers to witness the proceedings. Nor did the Portuguese Saint fail to grant the inhabitants of this city small but meaningful favours: having deemed all goods aboard two ships bound for Manila as irretrievably lost, the citizens redoubled their devotional efforts—holding numerous rogations and prayers—believing, as most of them did, that Don Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, Governor of the Philippines, would, upon receiving news of the dynastic change in the Kingdom and of the accession of our Lord the King, immediately order reprisals against the persons and properties of local residents, confiscating both for the Crown. Yet, contrary to this widespread apprehension, the Saint intervened providentially: news had already reached Manila—via Macassar, Ternate, and Cambay—that a letter from the King of Macassar had arrived at the Governor’s office in Manila, dispatched from this port. [Marginal Note] (Bottom left corner: partially legible handwritten signature: [UNCLEAR: L.) {{PAGE:31}} — TRANSLATION — [Page 1] [Main Text] On 8 August, following the successful paunada (a ceremonial military procession and display of arms, often associated with civic or religious festivals in Portuguese colonial contexts) conducted by the Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira in June, heavy rain fell in abundance. The garrison then reassembled at the Fort of São Paulo; formed up there as a formal battalion (esquadraõ), and marched down the mountain stairs directly towards the College of the Society of Jesus. There it was received with peals of bells; entered through the main portal of the church, exited via the side aisle into the Terreiro de Santo António, and proceeded thence along the beach to the Convent of São Domingos, which likewise welcomed the procession with its own bell peals. Upon reaching the municipal chamber (Câmara), the troops halted in full view of the building; on command from their captains and officers, they discharged five salvoes while lowering the royal standard—a gesture signifying homage to the Crown. The first rank comprised seven foldados (a term denoting elite infantrymen or halberdiers, here likely drawn from the city’s civic guard); subsequent ranks followed in groups of five. This battalion included numerous drummers, fifers (pifãos), and shawms (charamellas); the foldados were richly attired in varied silks of exceptional quality, bearing their halberds (frotas) and sashes (bandas) slung across the shoulder, flasks and powder-horns suspended from silk cords, and wearing plumed hats adorned with costly medals and ornamental silver-gilt cockades (chapados a modo de palanque), many of which were palheres (a type of ceremonial hat or cap) lined in crimson, yellow, and white. As the procession passed the convents of Santo Agostinho, the Sé (Cathedral), and São Francisco, each rang its bells in turn. The troops then retraced their route back up the mountain, where the Captain-General stood in full view; there, the paunada concluded—its success assured by the clear, sunny afternoon and the long-awaited cessation of drought, which had persisted for many months. All this was performed in honour of His Majesty the King, our Lord. I omit further details, as the account would become unduly lengthy and burdensome; much else remains to be recorded on this same subject, but I refrain from elaborating further here. On 10 August, the young men of the municipal body (corpo da cidade) and of Santo António held their own paunada, which proved to be the final such ceremony [of this season/cycle]. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] — S.S.S. (Sua Santidade o Senhor, i.e., ‘His Holiness the Lord’ — a conventional pious invocation, here likely indicating the scribe’s devotional framing of the event) {{PAGE:32}} — ORIGINAL TEXT — [Page 223] [Main Text] Ceremony of the feitas held in this city, organised under the auspices of the confraternity of São Lourenço, whose members were granted official sanction for the event; and they assembled in the Rua do Hospital, beneath the Forte do Monte de São Francisco. The officers of the company were among the most proficient marksmen in the city. The formation was arranged with strict military order: the first rank comprised feis (a term denoting locally recruited, armed retainers or militia—often of Afro-Asian descent, historically employed by Portuguese colonial elites), while subsequent ranks consisted of three or four lines. The participants were richly attired in varied silk garments; many wore swords (espadas) and curved blades (catanas) at their belts, along with garters (ligas), stockings (meias), sashes (bandas), powder flasks (frascos), and priming horns (poluarinhos). So disciplined and well-equipped were they that, had it been necessary to deploy an army in the field, this force would have proved highly effective against enemies of the Portuguese nation. The company was accompanied by two drummers (tambores) with their respective fifes (pifares), a Captain, two Ensigns (alferes), one Adjutant, several members wearing plumes (penachos) on their hats, gold braid (trançelins de ouro), gem-set ornaments (pedraria), and chains of gold and silver—commensurate with the wealth and status of their patrons. Their silver shirt-buttons (abotoaduras de prata) further attested to their refinement. In the rearguard stood four youths dressed in crimson velvet; and at the very end—the culmination of the procession—stood a Cãfre (a historical term used in Portuguese colonial contexts to denote a person of African descent, often freed or free-born, serving in elite households or civic roles) belonging to Francisco Carvalho Aranha, a fidalgo (nobleman) and citizen of standing, who was himself clad in his pano Saraça de S. (a fine, imported cotton fabric—‘Saraça’ being a variant of sarasa, a term derived from the Indian sārasa, denoting a high-quality printed or painted calico, commonly supplied via Portuguese trade networks from Gujarat or Coromandel). {{PAGE:33}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Galleys and widows—those owing feudal dues to His Majesty our Lord the King—having completed their ceremonial purifications, continued their procession without pause, even though night had already fallen; this compelled them to retire to the residences of their respective masters, satisfied and content with an outcome highly esteemed among persons of such standing. The population of this Eastern region was ethnically diverse: Kaffirs, Bengalis, Malabaris, Bugis, and numerous other peoples—whose names are here omitted for brevity. These were the public demonstrations organised by the magistrates and other leading citizens of this city to mark the occasion; these the sacred festivities and liturgical acclamations with which the Republic commemorated the accession and assumption of sovereignty in India by His Most Invincible Majesty Dom João IV, King of Portugal. So great was the rejoicing across the land at the proclamation of so auspicious a sovereign that every individual vied with his neighbour—not bearing a single torch, but many; not one light, but multiple luminaries and bonfires. Christians celebrated; Hindus celebrated; nobles and gentlemen celebrated; squires and commoners alike celebrated—as if already assured of deliverance from the grievances and acts of violence endured by Portuguese subjects in India and its dependencies. In the absence of a legitimate monarch, they had been reduced to captives and prisoners—not only at the hands of European powers, but also of the various peoples throughout this entire Eastern hemisphere. Consequently, they lost the finest and most lucrative strongholds—those very fortresses first secured by the pioneering and illustrious conquerors. In the golden age, when India flourished under Portuguese rule, its revenues supplied the choicest and most valuable commodities, generating such abundant wealth as to render Portugal the wealthiest kingdom in all Europe. It was this very drain—this diversion of India’s resources to foreign realms—that left the territory so diminished and enfeebled in power that, in the considered judgment of the most discerning observers, it could not have endured for more than three years. To this depletion we must attribute the decline in martial spirit and valour so evident in contrast to the heroic feats and distinguished deeds performed by our forebears—whose very bones and skulls might well have sufficed to construct impregnable ramparts. [Marginal Note] [Bottom margin, left-hand side] –161 [Bottom margin, centre] c. {{PAGE:34}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of victories—we place all our hope in the right hand of God, who has bestowed it wholly upon him, following the wounds [i.e., the Passion], to secure his possession and confirmation of his realm. The King—whose sovereignty was not yet fully established, despite having been willingly offered to him and being due to him by right—imagined that governance could be maintained only by holding the sword to men’s throats, the lance to their breasts, and the arrow to their hearts; for even when honouring all, one must hold one’s life perpetually in the balance. This, indeed, was the reply given by Apollonius to Cyrus, King of Babylon, when asked how a monarch might reign securely: ‘Fail no one in honour, but entrust your faith to few.’ (Si multos honoraveris, paucis vero credideris.) To these loyal vassals of the city of Macau—who, in this year, bore the weight of governing this republic founded at the farthest reaches of the known world—His Majesty incurs precise and binding obligations: to honour them with substantial rewards, privileged charters (foros), liberties, and distinguished offices, commensurate with the goodwill and liberal spirit they demonstrated in accepting the new sovereign authority and pledging obedience to His Majesty our Lord. This act of allegiance occurred at a time when the city was under considerable strain. All such individuals are persons of high standing: some by virtue of ancient nobility (fidalguia), others by long-established aristocratic lineage (nobreza); many having served with distinction in India—as captains and soldiers in the royal fleets (armadas do Reyno) and aboard the flagship (altobordo). On this occasion, they revealed the true worth of their character through the diligence and expedition with which they carried out His Majesty’s orders—delays having entailed real danger, given the prevailing unrest among the populace. Had consultation been sought locally, serious division might well have ensued—not through any fault of theirs—but owing to the acute financial distress afflicting the residents of this city, exacerbated by the recent withdrawal of relief measures previously available in the Philippines, upon which each citizen now depends with great urgency. It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo. [Marginal Annotations] [Upper-left corner] (Illegible) [Seals] [None visible] [Signatures] Dom Sebastião Lobo — partial signature visible at the foot of the main text, immediately below the line ‘It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo.’ {{PAGE:35}} [Page 225] [Main Text] Dom da Silveira—who, beyond his many merits as a true and loyal vassal to His Majesty, was also a nobleman by blood and lineage, descending from the distinguished houses of Lobos and Silveira—incurred substantial personal expenses while financially encumbered and insolvent. Upon his arrival in this city during the final year of the Japan voyage, the commercial collapse occurred almost immediately thereafter; as a consequence, he, like many others, was ruined financially and has since subsisted on loans extended to him by noble persons resident here—loans for which he remains obliged to render full satisfaction. Moreover, he recently secured a further loan of eight thousand patacas in Manila: this sum constituted the entirety of his available capital—the sole reserve at his disposal, to be deployed either favourably or adversely, according to the discretion of the Governor-General. That capital was, by force or by formal requirement, to be deposited in the royal treasury—or else applied, in whole or in part, towards the security of the Manila garrison, particularly following receipt of intelligence concerning the political situation in the Kingdom of Castile, transmitted via New Spain. I do not enumerate other individuals separately, for it is to the Governor-General—as the principal agent and chief authority—that gratitude and commendation are properly due; and I extend my acknowledgements to the wider populace in accordance with the principle enunciated in the maxim: Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis (“The whole world is shaped after the example of its king”). To the religious orders and ecclesiastical authorities of this city—whose erudition and eloquence are widely acknowledged—fall the more elaborate commendations, both those directly apposite and those more generally applicable; within this domain, I claim no place for myself, but confine my contribution to a concise epilogue setting forth, without embellishment or rhetorical hyperbole, the factual sequence of events—thereby discharging my own obligation regarding the matter I have undertaken at the petitioner’s request. Moreover, a letter dated 22 November 1642 from the aforementioned Dr João Marques Moreira confirms that the two vessels which had been stationed in Manila arrived safely at the city of Macau. [Marginal Annotations] (Bottom left corner: small handwritten annotation, partially legible: “eles”) — [UNCLEAR: eles?] {{PAGE:36}} [Main Text] …with the garrison already stationed there—comprising local inhabitants and several Castilians, acting under orders from Governor Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Córdova—who feigned ignorance of the existence of a Portuguese monarch, and who intended to set the city ablaze in the name of the Crown of Castile and thereby establish a permanent Castilian garrison. However, this design came to nothing. Moreover, the merchandise brought by the said ships greatly enriched the city, rendering it prosperous and fostering confident expectations of considerable future wealth; the inhabitants attributed the successful arrival of these vessels to the auspicious acclamation of His Majesty our Lord as King in the Kingdoms of Portugal, through which they now entertain hopes of attaining—and ultimately securing—still greater felicities. PRINTED IN LISBON With all necessary licences. At the printing-house of Domingos Lopes Roza. Year of Our Lord 1644. This account is taxed at one real per copy. Lisbon, 8 January 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Seals] [Centred above the line ‘PRINTED IN LISBON’] {{PAGE:38}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of victories—we place all our hope in the right hand of God, who has bestowed it wholly upon him, following the wounds [i.e., the Passion], to secure his possession and confirmation of his realm. The King—whose sovereignty was not yet fully established, despite having been willingly offered to him and being due to him by right—imagined that governance could be maintained only by holding the sword to men’s throats, the lance to their breasts, and the arrow to their hearts; for even when honouring all, one must hold one’s life perpetually in the balance. This, indeed, was the reply given by Apollonius to Cyrus, King of Babylon, when asked how a monarch might reign securely: ‘Fail no one in honour, but entrust your faith to few.’ (Si multos honoraveris, paucis vero credideris.) To these loyal vassals of the city of Macau—who, in this year, bore the weight of governing this republic founded at the farthest reaches of the known world—His Majesty incurs precise and binding obligations: to honour them with substantial rewards, privileged charters (foros), liberties, and distinguished offices, commensurate with the goodwill and liberal spirit they demonstrated in accepting the new sovereign authority and pledging obedience to His Majesty our Lord. This act of allegiance occurred at a time when the city was under considerable strain. All such individuals are persons of high standing: some by virtue of ancient nobility (fidalguia), others by long-established aristocratic lineage (nobreza); many having served with distinction in India—as captains and soldiers in the royal fleets (armadas do Reyno) and aboard the flagship (altobordo). On this occasion, they revealed the true worth of their character through the diligence and expedition with which they carried out His Majesty’s orders—delays having entailed real danger, given the prevailing unrest among the populace. Had consultation been sought locally, serious division might well have ensued—not through any fault of theirs—but owing to the acute financial distress afflicting the residents of this city, exacerbated by the recent withdrawal of relief measures previously available in the Philippines, upon which each citizen now depends with great urgency. It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo. [Marginal Annotations] [Upper-left corner] (Illegible) [Seals] [None visible] [Signatures] Dom Sebastião Lobo — partial signature visible at the foot of the main text, immediately below the line ‘It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo.’ {{PAGE:39}} [Page 225] [Main Text] Dom da Silveira—who, beyond his many merits as a true and loyal vassal to His Majesty, was also a nobleman by blood and lineage, descending from the distinguished houses of Lobos and Silveira—incurred substantial personal expenses while financially encumbered and insolvent. Upon his arrival in this city during the final year of the Japan voyage, the commercial collapse occurred almost immediately thereafter; as a consequence, he, like many others, was ruined financially and has since subsisted on loans extended to him by noble persons resident here—loans for which he remains obliged to render full satisfaction. Moreover, he recently secured a further loan of eight thousand patacas in Manila: this sum constituted the entirety of his available capital—the sole reserve at his disposal, to be deployed either favourably or adversely, according to the discretion of the Governor-General. That capital was, by force or by formal requirement, to be deposited in the royal treasury—or else applied, in whole or in part, towards the security of the Manila garrison, particularly following receipt of intelligence concerning the political situation in the Kingdom of Castile, transmitted via New Spain. I do not enumerate other individuals separately, for it is to the Governor-General—as the principal agent and chief authority—that gratitude and commendation are properly due; and I extend my acknowledgements to the wider populace in accordance with the principle enunciated in the maxim: Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis (“The whole world is shaped after the example of its king”). To the religious orders and ecclesiastical authorities of this city—whose erudition and eloquence are widely acknowledged—fall the more elaborate commendations, both those directly apposite and those more generally applicable; within this domain, I claim no place for myself, but confine my contribution to a concise epilogue setting forth, without embellishment or rhetorical hyperbole, the factual sequence of events—thereby discharging my own obligation regarding the matter I have undertaken at the petitioner’s request. Moreover, a letter dated 22 November 1642 from the aforementioned Dr João Marques Moreira confirms that the two vessels which had been stationed in Manila arrived safely at the city of Macau. [Marginal Annotations] (Bottom left corner: small handwritten annotation, partially legible: “eles”) — [UNCLEAR: eles?] {{PAGE:40}} [Main Text] …with the garrison already stationed there—comprising local inhabitants and several Castilians, acting under orders from Governor Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Córdova—who feigned ignorance of the existence of a Portuguese monarch, and who intended to set the city ablaze in the name of the Crown of Castile and thereby establish a permanent Castilian garrison. However, this design came to nothing. Moreover, the merchandise brought by the said ships greatly enriched the city, rendering it prosperous and fostering confident expectations of considerable future wealth; the inhabitants attributed the successful arrival of these vessels to the auspicious acclamation of His Majesty our Lord as King in the Kingdoms of Portugal, through which they now entertain hopes of attaining—and ultimately securing—still greater felicities. PRINTED IN LISBON With all necessary licences. At the printing-house of Domingos Lopes Roza. Year of Our Lord 1644. This account is taxed at one real per copy. Lisbon, 8 January 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Seals] [Centred above the line ‘PRINTED IN LISBON’]
fulltext_transcription	{{PAGE:1}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] RELACÃO DA MAGESTOSA, MISTERIOSA, E NOTÁVEL ACCLAMAC,AM, QUE SE FEZ A Magestade d’El Rey Dom IOAM O IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do Nome de Deos da China, & festas, que se fizerão pelos Senhores do Go- uerno público, & outras pessoas particulares. PELLO D. IOAM MARQUES MOREIRA PRO- THONOTARIO APOSTOLICO DA S. S. DE. & CAPELLÃO DE Sua Magestade na ditta cidade o anno pas- sado de 1642. AOS SENHORES DO GOVERNO DA CI- dade do Nome de Deos da China. I. A quizera, mas não pôde, com tanta presteza dar comprimento ao que por todas as vias era devedor a vossas mercês, sobejando muitos pera sair a luz com a empreza, do que vossas mercês obra- rão na obediência, que como leaes vassalos renderão a El Rey nosso Senhor Dom IOAM O IV., suposto que me rogaram lhes desse por escripto as demonstraçoens publicas, & acçoens grandiosas com q. nesta cidade festijrarão seu reynado, & coroaçam; serviço era pera não negar a vossas mercês o trazer-lhe á memoria lembranças tão devidas por hum Rey vivo, e não defunto que tem olhos pera ver, ouvidos pera ouvir, & mãos liberalissimas pera apremiar vassalos dos quilates de vossas mercês por sua muyta calidade, e nobreza co. illustres cargos, e auentejados titulos em rezão do muyto em que f. A esm [Anotações marginais] [No topo, à esquerda] g 11 cal. 33. {{PAGE:2}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] esmerarão havendo sido o protótipo, e exemplar nas acções dos que depois se seguirão, e em particular por romperem por difficuldades, que se lhes opunham atalhando detenções, que o interesse não desculpa em semelhantes coisas, por discreparem hũ ponto, nem faltar hũ til da ordem de q por carta tiverão do Rey nosso Senhor na aceitação do seu Rey nado, estando apostados a depor a brandura, e lançar mão da vara, com que metessem a caminho, os que della (comettendo rebellião tão grande) se quizessem apartar, como verdadeiros, e leais vassa- los a seu Rey. Neste diário, e relação, que offereço acharão vossas merces acções alheas, e de particulares por não faltar ao assumpto, que tomei, e as obrigações precisas de empenho por palavra, mas se bem notarem verão claramente, que todas redundam em particular honra, e glória de vossas merces, por haverem sido o primeiro móvel, que levou consigo os mais orbes inferiores ao lugar, que representam. Das faltas, que acharem peço perdão, dando muytas vantagens aos mais aqueus a curiosidade quiser lançar mão da pena, pera cortarem com toda a galhardia matéria tão levantada, e maiores abonos de vossas merces, aquem Deos guarde muytos annos, &c. Macau em 20. de Agosto de 1642. [Anotações marginais] (No centro inferior, à esquerda, impresso:) De vossas merces [Assinaturas] OP. IOAM Marques. [Referências arquivísticas] (Ilegível, impresso em fundo, abaixo da data: "20. {{PAGE:3}} [Page 207] [Texto Principal] Ouviu o fabio Epiteto aos que cercados de angústias de sua má fortuna se vião à porta da desesperação, cuidando terem os Céos em campo contra si, & estarem apostados a lhes darem ruína, donde nunca mais levantem cabeça, & saiam do a- bismo de seus males: animaiuos [diz elle] vós que vos ve- des infelizes, porque infelicidades não costumão ser de dano, mas de proveito aos homens, que com qualquer viração mais es- pera da fortuna, dão o pano todo, & desaparecem. Tal estava esta cidade do Nome de Deus da China, cercada de angústias com inquietações ávidas poucos mezes antes, perdas, e quebras do comércio de Japão, e a juízo de muitos postos os Céos em campo contra seus moradores com sobrefaltos, & arreceios de sua total ruína; quando mais desconfiada se achava, não faltou o Sabio dos Sábios, Deus, a consolar, & animar com a nova da feliz sucessão del-Rey nosso Senhor Dom IO- AM IV, do nome na coroa de Portugal, convertendo sua pouca dita, & partes monstruosas em aplauso geral de teatros, festas, repiques, & outras mostras de summo contentamento, e gosto, desaparecendo tudo, & tornan- do ao estado, como se fora com os muitos milhões, que pela barra lhe entravão todos os annos, quando mais se considerava no auge, e ponto de suas opulências com inchentes de riquezas correndo por canos de ouro, & ri- os de prata; sendo maior o espectáculo em conjunção, e tem- po em que se achou mais diminuída com dois navios nas Philippines carregados com esse pouco que lhe res- tou da quebra do comércio de Japão, importância de hũ milhão, que a todo o homem discursivo, que tem os olhos no interesse, e a honra nas costas, podia fazer reparar; po- rém assim se arremessarão estes leais vassalos a aceitar com gosto a nova que lhes chegou, como se fossem minas, & the- souros. {{PAGE:4}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] foram entrados nella, & o que he mais de estimar foy que gar fomente hũa cópia da carta tirada do original, que sua Magestade enviava a esta Cidade, por via do seu Vi- sorrey, & Capitão geral do Estado da India, Ioão da Silva Tello, Conde de Aveiras, o qual de Goa despachio com el- la a Diogo Mendes de Brito, & com embaixada ao Go- vernador de Jacatarrá para tratar de pazes, & suspensão de armas com ordem para depois de findas trazer a cópia da de sua Magestade a esta cidade, & como as dúvidas no capitulado, entre o Governador, & Embaixador lhe im- pediram a passagem, foi necessário avisar ao Visorrey do Estado, e esperar naquella corte resolução, e entregar a Antonio Fialho Ferreira fidalgo, e cavaleiro do hábito, q ali tinha chegado do Reyno, a carta do Visorrey do Es- tado com a cópia da de sua Magestade, onde dizia a esta ci- dade que logo sem dilação se sujeitasse, e reconhecesse por seu Rey, e senhor natural, como o tinham feito às ma- is cidades, e terras de sua Coroa com encarecimento de merces, e honras, em que empenhava sua Real palavra, no que não duvidarão os do Governo desta nobilíssima cidade, com a chegada de Antonio Fialho Ferreira, antes mostraram avantejados serviços as mais cidades, e terras da coroa de Portugal pela vizinhança que tem com as Philippinas, Maluco, Ilha Formosa, onde o Castelhano tem se- us presídios, e forças em pouca distancia, ficando esta de Macau em tanta distância da Corte de Goa, que não tem de quem se empares, senão do que cercam seus muros, e defendem seus baluartes à vista de nações bárbaras, que lhe dese- jam levar até o sangue. Esta ajuntou Deos nosso Senhor em mão do Sereníssimo Rey de Portugal Dom IOAM IV. {{PAGE:5}} [Page 208] [Texto Principal] dores, e de feu fangue, que nos annos atras derramou o tirano de Japão a quatro Embaixadores dos principaes da nobreza desta cidade, aquem a fama já divulgou não só no Oriente, mas tambem em toda a Europa. Chegou a nova da acclamação do Sereníssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IIII. no Reyno de Portugal a esta cidade em trinta de Mayo do anno de 1642, com prefgios da noite antecedente, que mostrarão inchentes de bens & prosperidades sem conto, porque anticipando-se o Céo a festa com salvas de artelharia, sem despedir raios, nem lançar pedras, que atemorizão animos fracos, acabarão com grande copia de água, & tornou o dia sereno, e bonanço foi, de modo que deu lugar a desembarcar Antonio Fialho Ferreira, de hũa naô Olandeza, que surgiu poucas legoas deste porto, o qual desembarcado foy logo ao forte de S. {{PAGE:6}} muytas peſſoas nobres, e de qualidade, que auiaõ gouer- nado eſta cidade, que todos vierão a ella, e juntos em con- clauе eſtiuерão até alta noite. Entre tanto diſcorria o pouo variamente ſem ſaber o que era, ainda que o rumor daua a entender a ver noui- dade no Reyno, como ja ſe tinha eſcrito dos Reynos de Sião, & Cambaia por dito dos Olandeſes, que referirão a alguns noſſos, que ahi inuernarão, tinhamos Rey em Portugal, nomeando ao Duque de Bragança, mas porque as nouas erão vindas por eſta via ſempre ficou lugar de ſe duuidar de hũa couſa não eſperada, venceo porem o impoſſiuel da credulidade, a certeza da fé humana, quan- do Antonio Fialho Ferreira, ſe deſcubrio em junta, e ti- rou das cartas que trazia do Viſorrei do eſtado entregues a elle por Diogo Mendes de Britto, Embaixador em Bata- uia, com outras muytas cartas de particulares, que trazia do Reyno, leõe a copia da de ſua Mageſtade pera eſta ci- dade com a fé do Secretario do eſtado da India, & foy tal o aluoroço com a publicidade da noua, que a muytos fez romper o decoro, que a grauidade poem naquelles aquem annos, e prudencia faz reſpeitar. Aceitarão os ſe- nhores do Governo Capitão geral, e mais junta a noua, como vinda do Ceo, e ſe ſogeitarão a obediencia del Rey noſſo Senhor: ſem ſerem neceſsarias mais juntas, nem con- ſelhos comprindo á riſca, ſem diſcrepar hum ponto do- doque ſua Mageſtade lhes ordenaua por ſua carta de Mar- ço de 1641. {{PAGE:7}} [Page 209] [Texto Principal] Câmara, capitão geral, & mais pessoas, se recolherão já alta na noite para suas casas. Amanheceu o dia seguinte; tornarão a ajuntar-se na casa da Câmara os do magistrado, & logo tratarão de que os principais se assinassem em hum termo, que para este efeito se offereceu de obediência a El-Rei nosso Senhor, como em efeito se assinarão todos os que foram chamados, & consultando nas demonstrações públicas dividas a semelhante acção, assentarão le jurarão a El-Rei nosso Senhor. Houve muytos lumes, & fogos por toda a Cidade, começando do dia do Espírito Sancto até o domingo da Trindade, dia determinado para o juramento d’El-Rei, e Príncipe herdeiro Dom Theodósio, depois do qual ordenarão se fizesse hua procissão solene em acção de graças a Deos nosso Senhor, na qual se achasse alli Ecclesiásticos, Regulares, como seculares, e se defençerasse o Senhor no mesmo dia, pera o que se armasse a Sé com toda a pompa, e magestade; determinados dias em quarteis públicos pelo lugares, e ruas de maior concurso para touros, carreiras, máscaras, e disfarces; com que manifestasse o contentamento, e gosto da aceitação, que fizerão, e vassalagem que renderão ao Sereníssimo Rey DOM IOAM O IV. sendo mandado pelo capitão geral, e governo da cidade de Ioão Aranha de Pedroza, Sargento-Mor que foi della praça, capitão actual de infantaria, pera que com 50 soldados do presídio fosse fixar os dittos quarteis referidos pelos lugares apontados. Na entrada do mez de Junho, mandarão os do governo da cidade aleuantar o estandarte Real com as Quinas do Reyno em várias partes, e lugares públicos; esteue a casa da Câmara com janelas abertas, hum gião com as armas Reays, pera fóra dellas lançado com hum terno de charamelas; estaua de auifo o capitão geral D. {{PAGE:8}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] da Silueira, o qual mandou ajuntar o prefilio todo no forte de S. Paulo, e descubrir a artilharia de todos os postos, e baluartes desta praça, que he a melhor, e mais bem fundada de toda quanta Sua Magestade tem em seus estados, muita em quantidade fundida por Manoel Tavares Bocarro, aqui casado, e morador muito perito, & perfeito na arte; fez-se final a força de S. Paulo com caixas, pifáros, capitãens, soldados, e artilheiros repartidos por seus postos, e todos a ponto, disparou a artilharia, e moquetaria com tal ordem, que parecia hum esquadraõ bem formado em guerra capaz, sendo muitas as salvas, e vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor, & respondeu a cada salva por toda a cidade os sinos das Igrejas, e torres com repiques, e harmonia de charamelas, que se tocavam na casa da Câmara, de modo que pulavão os coraçoens de prazer, e alegria não cabendo em si de puro contentamento, e gosto por hum Rey melhor, que Trajano, e mais feliz, que Augusto, desejado, & amado de todos em partes tão remotas, e distantes; até aqui este dia. Entrando o dia de Espírito Santo acenderam-se muitos fogos, e luminarias não só pela muralha do forte de S. Paulo sobre os lanços delle, por mandado do capitão geral, casa do governo da cidade, mas também pelas janelas das ruas, torres, e altos dos conventos dos Religiosos, e esmerandose muitos, e curiosos em epígrafes, emblemas, e geroglíficos, que a luz clara das luminarias fazia avultar, e aparecer a todos, os que com curiosidade correrão nas noites do octavário às praças, e ruas desta cidade, e em particular no frontespício da Igreja do Colégio da Companhia de Jesus pelos frisos della, e capitéis das columnas traçado por architectura com grande primor, e arte de obra mixta, Dórica, Coríntia, e Romana. {{PAGE:9}} [Page 210] [Texto Principal] Senhor, que ficava em pé na principal janela do coro fo- bre leis de graos com doze línguas nas extremidades del- les lançando pela boca língua de fogo, espada na mão direita com o estandarte na esquerda, e as armas do Rey- no pelos dous lados esquerdo e direito appareciaõ as leis provincias de Portugal com as cidades de cada Pro- vincia com seus letreiros, que as declaravão, cuja vifta e coruscidade fez sahir de casa a muytas pessoas pelas noi- tes cujo estado he a almofada, e estado, agou em parte esta vifta a muyta copia de agoa com que o Ceo acco- rdio estes dias acompanhada de alguns pés de vento, que rompeo e desbaratou os fogos e lumes, que pareciaõ con- petir com as estrellas do firmamento, mas não os brios e animo de quem com desejo infaceavel tornava de novo a refazer o que a inclemencia do tempo desfazia. Nestes dias, que correraõ do Espírito S. até à Trinida- de, mandaraõ os do governo da cidade fabricar hũ thea- tro largo e espaçozo, que pela parte superior ficava cu- berto de velas brancas brincado em roda, pelos lados de peçaria de fina seda, entretecidas com lacaria de en- carnado e branco com outras muytas de ouro e azul, que o tornavaõ hũa floresta e jardim matizado de varias cores, ficava esta obra encostada às paredes do patio da casa da camara, que olhaõ por toda a rua direita até S. Domin- gos espaço grande e largo pelos dous lados, direito e es- querdo janellas, que a descobrem no meyo do theatre, e costas fe poz hum docel rico onde se viaõ as armas reaes e como no Domingo da Trindade não deffe lugar o tempo ao juramento del Rey nosso Senhor dilatou-se até 20. {{PAGE:10}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] panos, e toalhas, e nelles caftiçoes de prata com suas vel- las de cera branca, os quaes ficauão debaixo do docel em hum delles collocados o ceptro, e coroa, no outro huma Cruz grande de prata com hũ Christo do mefmo metal, tudo obra de Alemanha de lauor de rede meuda aberto ao boril com feu missal aberto, Na tarde defte dia, ou pera melhor dizer no pino do Sol do meyo dia pouco antes das doze delle defceu o Ca- pitão Geral do Monte entre duas numerofas fileiras de foldados de moquetaria, e arcabuzaria, Capitaens, e of- ficiaes, entrou no theatro nefta forma, chegarão logo os do governo da cidade, o governador do Bispado, e Eccle- fiasticos, regulares, e feculares com muyros outros no- bres, fidalgos, e caualleiros das ordens militares morado- res nefta cidade, affentouffe o Capitão Geral na primeira cadeira á parte efquerda do docel e altar, feguioffe logo o Governador do Bispado, os Vereadores, Lionel de Soyza de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, e Dom Ioão Pereira, logo os Juizes ordinarios, Christouão Soares Coelho, Manoel Bernardes, procurador, Marcos Rabello de Almeida, e effcriuão da Camara Iacome de Moraes Pereira, fez final hum terno de charamellas, o effcriuão da Camara pofto em pè foy andando pera a parte direi- ta do altar, onde ficaua o missal aberto, e logo o Capitão Geral alauantado fe foy pera o mefmo lugar, ajoelhados em terra diante do Crucifixo, o effcriuão da Camara tirou de hum papel no qual eftaua effcrira a forma do juramē- to, e em alta voz, e intelligiuel dos circumftantes a hya lendo ao Capitão Geral, que ten lo a mão direita fobre o missal aberto a repedia pella m:ma forma, acabado de jurar fe tornou o Capitão Geral ao feu affento, feguioffe o Governador do Bispado que em nome de toda a no- breza do clero jurou a el Rey noffo Senhor pella mefma forma [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] `x. {{PAGE:11}} [Page 211] [Texto Principal] form, que o Capitão Geral, logo depois o Governador João Bispado jurou Lionel de Soyza de Lima Vereador, e ouvidor actual, logo se seguirão Pero Cordeiro de Mel- o, Dom João Pereira, Vereadores, depois os Juízes ordi- nários, & mais officiaes: procurador, e escrevão da Cama- ra; jurarão alem dos referidos os superiores das religiões com mais algumas pessoas principaes da nobreza, huns, e outros vestidos ricamente de peçaria, e ouro com muy- ta joia, nos quaes se via hũa cidade de Reys, tão lustro- sos se mostrarão nesta acção de honrras por el Rey nos- so Senhor seus vassallos, e nobre governo desta cidade. Acabado o juramento de fidelidade, e obediencia a el Rey nosso Senhor (ahy) no theatro hũa folia dos estu- dantes das escolas da Companhia de Jesus, que seus me- stres ensaiarão, & apparelharão para este dia, os quaes com galhardia, e bizarria entrarão no theatro, e nelle dã- çaram, e foliarão com tanta graça, & arte, q podião com- petir com os bem destros do Reyno, foy a letra. Se Portugal com Castella, Nunca ja foy bem cazado, Com João vina apartado, Vina vina a pezar della. E todos os mais pés rematauão com este final; logo q acabaraõ, disparou a artilharia, & mosquetaria da foida- delca posta por ordem na rua direita, depois do que fa- zio o procurador da Cidade Marcos Rabello de Almei- da, que em vozes altas disse: Ouui, ouui, estai atento, & lo- go o Escrevão da Camara Jacome de Moraes Pereira ac- clamou pella mesma forma em voz levantada: Viva, Viva, por el Rey DOM JOÃO O IV. de Portugal, com outras palavras conforme ao foral da Cidade. {{PAGE:12}} [Page 52] [Texto Principal] na mão o estendarte Real, com que posto no primeiro degrao do theatro aclamou em voz alta, viva el Rey D. João o IV. viva, repetindo o povo as mesmas palavras pela mesma forma, que um, e outro continuou até a Ca- thedral acompanhado do governo secular, e Ecclesiás- tico, aonde o clero com o Governador do Bispado entoa- rão em voz alta o Te Deum laudamus, em acção de graças; depois do que saíram da Cathedral, & correrão o Capitão Geral, e governo da cidade as principaes ruas della com as mesmas repetiçoens de vivas, e tão pera ver as janellas da rua direita ornadas, e cheas de muitas senhoras, e muito nobres de todos os estados em dotas, e partes natu- raes, igualmente parecidas às de Europa, as quaes por si faziam húa Corte concorrendo nas demonstraçoens de festa com igual vontade, e affecto às honras de sua Ma- jestade, como se fossem nascidas na gema, e melhor do Reyno, alcançando bem o muito que lhes importava sua conservaçaõ nesta distancia de terras, e longe do mundo o Reynado de el Rey nosso Senhor que Deos prospere felizes annos. Sabbado 21. de Iunho fe desenrolou o Senhor na Sé pella menha, cantou a Missa o Governador do Bispado, & pregou o Padre Fr. Pedro de S. {{PAGE:13}} [Page 212] [Texto Principal] faixas de ouro lançadas de alto abaixo pelos lados, o tecto & columnas da Igreja tudo brincado de peças várias de encarnado & branco, enlaçadas com voltas & rosetas por tal ordem, que competia com um jardim de flores & boninas pela diversidade que representava a armação, na qual fez efemarão os do governo concorrendo com todo o gasto della, & de mais dias, música, féria & para todas as mais acções de ostentação concernentes a festas reais por todo o tempo que durarão. {{PAGE:14}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] das duas Magestades divina, & humana. Ordenada a pro- cissão, o Governador do Bispado com a custódia do SANCTIS- SIMO SACRAMENTO nas mãos debaixo de hum rico pallio, o Capitão geral, & governo da cidade, com suas va- ras detrás dele, Ecclesiásticos, Regulares, & seculares com capas, & sobrepelizes, sahio da Cathredal correndo pelas ruas principaes, nomeio dos Ecclesiásticos danças com instrumentos musicos, hũ carro triumphal varia mente or- nado de finas sedas, & nelle huã figura viva, que represen- tava a pessoa del Rey nosso Senhor, com ceptro na mão, & coroa na cabeça acompanhada de quatro figuras, repre- sentativas de quatro virtudes, Justiça, Misericórdia, Pie- dade, & temor de Deos, diante della em quatro cavallos quatro figuras vivas, que manifestavam ser as quatro par- tes do mundo, diante das quaes hia a Fama a cavallo com o estendarte das armas Reaes, que depois da volta, que fes a procissão pella forma referida à porta da Sé [desceo do cavallo, & subio ao carro triumphal, que parado à por- ta principal ficou à vista do SANCTISSIMO SACRAMEN- TO, & em sua presença fes hũa falla a el Rey, pedindolhe guardasse Justiça, Misericórdia, Piedade, & temor de Deos da parte das mesmas virtudes, ao que respondeo faria o que lhe dissessem, no que mostraram os Religiosos de S. Do- mingos, que sahirão com este carro triumphal, & os de S. Agostinho, com suas danças, não pouco affecto ao Sere- níssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IV. Alem de que no octauario em que continuaram com luminarias em seus Conuen- tos, & torres se deixavam ouvir muitas, & boas vozes de cantores, que com instrumentos musicos suspendiam co- raçoens. Com esta procissão se poz termo neste dia. No seguinte que foraõ 22. {{PAGE:15}} [Page 213] [Texto Principal] Forte de S. Paulo, com toda a ordem militar, ficando na retaguarda posto a cavallo em corpo entre dous foldados e seu serviço, que o acompanhavão a cavallo, hum com bastão, outro com o escudo das armas dos Lobos & Sil- veiras; a foldadefca muy lustrofa, correo as ruas, praças publicas, terreiros dos conventos, & subio pellas escadas de S. Paulo, Collegio da Companhia de Jesus, na mefma for- ma por serem as mais bem lançadas facens de subir. Des- arregou o tempo nesta tarde ao entrar pella Igreja do Collegio da Companhia, que obrigou aos foldados a se re- colherem nella, atirando, & frafqueado sem cessar, [a qual e toda pello tecto, choro, columnas, & areo da capella nõr dourada, & obrada de meyo releuo com pinturas pel- las paredes, & imagens em proporçaõ terminadas com columnas, prejis, ramos de tintas de encarnado, ouro, & azul em tal perfeiçaõ, que vece na fermofura às boas de Europa. Não foi baftante a muyta copia de agoa para ti- rar ao Capitão geral as coftumadas acclamaçoens de vi- tas a el Rey nosso Senhor, sendo o primeiro que as apre- goava em voz muy levantada com repetiçoens dos que levava consigo no presidio, como nem taõ pouco a Com- panhia em as festejar, com muitos repiques de sinos, que se deixavaõ ouvir por toda a cidade, e em outras muytas occafoens com grandes vêutagens, como taõ obrigada aos Reys de Portugal, & Casa de Bragança, aquem fem- pre trouxeraõ no coração, & na alma entranhados. Tor- nou o Capitão geral a voltar pellas ruas, chegou a S. Do- mingos onde lhe repicaraõ os sinos, depois do q fe reti- rou pera o monte dando hum claro testemunho de ſua fi- delidade, & obediencia em tudo o que o repo deu lugar de significação de gofto pella nova do Seteniffimo Rey Dom Ioam o IV. de Portugal. Dia de S. {{PAGE:16}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] direita à vista de muitos palanques, janelas, que nela há via muita aparência com alcifas, & redes tecidas de agu- lha, ocupadas de muita nobreza de todos os seteirados co- m a assistência do Governo da cidade, & Capitão geral em seu palanque; carreiras de cavalo, em que entraram dos melhores gineteiros da terra, correram a manilha, em que alguns se aventejaram na facilidade, & segurança, com- que a levavam; no fim das quais se dividiram em duas fi- leiras, cada uma com seu capitão que as guiava; fizeram as voltas em caracol, acometendo cada qual a seu contrário, entrando, & saindo com toda a bizarria sem se encon- trarem, nem embaraçarem, sendo que pode acontecer a- inda aos muito destros no correr de cavalo; acção foi es- tamuito para ver pela gente de cavalo vir muito aparato- sa, & ricamente vestida; aquela levou consigo o dia da tarde toda; deixando ao povo satisfeito, & cheo de alegria com alívio do trato, que o entendimento costuma dar á- quelles, que com cuidado discursão nos meyos por onde o remedio, & conservação de suas pessoas lhes mostra difi- culdades, & impossíveis. Amanheceu o dia seguinte 25. do mês, que cahio em quarta feira, para a qual os do Governo da cidade manda- ram vir touros de hũa das aldeias, aqui vizinhas, os melho- res que se puderaõ achar; fez-se o corro na rua direita à vis- ta da casa da Câmara, por ser a principal no corpo da ci- dade capaz, & muy larga para festas; assistiram os do Ma- gistrado com o Capitão geral. {{PAGE:17}} [Page 214] [Texto Principal] nas feitas, & posto que algũs que acometerão o touro & lhe ficaram debaixo das pontas nam ouue perigo no- tavel de que se seguisse morte. Na tarde de 27. do mes de Iunho, que foy feyra, fez a gente da terra de hum dos bairros, que chamam do Campo, que são homens nascidos nella & fem mistura de sangue Portuguez, sua pauomada de mosquetaria, & arca- buzaria com seus Capitaens, Alferes, ajudante, & Sargen- to, que era gosto dever pella destreza, & exercicio, q tem de armas de fogo em tal forma, que lhe não escapa hum passarinho por pequeno que seja, que nam mate com pi- louro, onde mais se mostra a segurança com que atiram, vinham muy bem vestidos de sedas, plumas, & medalhas, & só lhes faltava nam serem as feiçoens do rofto dos de Europa, sendo affi que nos brios, valor, & esforço pera a acometer quaesquer inimigos da naçam Portugueza são intrepidos, & animosos; correram as ruas da cidade com muyta ordẽ, & concerto de milicia, gouernados por seus capitaens subordinados ao Capitam Geral, aquem tocam as couzas de guerra, com o q fe acabou efte dia. O seguinte 28. do mefmo mes fe tornaram a correr touros, que na braveza, & ferocidade aventajada aos paſ- sados, podiam competir com os bons de Europa; a affiftên- cia do Governo, & pouo foy a mefma. Sahyrão no corro por mandado do Capitam Geral, alguns soldados com suas mascaras, & forçados; alguas fortes lhe fizeram, mas como o primeiro que no corro fe lançou os puzeffe em aperto, dandofelhe pouco de tudo o que achaua diante pello perigo, que podia acontecer, foy jarretando, & ex- postos aos moffos de serviço que com pelle o foram cor- tado em postas, sendo para elles o dia de particular festa, em que por sorte lhe cabe leuar cada hũ seu pedaço pa- ra caza. {{PAGE:18}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] mirar nos nossos dias aquelles que se aventuraram em fortes, tourejando, ficando neste rememorada esta pública de- monstração. Em 29. do mês fez a gente da terra do bairro de S. Lou- renço sua panonada com a mesma galhardia, que a passa- da do bairro do Campo, & ainda, que o dia acudiu com al- gumas pancadas de água grossa, com tudo deu o tempo lu- gar, para que não ficasse frustrada sem sahir à luz, & com o gosto augurado de gente, que ainda que humilde fe- stejava de coração a nova do Reynado del Rey nosso Se- nhor animados com ella a poderem sahir das oppreſ- sões das nações de Europa, que lhes impediam o navegar despindo aos que tomavam do remédio, que com muito trabalho, & fora de seu rosto, aqueriam com o trato das terras dos Reynos vizinhos para onde se embarcavam. Até aqui as festas do mês de Junho, ficando em silêncio, músicas, instrumentos, vivas, & aclamações, que pelas noites, que o tempo deu lugar, se ouviam pelas ruas de muitas pessoas nobres, estudantes, moços, q as gastavam em semelhantes demonstrações bem dignas de todo o agradecimento em terras tão remotas, & apartadas, onde esperanças de montar não tem lugar de tomar forças em- pedir, nem confianças em lograr mercês, mas somente o interesse de festejar absente a hum Rey, que não pode ter presente. Entrado o mês de Julho, dia de Santa Izabel, sobre atarde lá pelas quatro horas, os mestres das escolas da Companhia de Jesus, ajudados muitos dos estudantes del- las, seus discípulos, estão já prevenidos com enfayos, & fizeram per si hũa companhia de capitães, & soldados, & deram hũa panonada, sahindo de fresco de hũas grandes árvores umbrias, junto à Igreja do Collegio da Companhia de Jesus ao som de hũ repique de sinos, cõ caixas, pi- faros [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] {{PAGE:19}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:20}} [Page 214] [Texto Principal] & apparatosos, estavão preparados dous nauios no patio o magistrado cubertos de lacaria de cores com rozas, os quaes se mouio sobre quatro rodas, cada hum com in- strumentos músicos, & cantores dos melhores da terra, & de vozes es, & excellentes, bufcaráce pera esta emcamizada muytas tochas, & brandões de cera branca, que lhe não faz ventagem a bem curada, & laurada do Reyno, q serião em numero quinhentas pouco mais, & acezas em maõs dos criados, sobirão a cauallo todos veftidos rica- mente, puzerão se por ordem as parelhas fora jà do patio da Camara em direitura a Sancto Agostinho, nauios co músicos, & instrumentos em seu lugar com muyta gente para tirarem por elles, na dianteira desta emcamizada hia Pero Cordeiro de Mello, Vereador mais velho, fustê- tando na mão esquerda o estandarte real; veftido á mou- rifca com seu capilar, & barrete vermelho cuberto de muytas joyas de grande preço, & valia, diamantes, robins, esmeraldas, perolas, & aljofar, cauallo accubertado falpi- cado de argentaria de prata; Dom Ioão Pereira com Li- onel de Souza de Lima, ambos fidalgos, de qualidade Ve- readores com seus capilares, veftidos á mourifca de en- carnado, & ouro, barretes com muytas perolas, & diamantes em cauallos accubertados semeados de argentaria de fi- na prata. {{PAGE:21}} [Page 216] [Texto Principal] dos com falpiques de argentaria: logo seguião Francisco Carvalho Aranha, fidalgo, & Vasco Barbosa de Mello, pessoa de muita qualidade, com suas marlotas, vestidos à mourisca com seus capilares de peças de ouro, & carmesim, os barretes guarnecidos de pedraria varia com muitas pérolas; & aljoar em cavalos acobertados guarnecidos de argentaria: hão depois desta parelha, António da Costa Benuchio, & João da Costa Beauchio; ambos irmãos, & fidalgos, vestidos de calças largas imperiais de verde, & preto alardeados de prata batida com gorras, ou chapéus de abas curtas, & enroscados à antiga, cavalos acobertados cubertos de argentaria, logo se seguião Domingos Maciel de Aguiar, auditor, que foy da armada real de alto-bordo, com Nuno Álvares Botelho, no mar da Índia, & depois ouvidor nesta cidade cavaleiro professo do hábito de Cristo, com Cristóvão de Mello, & seu filho Gaspar de Mello, fidalgos, vestidos à mourisca de carmesim, & ouro, a guarnição dos barretes etão muitos diamantes, rubis, pérolas, & aljoar em seus cavalos acobertados femeados de argentaria, entrão logo D. {{PAGE:22}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] de encarnado, & prata, com certas roupas largas brácas, de mangas até o meyo braço, com seu capilar ao uso dos nobres de Polonia, barretes guarnecidos de muita pedraria, com colares de prata em cavallos acobertados com falpiques de argentaria; no couço iam Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho, & António Fialho Ferreira, ambos cunhados, fidalgos, & cavalleiros profeffos do hábito de Christo, vestidos à mourisca com seus capilares, de peça de encar- nado, barretes guarnecidos com muita joia, diamantes, robins, pérolas, & aljofar em cavallos acobertados che- ios de argentaria de prata com espadas forradas de ou- ro, & prata, o que tudo realçava, & avultava pelos mu- tos lumes tão aparatosos, & magestosos, que se deixarão ver nesta acção estes nobres senhores do governo, com os mais cavalleiros, & pessoas de qualidade, referidas, todos vassallos de hum Rey, cuja fama nunca acabará na me- moria dos homens. Não faltou nesta impreza o Capitão Geral Dom Seba- stião Lobbo da Silveira, desceu do forte do monte, a pé, vestido à mourisca de hũa peça rica, de ouro, & azul, seu barrete vermelho na cabeça ornado variamente, levando pelas ruas diante de si, cem soldados arcabuzeiros, & quinhenta tochas acesas de cera branca, & em vozes altas acclamava com vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor Dom Ioão o IIII. Rompendo em chusma com altas vozes todo o companhamento: «Viva, viva, o Rey Dom Ioão o IIII. {{PAGE:23}} [Page 217] [Texto Principal] ia de vozes, & instrumentos se tangia, & cantava com numeroso povo, que a seguia, tornando a noite em claro dia os muitos lumes dos braseiros, & tochas, que se acenderam, quando foi pelas três antes da manhã, seguinte, se recolheram os do magistrado com muitos de sua companhia ao pátio da casa do governo da cidade, onde tinham havido pela ordem referida, & da hy para as casas, & posso affirmar sem encarecimento, que nas cortes dos Reys de Europa se não podia fazer melhor acomodação em reconhecimento de Príncipes, & Mo- narchas, como foy esta, Em festejo do mês de Julho, foy o sucesso de hũa máscara, & disfarce tal dos nobres mancebos naturaes desta cidade, que em número faziam cento & vinte, entrando ella alguns do Reyno que não fei se houue nelles a co- nfiança com que se esmerarão, se a vontade liberal com que se despenderão, mostrando em tudo o langue, & tra- je de pais, & avós Portuguezes, de quem herdaram os bios, liberalidade, amor, & affecto, com todo o encareci- mento possivel pera com el Rey nosso Senhor, porque to- mam lo sobre sy dia pera sua demonstração, fizerão com intento com tanta ordem, & concerto no lustre, & bri- lharia della, tão varia em trajes de nações, que fez pas- sar a muitos no realce da galhardia por fora a pé, & de cavalo. Saliu esta de Junho a S. {{PAGE:24}} [Page 86] [Texto Principal] dos com grande apparato de chamaos, ou cabajas, que tem algũa semelhança com as roupas largas dos da se- nhoria de Veneza, cubertos de folha de ouro & prata, q pella fineza dos vestidos superiores reluzia, & os torna- ua magestosos, barretes & carapuças semelhantes às dos letrados da China, com orelhas feitas de peças de feda, duas grandes chapas aleuantadas em alto pelo meyo, es- critas de letras finicas, diuisão da preheminençia de ca- da mandarim, abanos nas mãos, costume antigo dos Chinas, muytos vppos, que respondem a homens de gna- da, com bambus largos, que fazem os com que os mandarins mandam açoutar & castigar aos delinquentes, tangiao Chinas naturaes aqui dos Mandarins vizinhos, charame- las a seu modo, batejas com outros instrumentos, que fer- uem quando algum mandarim vay fora, de lembrar ao pouo miudo, se recolha & esconda, com grande vozeria dos que o acompanhaõ, o que tudo lhe faz conceber grande respeito & medo, para que nenhum China do pouo appareça. {{PAGE:25}} [Page 218] [Texto Principal] & lauores de ouro, tudoens na cabeça ornados, que façõ chapeos à feição dos que se fazem de folha de palma, destes desciaõ certos enfiados de flocos de papel vermelho & branco, cortado com toda a fineza, que cabiaõ até os hombros, o que tudo os tornaua muyto ayrosos & aprazíveis; frautas violas de três cordas, rabequinhas ao seu modo, que tocavam com outros instrumentos, & faziam não pouca consonância; abanos nas mãos direitas abertos, que mancavam ao dançar com muyto ar & graça; suas catanas na cinta, Bunguios, que façõ meirinhos ao seu modo, que os governavam nesta acção festiual, ficando todos os que nellas punhão os olhos cheios de espírito, em que não tem pouca parte o porteiro da Câmara João Rodrigues, Jappam de nação, a petição da cidade, que lhe rogou, quisesse ajuntar os Jappões retidos. {{PAGE:26}} [Page 815] [Texto Principal] guarnecida de muyta pedraria, & varia: diamantes, rubis, esmeraldas, pérolas, & aljofar; & parece que o cavallo fe escolheo de proposito para esta figura Del Rey nosso Senhor Dom Ioão o IIII., o qual com notauel brio fremouia, atraueffando por entre as fileiras & ruas, de modo, q se via o rofto da mefma figura por todas as partes dos lados, em que o pouo eftaua parado nas ruas, para ver affiftindo a efta mafcarа muytas peffoas, affi do gouerno publico como particulares pellas janellas, que pellos muytos lumes & brandoens de cera apparecia, & anultaua com grande magnificencia & grandeza; pondoffe Christãos & Gentios pellas ruas em montões pasmados do que nunca viram. Chegou efta mafcarа, que fe principiou em São Francisco, ao taboleiro da Igreja do Collegio da Companhia de Iefus, onde fizeram as danças, que leuauam; & entre eftas fahyo hũa folia com tambor, címbalos & pandeiros feyta por mancebos eftudantes & feculares, de vozes tam bem concertados, que podia fem inca-recimento apparecer nas cortes de Europa, fem ventage das que nellas fe podem fazer; tocando o tambor hum eftudante do patio da Companhia de Iefus, filho de hum dos Vereadores defte anno, Lionêl de Souza de Lyma, que o tocava com tanto ar & graça, que cauzaua admiraçam; o melmo fizeraõ à vifta dos Religiofos todos da terra, & em outras partes mais; no que gaftaram a noite inteira, recolhendofe pellas quatro da menhia do dia seguinte. Em 10. de Iulho houve touros na rua direita á vifta de todo efte pouo, que leuaram toda a tarde do dia com affiftencia da cidade & Capitão Geral; porem fegundo a ferocidade, que delles fe publico, auendo quem queria a cavallo fazerlhes alguas fortes, para o que a cidade os mandou vir, não agradaram ao pouo auendo fido muy froxos. {{PAGE:27}} [Page 219] [Texto Principal] frozos, por engano dos Chinos, que os tinhaõ abonado, com grande encarecimento. E logo no seguinte dia 11. do mês pediraõ os moços dos Portugueses do bairro de S. Lourenço licença pera fazerem com sua paupnada, que lhes foi concedido, pera o que se vestirão os mais delles de carmefim, valendo-se das armas, tambores, mosquetes, arcabuzes de seus senhores, que pello não descontentar & quererem tambem apparecer nestas festas del Rey nosso Senhor, foy necessario condescender com elles, con- correndo a cidade com apoluora, como o tem feito, & faz em todas as occasiões semelhantes. Correrão as ruas, chegarão à Rua Direita, puzeraõ-se nella por ordem a vista da casa da Câmara, Capitão ajudante, alferes, & far gen- to, que os governava; levauão diante hũa trombeta bastar- da, que tocava hum delles com muyta graça. Na retaguarda ficaua hum cafre dos Religiosos da Companhia, que representaua a algum dos Reys da costa de Melinde, ou Mombaça, vestido com suas forras de seda, que dos hom- bros em cruz lhe desciaõ até a cinta com suas rozas feitas da mesma matéria, & cor de encarnado; na cabeça hum fendal carmefim amarrado com muyta pena de galo, & sobiao pero cima da friza do cabello; seu arco com fre- chas, que lhe trazião dous moços, que o acompanhauão pellos lados; hum pano faraça da cinta pera baixo, até meia perna, pés descalços, & abertos em duas fileiras, com os rostos virados huns pera os outros. Ao final dos tambo- res, & pifanos, derão tres faluas, abatendo o Alferes a ba- ndeira as armas Reaes, que ficarão no portal do patio da Ca- mara, pera fora, & olhão pera a Rua Direita no fim das qua- dros, em vozes altas aclamaraõ com vivas ao Rey nosso Senhor, pera que com verdade se possa escreuer, que nes- ta cidade, não ficou estado nenhum, de pessoas, que não mostrasse particular alegria nesta merce tão afinalada. {{PAGE:28}} [Page 2] [Texto Principal] que Deus fez ao Reyno, & coroa de Portugal, com a pef- foa delRey noffo Senhor Dom Ioão o IV., a quem roga- mos feja por largos annos a extensão da vida. Em 16. do mes de Iulho, os Senhores do Governo, cõ o Capitão geral Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira, man- darão lançar hum bando, com tambores, & pifanos, acõ- panhado de alguns officiaes, & soldados do presídio, pel- lo qual ordenarão, que todos os Portuguezes com seus fi- lhos, que não tinham ainda affinado o termo da obedien- cia a elRey noffo Senhor, o fossem affinar à casa da Ca- mara. Este zelo, & cuidado ouve nestes nobilíssimos vaf- falos, pera que nenhum ficasse de fóra do termo, que por assento se tinha estendido, quando logo chegou a nova do Reynado delRey noffo Senhor; antes porque no prin- cipio hum cidadão honrado, casado, que foi & morador que he nesta cidade, galego de nação, que muitos annos avia servido pela coroa de Castella, & tinha vindo aqui de Manila em socorro, por ajudante, com Dom Fernando da Silva, sargento maior daquella praça, & Governa- dor da gente de guerra, q no anno dos Olandezes mandou a esta de Philippinas D. Alonço Fajardo, mostrou algũa difficuldade em affinar o dito termo, levado ao que pare- ce de algum escrúpulo do juramento de obediencia, que tinha dado a elRey Phelippe, estando em Manila, pera onde agora pretendia fazer mudança; os do Governo da Cidade, o prenderão, & mandarão fazer delle entrega ao Capitão geral, que o teue na força de S. Paulo, carre- gado de ferros, pera exemplo dos mais, donde foy solto depois, por acharem, que o escrúpulo apontado, foy, o q metteo nesse aperto, & não porque quizeffe negar a obe- diencia a elRey noffo Senhor, & eximir-se de vassalo seu, como quem tinha adquirido domicilio por casado, & por Vereador, que avia sido nesta cidade, mostrando a verda- [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] P. {{PAGE:29}} [Page 220] [Texto Principal] verdade do que aponto em fé achar no juramento del- Rey, & jurar de lhe obedecer. Estes forão os quilates do animo singular, estes os brios, com que esta cidade com o Capitão geral quizeraõ manifestar ao mundo, o quanto lhe desagradou ainda hũa acção fundada em se- melhante escrúpulo, o que bastou pera ter mão nos que por algum respeito podião impugnar o que a Magesta- de del Rey Dom Ioam o IV. ordenaua, & man- daua a esta cidade, fazendo a público com tantas aclamaço- ẽs, & vivas, que até as crianças de peito, que mal pronun- cião pay, & mãy, diziaõ nos colos das amas: «Viva el Rey Dom Ioam o IV.» Em 20. do mesmo mês de Iulho farião a luz os Religi- ozos de São Domingos, & Santo Agostinho, com hũa companhia de sincoenta estudantes, entre grandes, & pe- quenos de suas escolas, que por não ter cada religião des- tas número bastante pera tomar seu dia, & festejar ao el- Rey nosso Senhor, foy necessária auer esta união das du- as escolas de seus conventos. Fizerão muy bem vestidos à foldadefca, com todo o lustre, apparato, & ordem, esco- lhendo pera o governo della os melhores, & mais bem agestados mancebos, que trafião. {{PAGE:30}} [Page 655] [Texto Principal] douro meyas de cor de fina ceda, tudo acomodado aos annos, estatura & proporção de corpos muyto para notar, recolherão-se tarde & já de noite, porque como mácebos que de ordinario andam acomprida, tem poucas vezes occasião de se mostrarem com semelhante gala, dando lugar aos brios da idade, nascidos do fervor do sangue, incitados por seus mestres, que os doutrinaram nesta disciplina militar. Nem faltou nestas demonstrações publicas, qua ainda que particular, se mostrasse tão Portuguez quanto generozo de animo no celebrar com festas a noua de tanto gofto, depois que o governo publico da cidade se resolveo a reduzir à obediencia del Rey nosso Senhor Dom IOAM o IIII., como se tem visto deste diario, ou relação: foy este Francisco Carvalho Aranha, cidadão nobre & fidalgo por seus merecimentos & partes, pessoa bem conhecida, q por devoto & mordomo do São Portugues, aquem deuemos os naturaes tantas & tão manifestas obrigaçoens pello Rey, que o Ceo nos confirmou com hum tão potentozo milagre & tão notorio, à vista de sua caza quiz mostrar seu animo grandiozo em festejar seu dia com touros & premios de preço à noua da ACCLAMAC,AM & Reynado do novo Rey, pera que melhor forte fizesse, pondo em publico carteis, que assi o manifestauam, mandando aleuantar no terreiro de Santo Antonio hum estendarte real aruorado sobre o alto de hum mastro dourado & nelle hum titullo que dizia: A Dom IOAM o IIII. {{PAGE:31}} [Page 221] [Texto Principal] Por Dom Ioam o IV. Nosso miraculoso Rey, Com esta o defenderei, E por elle morrerei. Concorrendo com os mais nas luminárias, que houve por todo o octavário, que a cidade apontou, & porque a fortuna de enveja para lhe augou em parte o gosto, descarregando no dia do Santo com água a cântaros, dilatou-se para o dia de Corpus Christi, autorizando esta acção festiva o Governo da cidade & Capitão Geral, que se acharam presentes ao correr dos touros, dando por prémios peças de ouro & seda de valia aos que nas forças se aventuraram, que foram alguns soldados Portugueses do serviço do Capitão Geral, que os obrigou a saír ao corro na ocasião, além das patacas, que o dito Francisco Carvalho Aranha deu a outras pessoas de menos qualidade, que nela fizeram também suas forças, acabando-se o dia com gosto particular do povo, que a elles se achou presente. Nem tão pouco faltou o Santo Português com a satisfação de pequenos serviços aos moradores desta cidade, porque dando tudo por perdido o que está na Manila, recheio de dois navios, que por fim de Abril partirão desta cidade, aquém se fazem muitas rogativas & orações, julgando a maior parte deste povo, que o Governador das Philippinas Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Corcuera, tanto que tivesse notícia da mudança do Reino, com a pessoa do Rey nosso Senhor, mandaria fazer represália nas pessoas dos moradores & fazendas, confiscando-as para a Coroa; porém contra esta desconfiança nossa, acudiu o Santo, havendo já nova em Manila por Macaçar, Ternate & Cambaia, aonde chegou húa carta do Rey de Macaçar, escrita ao Governador de Manila, sendo desta porta— [Anotações marginais] (No canto inferior esquerdo, assinatura manuscrita parcialmente visível: [UNCLEAR: L. {{PAGE:32}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:33}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:34}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] Em oito de Agosto, pelo sucesso da paunada que o Capitão-Geral Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira fez em Junho, lhe sahyr auguado com grande copia de agoa. O tor nou ajuntar o presídio no forte de São Paulo, o qual em forma de esquadraõ sahyo marchando, descendo pelas escadas do monte, em direitura ao collegio da Companhia de Jesus, onde foy recebido com repiques de sinos; entrou pela porta principal da Igreja, & sahyo pela travessa ao terreiro de Santo António, & da hy veyo pela praia até chegar ao Convento de São Domingos, que tã bem o recebeo com seu repique de sinos; & parando a soldadesca à vista da casa da Câmara, posta por ordem por seus capitães & officiaes, deu cinco salvas abatendo a bandeira as armas reaes: a primeira fileira era de sete foldados; as mais vinham de cinco em cinco. Continha este esquadraõ muitos tambores, pifãos, & charamellas; os foldados vestidos variamente com galas de sedas excellentes, suas frotas & bandas a tiracolo, frascos & polvarinhos pendurados por cordões de seda, com plumeiros & medalhas de preço nos chapéos, chapados a modo de palanque — muitos dellas palheres forrados de carmezim, amarello & branco. Ao passar pelos conventos de Santo Agostinho, Sé, São Francisco, lhe repicaram os sinos; tornaram a voltar para o monte, onde o Capitão-Geral esteue à vista, & nelle deram fim à sua paunada, havendo tido bom sucesso, pela tarde estar de Sol & sem agoa, que tantos mezes continua; tudo em honra del Rey nosso Senhor. Calo outras muitas particularidades, que por não ser mais extenço & molesto referuo para outros o muito que me resta por dizer de semelhante materia. Em 10. de Agosto, fizerão os moços do corpo da cidade & Santo António sua paunada, que foi a última ac [Anotações marginais] [No topo, centro] - S.S.S. {{PAGE:35}} [Page 223] [Texto Principal] Cerimónia de feitas, que houve nesta cidade, em competência dos de S. Lourenço, que os senhores lhe concederão; & jun- taram-na na rua do hospital debaixo do forte do monte dõ de faião, sendo os officiaes da companhia dos mais exer- citados no atirar: puseram-na em ordem, sendo a primeira fileira de feis, & as mais de três, & de quatro, vinham elles muy bem vestidos de cores varias de seda, muytos com espadas, & catanas na cinta, ligas, meias, bandas, frascos, & poluarinhos, de modo, que com ferem moços se pôs em prática, que se ouvesse formar exercito em campa- nha, podiam ser de muyto effeito contra inimigos de na- ção Portugueza; levavam nesta companhia dous tambo- res com seus pifares, seu Capitão, dous alferes, hum ajudante, alguns com penachos nos chapéos, trançelins de ouro, & pedraria, cadeias de ouro, & prata, conforme as posses de seus senhores, abotoadura de prata, na reta- guarda quatro moços vestidos de veludo vermelho, & no último, & remate da companhia, hum Cãfre de Fra n- cisco Carvalho Aranha, fidalgo, & cidadão, vestido com seu pano Saraça de S. {{PAGE:36}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] falúas, & viúvas a el-Rey nosso senhor, acabou-se lhe a poluora, & não cessavão na continuação do marchar, com ser ja noite, a qual os fez recolher pera casa de seus senhores satisfeitos, & contentes do sucesso muyto para estimar em gente de semelhante qualidade; toda varia em naçoẽs deste Oriente: Cafres, Bengallas, Malauares, Bugues com outras muytas naçoẽs, que ficarão em silêncio. Estas foram as demonstraçoẽs publicas, com que os senhores do Magistrado, & mais pessoas desta Cidade fa- zerão a luz; estas as festas, & acclamaçoẽs divinas, com q nesta republica se celebrou a entrada, & posse no Rey de Portugal do invictíssimo Rey Dom Ioão o IV. A- quem a terra pera celebrar nome tão venturozo, andava em competencia, cada qual ascendendo não hũa tocha, mas muytas, não hum lume, mas muytas luminárias, & fo- gos; festejou o christão, festejou o gentio, o fidalgo, & no- bre, o escudeiro, & piam, como quem já se dá por seguro & livre do agrauos, & violencias, que na India, & seus es- tados experimentarão vassallos Portuguezes, que por lhes faltar Rey, vierão a ser captios, & prisioneiros, não só das naçoẽs de Europa, mas ainda das de todo este Oriente, perdendo as melhores, & mais rendozas praças, que nel- le possuirão aquelles primeiros, & famozos conquistadores, sendo, que nos tempos dourados, em que a India floreceo, tiravão della o melhor, & mais preciofo com ta- nhas enchentes de riquezas, que bastavão pera fazer a Por- tugal o mais rico de toda Europa; esta foi a que divertio as correntes della, pera Reynos estranhos, ficando a In- dia tão diminuida, & fraca em poder que a juizo dos me- lhores, não podia durar tres annos; a esta devemos attri- buir a falta de animo, & brio, que se vio com tantas venta- gens de proezas, & façanhas em nossos passados, de cujos ossos, & caveiras se puderaõ bem fabricar muros fortissi- mos [Anotações marginais] [No rodapé, à esquerda] -161 [No rodapé, ao centro] c. {{PAGE:37}} [Transcription failed: commentary detected] {{PAGE:38}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] de victorias, tudo esperamos do braço direito de Deus que lho deu todo, depois das chagas, pera o affegurar na posse, & conferuaçam de feu Reyno, Rey, que perfua- dindoo os feus não acabaua configo de tomar posse do Reyno, que tão de vontade se lhe offerecia, & deuia por direito, por imaginar, que o gouernar poem a espada na garganta, a lança no peito, a feta no coração, pois ainda quando honrado a todos, poem a vida em balança, que esta foi a reposta, que Apolonio deu ao Rey de Babilo- nia Cyro perguntandolhe o meyo pera Reynar seguro (Respondeo) a nenhum falteis com a honra, mas a pou- cos entregai vossa fé. Si multos honoraueris, paucis vero credi- deris. A estes leaes vassalos desta cidade de Macau, que nes- te anno tiverão o pezo do Governo desta republica fun- dada nos fins do mundo, tem sua Magestade obrigaçoens precisas de os honrar com merces auentejadas, foros, & liberdades, cargos illustres pella vontade, & animo libe- ral, com que se ouuerão na aceitaçam da noua, & obedi- encia a el Rey nosso Senhor, estando a cidade tão impor- tunidada, todos saõ pessoas de muyta calidad, huns por sua muyta fidalguia, outros por sua muyta nobreza, aven- do feruido na India, onde foraõ muytos delles Capitaes, & soldados, nas armadas do Reyno, & altobordo, & nes- ta occasião mostraraõ a fineza de seus quilates, pella dili- gencia, & breuidade com que derão comprimento ás or- dens del Rey nosso senhor, auendo perigo na dilação a respeito do rumor do povo, aquem se consultara pudera muy bem ser, & sem culpa sua, que ouuera muyta divi- saõ, auendo a pello remedio, que em Philippinas está dos moradores desta cidade, onde cada qual está com grande empenho de cabedal. Não fica em silencio o Capitão geral D. Sebastião Lobo [Anotações marginais] [No canto superior esquerdo] (Ilegível) [Carimbos] [Nenhum visível] [Assinaturas] [D. Sebastião Lobo] — assinatura parcialmente visível no final do texto principal, abaixo da linha "Não fica em silencio o Capitão geral D. {{PAGE:39}} [Page 225] [Texto Principal] do da Silveira, que além do muito, em que se mostrou vassallo verdadeiro & fiel a seu Rey, como fidalgo por sangue & partes dos Lobos & Silveiras, fez muitos gastos estando empenhado & indivíduado, porque entrando nesta Cidade no último anno da viagem de Jappão, sucedeo logo no seguinte a quebra do commercio, com que tambem ficou arruinado como os mais, vivendo de empréstimos, que lhe tem feito pessoas nobres aqui moradoras, a quem deveu dar satisfação, tomando esta nova tambem com féte ou oito mil patacas em Manila, que era o cabedal que tinha à disposição da boa ou má fortuna, segundo a vontade do Governo, que ou por força ou por vontade deveu deixar no thesouro, ou toda a prata dos mercadores, que estão em Manila, chegando nova dos successos do Reyno com Castella, por via de Nova Espanha, ou em parte do cabedal, se não chegar pera segurança daquella praça. Não trato nas mais pessoas em particular, pois ao Governo como primeiro móvel se devem as graças & louvores, levando comigo aos mais do povo, segundo aquillo. Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis. Aos Religiosos & Ecclesiasticos desta cidade como mais eruditos com sua muita eloquência ficam as mais abonações affi próprias, como alheas, entre as quaes eu não tenho lugar, que somente me resoluo em epilogar em breve, o que na verdade passou sem encarecimento, nem hyperboles rhetoricos, assim de dar de mim satisfação no assumpto, que tomei rogando. E por carta do dito Doctor Ioão Marques Moreira de 22. de Novembro de 1642. consta que os dous nauios, que estavão em Manila, chegaram à cidade de Macao. [Anotações marginais] (No canto inferior esquerdo, pequena anotação manuscrita parcialmente visível: "ellos") — [UNCLEAR: ellos? {{PAGE:40}} [Texto Principal] ção, com o recheo, que lá estava dos moradores dela, com alguns Castelhanos por ordem do Governador Dom Se- bastião Hurtado de Córdova fingindo não saber haver Rey Português com animo de foguear aquela cidade à coroa de Castela, & ficarem nela de presídio não tendo seu intento efeito algum; & com as fazendas, que vi- eram nos ditos navios ficou próspera a cidade rica, & com esperanças de grandes opulências, attribuindo o suc- cesso da vinda destes navios á felice acclamação del Rey nosso Senhor nestes Reynos de Portugal, por cujo meio es- tão com esperanças de lograrem, & possuirem outras feli- cidades maiores. EM LISBOA. Com todas as licenças necessárias. Na Officina de Domingos Lopes Roza. Anno de 1644. Taxão esta Relação a reis. Lisboa 8. de Janeiro de 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Carimbos] [No centro, sobre o texto "EM LISBOA.
fulltext_translation	{{PAGE:1}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Account of the Majestic, Mysterious, and Notable Acclamation Held in Honour of His Majesty King John IV, Our Lord, in the City of Nome de Deus (‘Name of God’) in China, together with the Festivities Organised by the Public Authorities and Other Private Individuals. By Dom João Marquês Moreira, Apostolic Prothonotary of the Holy See and Chaplain to His Majesty in the said city, in the past year of 1642. To the Gentlemen of the Government of the City of Nome de Deus in China. I. I should have wished—yet was unable—to complete this account with greater expedition, given the many obligations incumbent upon me in bringing this enterprise to publication; obligations which reflect the exemplary fidelity and devotion you yourselves demonstrated in your loyal service to His Majesty King John IV, Our Lord. Although you requested that I commit to writing a formal record of the public demonstrations and magnificent acts by which you celebrated His Majesty’s accession to the throne and his coronation in this city, such a service could not reasonably be denied to you. For it is altogether fitting—and indeed a duty—to recall, for your edification and remembrance, those solemn observances so rightly due to a living sovereign—not a deceased monarch—who possesses eyes to behold, ears to hear, and most generous hands with which to reward vassals of your distinguished calibre and noble station: men who hold illustrious offices and honourable titles, commensurate with the exceptional merits you have shown. [Marginal Annotations] [Top left corner] g 11 cal. 33. {{PAGE:2}} [Page 1] [Main Text] They will have distinguished themselves—serving as prototype and exemplar for those who succeeded them—and particularly by overcoming difficulties placed in their path, cutting short delays that self-interest could not excuse in matters of such gravity. They deviated not one jot nor tittle from the order prescribed to them in the royal letter issued by His Majesty our Lord concerning the acceptance of His Royal Highness the Prince, remaining resolute in laying aside gentleness and taking up the rod of authority, whereby they would bring back onto the right path all those who—by committing so grave a rebellion—sought to depart from it: thus proving themselves true and loyal vassals to their King. In this journal and report—which I respectfully submit to Your Excellencies—you will find accounts of actions undertaken by others and by private individuals; this inclusion is deliberate, for it accords with the subject I have undertaken and fulfils the precise obligations arising from my solemn verbal undertaking. Yet, upon careful scrutiny, you will perceive clearly that all these actions redound to the particular honour and glory of Your Excellencies, for you were the primary impetus—the very first cause—that drew the lower magistrates and officials to the posts they now occupy. Should any shortcomings be discerned in this account, I beg your pardon; and I willingly cede ample scope to other more diligent scholars—should curiosity move them to take up the pen—to treat this elevated subject with greater elegance and to furnish still stronger testimonials to Your Excellencies’ merits. May God preserve Your Excellencies for many years. Macau, 20 August 1642. [Marginal Annotations] (Centred at lower left, printed:) Yours faithfully [Signatures] OP. JOÃO MARQUES [Archival References] (Illegible; printed faintly in the background beneath the date: “20.”) {{PAGE:3}} [Page 207] [Main Text] Fabio Epiteto addressed those who, overwhelmed by the distresses of their ill fortune, found themselves on the very threshold of despair—believing Heaven itself to be arrayed against them and resolved upon their utter ruin, from which they would never rise again, but remain sunk in the abyss of their afflictions. ‘Take heart,’ he exhorted them, ‘you who deem yourselves unhappy; for misfortunes are not ordinarily harmful, but beneficial to men—vanishing entirely, like a sail caught by a favourable wind, as soon as Fortune’s tide turns once more.’ Such was the condition of the city of Nome de Deus (‘Name of God’) in China—surrounded by anxieties and disquiet only a few months earlier: losses and commercial collapse in the Japan trade, and, in the judgement of many, Heaven itself set in opposition to its inhabitants, threatening total ruin through shortages and widespread apprehension. Yet precisely when confidence had reached its lowest ebb, the ‘Wisest of the Wise’, God, did not fail to console and encourage the populace with the joyful news of the accession of His Majesty King João IV to the crown of Portugal—an event that transformed their recent adversity and seemingly monstrous reversals into universal acclaim: theatrical performances, public festivals, celebratory bell-ringing (repiques), and other manifestations of profound collective joy and satisfaction. All former anxieties dissipated; the city reverted—as if restored to its former state—to the opulence it had enjoyed in its heyday, when annual revenues flowing through its harbour bar amounted to many millions of réis, and its prosperity appeared boundless, with wealth pouring in like golden streams and silver rivers. The spectacle was all the more striking—and the contrast all the more poignant—given the city’s diminished circumstances at that very moment: only two vessels from the Philippines lay at anchor, laden with the meagre remnant of what remained after the collapse of the Japan trade—a sum totalling approximately one million réis. To any thoughtful observer attentive to both economic interest and civic honour, this figure alone sufficed to underscore the gravity of the city’s decline. And yet these loyal vassals embraced the royal proclamation with unfeigned delight—as though it were the discovery of rich mines or newly uncovered treasure-hoards. {{PAGE:4}} [Page 1] [Main Text] They were duly entered therein; and what was most noteworthy was that there was produced a certified copy of the royal letter—transcribed directly from the original—dispatched by His Majesty to this city under the authority of His Excellency the Viceroy and Captain-General of the State of India, Dom João da Silva Tello, Count of Aveiras. From Goa, His Excellency entrusted this copy to Diogo Mendes de Brito, who carried it as part of an embassy to the Governor of Jacatarrá (i.e., Jakarta), with instructions to negotiate peace and a suspension of hostilities. He was further directed, upon conclusion of those negotiations, to bring the certified copy of His Majesty’s letter to this city. However, disagreements arising during the drafting of the articles of agreement between the Governor and the ambassador impeded his onward passage; it therefore became necessary to inform the Viceroy of the State of India and await a definitive resolution from the court at Goa. In the interim, the viceroy’s letter—accompanied by the certified copy of His Majesty’s missive—was delivered to António Fialho Ferreira, a nobleman and knight of the Military Order of Christ, who had recently arrived in Macau from the Kingdom of Portugal. In his letter, the Viceroy conveyed His Majesty’s command that this city should forthwith, without delay, submit itself and formally acknowledge His Majesty as its rightful sovereign and natural lord—just as had already been done by the majority of cities and territories within the Portuguese Crown’s dominions. His Majesty further assured the inhabitants of generous rewards and honours, pledging His Royal Word in this regard. Upon António Fialho Ferreira’s arrival, the municipal authorities of this most noble city did not hesitate in their allegiance; indeed, they declared their loyalty even more readily than many other cities and territories of the Portuguese Crown. This readiness stemmed from Macau’s particular geopolitical situation: its proximity to the Spanish-held Philippines, the Moluccas (Maluku), and Formosa (Taiwan)—where Castilian garrisons and military forces were stationed at relatively short distances—contrasted sharply with its extreme remoteness from the viceregal court at Goa. Consequently, Macau stood effectively isolated: it could rely for defence upon no external support other than its own citizens—those who stood watch upon its ramparts and manned its bastions—facing, as they did, neighbouring ‘barbarous’ nations (a term used here in its early modern European diplomatic sense, denoting non-Christian polities perceived as hostile or uncivilised) whose enmity extended to the very spilling of Macau’s blood. It was Divine Providence, our Lord God, that placed Macau into the hands of His Serene Highness Dom João IV, King of Portugal. {{PAGE:5}} [Page 208] [Main Text] …griefs and the ‘feu fangue’ [lit. ‘fire poison’, a contemporary Portuguese rendering of the Japanese term hi no kusuri, referring to gunpowder or firearms—here used metonymically for violent execution by musketry], which the tyrant of Japan inflicted some years earlier upon four ambassadors sent by the principal nobles of this city—a deed already widely reported not only throughout the East but also across Europe. News of the acclamation of His Serene Highness King Dom João IV in the Kingdom of Portugal reached this city on 30 May 1642, preceded by auspicious omens on the preceding night: the heavens themselves appeared to herald the celebration with salvoes of artillery—yet without emitting lightning or hurling stones, which might alarm faint-hearted souls—and concluded with an abundant fall of rain, after which the sky cleared and fair weather ensued. This favourable turn permitted Antonio Fialho Ferreira to disembark from a Dutch vessel that had anchored a few leagues from this port; upon landing, he proceeded immediately to the Fort of São… {{PAGE:6}} Many noble and distinguished individuals who had previously governed this city assembled there, convening in closed session until late into the night. Meanwhile, the populace debated variously and without certainty—uncertain as to the truth of the matter—though rumour suggested momentous news from the Kingdom; indeed, reports had already reached us from the kingdoms of Siam and Cambodia, conveyed by Dutch merchants who had wintered among us and informed certain of our countrymen that a king now reigned in Portugal: namely, the Duke of Bragança. Yet, because these tidings arrived by such an indirect route, doubt inevitably persisted concerning an unexpected development. Nevertheless, the force of credulity overcame all scepticism—the human impulse toward trust prevailing over caution—when António Fialho Ferreira revealed himself before the assembled council and produced letters entrusted to him by Diogo Mendes de Brito, Portuguese Ambassador at Batavia, including official correspondence from the Viceroy of the State of India, as well as numerous private letters from the Kingdom. He then read aloud a certified copy of the royal letter addressed to this city, bearing the authenticating seal of the Secretary of the State of India. The public announcement of this news provoked such widespread excitement that many abandoned the decorum expected of men advanced in years and seasoned by prudence. The governing authorities—the Captain-General and the rest of the council—received the news as if it had descended from heaven itself, and immediately pledged their obedience to His Majesty, our Sovereign Lord. No further meetings or deliberations were deemed necessary: the council complied strictly—and without deviation in a single particular—with the instructions set forth in His Majesty’s letter dated March 1641. {{PAGE:7}} [Page 209] [Main Text] The municipal council (Câmara), the Captain-General, and other dignitaries withdrew to their residences late that evening. At dawn the following day, the magistrates reconvened at the municipal chamber, where they proceeded—promptly and formally—to draw up a declaration of allegiance to His Majesty our Lord the King. A formal instrument of submission was prepared for this purpose, and, as indeed occurred, all those summoned affixed their signatures thereto. Having deliberated upon the appropriate public demonstrations befitting so momentous an act, they resolved—and subsequently swore—an oath of fealty to His Majesty our Lord the King. Throughout the city, numerous bonfires and illuminations were lit, commencing on Whitsunday (Pentecost) and continuing until Trinity Sunday—the day appointed for the solemn swearing of allegiance to His Majesty King Dom João IV and to His Royal Highness the Prince Heir, Dom Teodósio. Following the oath, arrangements were made for a solemn procession of thanksgiving to Almighty God, in which both secular and regular clergy participated. On that same day, the Lord Bishop presided over the liturgical celebration; the cathedral (Sé) was adorned with full ceremonial splendour and majesty for the occasion. Public festivities—including bullfights, horse races, masked processions, and costumed pageants—were scheduled on designated days in prominent public squares and along the principal thoroughfares, thereby visibly expressing the populace’s heartfelt satisfaction, enthusiastic acceptance, and loyal vassalage towards the Most Serene King Dom João IV. These arrangements were ordered by the Captain-General and municipal government of the city, under the direction of João Aranha de Pedroza, Sergeant-Major of the garrison and serving captain of infantry, who was instructed to deploy fifty soldiers of the permanent garrison to secure and oversee the aforementioned festive zones at the specified locations. At the beginning of June, the city authorities commanded the raising of the Royal Standard—bearing the quinas (the five escutcheons representing the Kingdom of Portugal)—in various public spaces and prominent sites. The municipal chamber itself remained open throughout, its windows adorned with a banner displaying the Royal Arms; from these windows, a consort of shawms (charamelas) performed. The Captain-General, Dom [name illegible], stood present in full ceremonial array. {{PAGE:8}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Da Silveira, who ordered the entire garrison to assemble at the Fort of São Paulo and directed the artillery at all posts and bastions of this stronghold—widely regarded as the finest and most solidly constructed fortress among all those belonging to His Majesty throughout his dominions—to be readied for action. Much of the ordnance had been cast locally by Manuel Tavares Bocarro, a highly skilled and accomplished master gun-founder resident in the city and married there. The defensive strength of São Paulo was finally brought to full readiness: with chests of munitions, fifes, captains, soldiers, and artillerymen duly stationed at their respective posts—all fully prepared and disciplined. The artillery and musketry were then discharged in such precise and coordinated sequence that the display resembled a well-ordered battle squadron, fully capable of engaging in warfare. Numerous salutes were fired in honour of His Majesty our Sovereign, each answered across the city by peals from the bells of churches and bell-towers, accompanied by harmonious playing of shawms (charamelas) from the municipal chamber house—so that hearts swelled with joy and delight, overflowing with pure contentment and heartfelt satisfaction at the accession of a monarch deemed more virtuous than Trajan and more fortunate than Augustus: revered and beloved even in these remote and distant territories. Such celebrations continued until this day. On the Feast of Pentecost (the Day of the Holy Spirit), numerous bonfires and illuminations were lit—not only along the ramparts of the Fort of São Paulo, at intervals designated by the Captain-General and the city’s governing authority, but also from the windows of streets, church towers, and the upper storeys of religious convents. Many individuals, especially those of scholarly or artistic inclination, took particular care in devising inscriptions (epigraphs), allegorical emblems, and hieroglyphic devices—whose forms were rendered strikingly visible by the clear light of the illuminations. These attracted crowds of curious onlookers who thronged the public squares and thoroughfares during the octave festivities; notably, special attention was drawn to the façade of the Church of the Jesuit College, where the friezes and capitals of the columns displayed an exceptionally refined example of mixed architectural style—Doric, Corinthian, and Roman—executed with remarkable artistry and technical mastery. {{PAGE:9}} [Page 210] [Main Text] My Lord, a figure stood upright in the principal window of the choir loft: it represented the Law—depicted as a crowned and robed personification—bearing twelve tongues at its extremities, from whose mouth issued a tongue of fire; in its right hand it held a sword, and in its left a standard; the royal arms of the Kingdom were displayed on either side. Alongside this central figure appeared the provincial divisions of Portugal, each accompanied by representations of its principal cities, bearing inscribed labels identifying them. The brilliance and luminosity of this spectacle drew numerous people out of their homes into the streets during the nights—whose customary state is one of quiet repose upon the pillow—and, in part, this vision coincided with an exceptional downpour, whereby Heaven, as it were, ratified these days with copious rainfall, accompanied by gusts of wind strong enough to shatter and scatter the pyrotechnic displays—bonfires and illuminations—that seemed to rival the stars of the firmament. Yet neither the tempest’s severity nor its disruption could dampen the courage and resolve of those who, with unwavering zeal, repeatedly rebuilt what inclement weather had undone. During the period spanning from Pentecost (the Feast of the Holy Spirit) to Trinity Sunday, the municipal authorities commissioned the construction of a spacious and imposing temporary theatre. Its upper section was roofed with white wax candles arranged in a circular, gleaming configuration; its lateral façades were draped with fine silk hangings, interwoven with crimson-and-white lace and further embellished with abundant gold and azure ornamentation—rendering the entire structure akin to a variegated forest or a polychrome garden. This architectural installation was erected against the walls of the courtyard of the municipal chamber (câmara municipal), extending along the entire length of Rua Direita, from end to end, with broad, unobstructed views from the windows on both its northern and southern sides. At its rear, a richly adorned canopy (dossel) was installed, beneath which the royal arms were prominently displayed. As inclement weather precluded the formal swearing-in of His Majesty the King on Trinity Sunday, the ceremony was postponed until the twentieth day of the month. {{PAGE:10}} — ORIGINAL TEXT — [Page 1] [Main Text] Cloths and altar linens, upon which stood silver candelabra bearing white wax candles; these were placed beneath the canopy (baldachin), with the sceptre and crown arranged on one side and, on the other, a large silver cross bearing a crucifix of the same metal—all German workmanship, executed in fine openwork filigree (rede miúda aberto ao boril), accompanied by an open missal. That afternoon—or more precisely, at the solar zenith, shortly before noon—the Captain-General of the Monte descended into the ceremonial theatre between two dense ranks of infantry (musketeers) and arquebusiers, captains and officers. He entered the theatre in this manner. Immediately thereafter, the civic authorities of the city arrived: the Bishop’s Governor (Governador do Bispado), ecclesiastics both regular and secular, together with numerous nobles, fidalgos, and knights of the military orders resident in this city. The Captain-General took his seat in the foremost chair on the left-hand side of the baldachin and altar. Next followed the Bishop’s Governor, the municipal councillors (Vereadores)—Lionel de Soysa de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, and Dom João Pereira—then the ordinary judges: Cristóvão Soares Coelho and Manuel Bernardes; the procurator, Marcos Rabello de Almeida; and the town clerk (escrivão da Câmara), Jácome de Morais Pereira. Finally, a trio of shawms (charamelas) played. Thereupon, the town clerk, standing upright, proceeded to the right-hand side of the altar, where the missal lay open. The Captain-General then rose and approached the same location, kneeling upon the floor before the crucifix. The town clerk withdrew from his papers the prescribed form of the oath (juramento), and read it aloud, clearly and intelligibly, to those assembled. The Captain-General, placing his right hand upon the open missal, repeated the oath verbatim. Upon completion of the swearing-in, he returned to his seat. The Bishop’s Governor then followed, swearing allegiance to His Majesty our Lord on behalf of the entire ecclesiastical nobility, using the identical formula. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] ‘x.’ {{PAGE:11}} [Page 211] [Main Text] The ceremony proceeded as follows: the Captain-General, immediately after the Governor João Bispado, administered the oath of office to Lionel de Soyza de Lima, who was sworn in as vereador (alderman) and incumbent ouvidor (royal magistrate). Thereafter followed Pero Cordeiro de Melo and Dom João Pereira, also sworn in as vereadores. Next came the ordinary judges (juízes ordinários) and other municipal officers—the procurador (town procurator) and escrivão da Câmara (town clerk). In addition to those named above, the superiors of the religious orders and several leading members of the local nobility likewise took the oath. All participants were richly attired in brocade and gold, adorned with abundant jewellery; their sumptuous appearance evoked the image of a ‘city of kings’, so resplendent were they in this solemn act of homage to His Majesty our Lord, affirming their loyalty as his vassals and underscoring the dignity and prestige of the city’s noble administration. Upon completion of the oath of fidelity and obedience to His Majesty King John IV of Portugal, a festive performance (folia) was staged on the theatre erected for the occasion. This entertainment was presented by the students of the Jesuit schools, whose masters had rehearsed and prepared it expressly for the day. The students entered the theatre with great grace and spirited bearing, performing dances and theatrical interludes marked by exceptional elegance and artistry—so accomplished, indeed, that they could readily rival the most skilled performers of the Kingdom. The principal song performed was as follows: > If Portugal with Castile ever wed, > ’Twas never a match well made; > With John, it parted—far away, > Away, away—much to her dismay. All subsequent verses concluded with this refrain. Immediately upon its conclusion, the artillery and musketry stationed along the main thoroughfare (Rua Direita) discharged in salvo, arranged in formal order. Thereafter, Marcos Rabello de Almeida, the city’s procurador, addressed the assembled crowd in a loud, clear voice: ‘Hear ye, hear ye—attend!’ Immediately afterwards, Jacome de Moraes Pereira, the escrivão da Câmara, echoed the proclamation in similarly elevated tones: ‘Long live, long live His Majesty DOM JOHN IV, King of Portugal!’, adding further ceremonial phrases in accordance with the city’s royal charter (foral). {{PAGE:12}} [Page 52] [Main Text] Holding the Royal Standard in his hand, he ascended to the first step of the theatre and proclaimed aloud: ‘Long live His Majesty King Dom João IV! Long live the King!’ The populace repeated these words in unison, in identical fashion; both cry and response continued uninterrupted as the procession made its way from the theatre to the Cathedral, accompanied by the secular and ecclesiastical authorities. Upon arrival at the Cathedral, the clergy—led by the Governor of the Bishopric—sang the Te Deum laudamus aloud in thanksgiving. Thereafter, the procession departed the Cathedral, and the Captain-General together with the municipal authorities proceeded through the principal streets of the city, repeating the acclamations at regular intervals. Along the Rua Direita, windows were richly adorned and filled with numerous noblewomen and distinguished persons of all estates and regional origins—whose appearance and bearing were indistinguishable from those of their counterparts in Europe. These ladies themselves constituted a veritable court, participating wholeheartedly and with equal enthusiasm in the festive demonstrations honouring His Majesty, as though born in the very heart of the realm and within the most privileged precincts of the kingdom. They fully appreciated the profound significance of preserving royal authority in this distant land, so remote from the centres of civilisation and from the dominions of our Lord the King—may God grant Him long and prosperous reign. Saturday, 21 June: The Lord Bishop officiated at the Cathedral (Sé) in person; the Governor of the Bishopric celebrated Mass, and Father Fr. Pedro de S. delivered the sermon. {{PAGE:13}} [Page 212] [Main Text] Golden bands running vertically down both sides of the structure; the church ceiling and columns entirely adorned with alternating motifs in crimson and white, interlaced with volutes and rosettes arranged so skilfully that the overall effect rivalled a garden of flowers and convolvuluses—such was the richness and variety of the decorative scheme. For this ephemeral display, the colonial administration bore the full expense, including additional days’ costs for music, liturgical observances (féria), and all other ceremonial elements associated with royal festivals throughout the entire duration of the celebrations. {{PAGE:14}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of the Two Sovereignties—Divine and Human The procession having been arranged, the Governor of the Bishopric proceeded from the Cathedral, bearing the Most Holy Sacrament in his hands beneath a richly embroidered canopy. Immediately behind him followed the Captain-General and civil governor of the city, each bearing their ceremonial staffs. Ecclesiastics—both regular and secular clergy—marched in solemn array, clad in copes and surplices. As they advanced along the principal streets, ecclesiastical musicians performed sacred dances accompanied by musical instruments. A triumphal chariot, elaborately adorned with fine silks, formed a central feature of the procession. Upon it stood a living figure representing His Majesty the King our Lord, holding a sceptre in one hand and wearing a crown upon his head. This royal effigy was flanked by four other living figures personifying the cardinal virtues: Justice, Mercy, Piety, and the Fear of God. Before the chariot rode four further allegorical figures—each mounted on horseback—to signify the Four Quarters of the World. Ahead of these rode Fame herself, likewise on horseback, bearing the royal standard displaying the Royal Arms. Upon completion of the prescribed circuit, the procession returned to the cathedral façade (the porta da Sé). There, Fame dismounted, ascended the triumphal chariot—which had halted before the cathedral’s main portal—and, positioned directly within the line of sight of the Most Holy Sacrament, delivered an oration addressed to the King. In this address, she exhorted him—on behalf of the four virtues embodied before him—to uphold Justice, Mercy, Piety, and the Fear of God. To this appeal the King graciously replied that he would do precisely as the virtues counselled. This exchange elicited profound emotion among the assembled dignitaries—notably the Dominican friars, who had accompanied the triumphal chariot, and the Augustinian friars, who contributed their own liturgical dances—deeply moving the Serene King Dom João IV. Moreover, throughout the octave (the eight-day period following the feast), the religious communities maintained illuminations in their convents and bell towers; from these vantage points, numerous accomplished singers—accompanied by musical instruments—could be heard performing sacred music capable of uplifting and profoundly affecting the hearts of all who listened. With this procession, the ceremonies of the day were concluded. The following day—22nd [of the month]. {{PAGE:15}} [Page 213] [Main Text] The Fort of São Paulo, accompanied by the full military ceremonial order, proceeded in procession with a mounted detachment stationed in the rear—drawn up in formation between two foldados (a ceremonial honour guard composed of elite colonial militia officers and civic dignitaries), whose own mounted attendants accompanied them: one bearing a ceremonial staff, the other carrying the heraldic shield of the Lobo and Silveira families. The foldadefca—a term denoting the formal assembly and procession of the foldados—was exceptionally resplendent; it traversed the city’s streets and public squares, the courtyards (terreiros) of convents, and ascended the staircases of the College of São Paulo—the Jesuit College of the Society of Jesus—following precisely the same route, as these were deemed the most suitably proportioned and dignified approaches for such a ceremonial ascent. At the moment the procession entered the Church of the Jesuit College, the weather abruptly deteriorated, compelling the foldados to take shelter within the church, where they continued their acclamations—shouting and cheering without interruption. This church is entirely adorned—its ceiling, choir, columns, and the nave of the north chapel—entirely gilded and executed in high-quality mezzo-rilievo (mid-relief) stonework, with wall paintings and life-sized sculpted figures set within architectural frames of pilasters, pediments, and festoons; the decorative scheme employs rich pigments—vermilion, gold leaf, and ultramarine blue—with such technical refinement and aesthetic harmony that its beauty rivals that of the finest ecclesiastical interiors in Europe. Even the copious quantities of rainwater could not dampen the customary acclamations of Vivas ao Rei nosso Senhor! (“Long live our Lord the King!”) led by the Captain-General himself, who raised his voice forcefully and repeatedly, joined by those members of the presidio (garrison administration) accompanying him. Nor was the Society of Jesus remiss in its observance: the college bells rang out vigorously, their peals echoing throughout the city—and on many other occasions likewise—testifying to the Company’s longstanding and profound loyalty to the Kings of Portugal and the House of Bragança, to whom it had always borne heartfelt and deeply ingrained devotion. The Captain-General then retraced his route through the city’s streets, arriving at the Convent of São Domingos, where the bells were again rung in his honour. Thereafter, he withdrew to the hilltop (Monte)—a gesture serving as a clear and solemn demonstration of his fidelity and obedience, affording every opportunity permitted by protocol to express his sincere delight at the news of the accession of the Seventh Monarch, Dom João IV of Portugal. Feast Day of Saint [Domingo? — text incomplete] {{PAGE:16}} [Page 1] [Main Text] To the right, in full view, stood numerous palanques (elevated viewing platforms), windows, and other vantage points—many of which resembled alcifas (ornamental balconies or loggias), and were adorned with finely wrought needlework nets. These were occupied by members of the local nobility from all seven parishes (seteirados), under the formal attendance of the city’s Governor and the Captain-General, who presided from his own palanque. Horse races were held, in which the finest native equestrians participated; they competed in the corrida da manilha (a traditional mounted race involving the handling of a metal ring or hoop), wherein several riders distinguished themselves through remarkable dexterity and composure in manipulating the manilha. At the conclusion of the races, the riders divided into two parallel ranks, each led by its appointed captain. They then executed spiral turns (voltas em caracol), charging directly at one another in coordinated opposition—entering and withdrawing with great bravado, yet without collision or entanglement: an achievement demanding exceptional skill, even among the most accomplished horsemen. This spectacle was widely admired, not least for the splendid and sumptuously attired equestrian contingent. The afternoon festivities continued uninterrupted until dusk, leaving the populace deeply satisfied and filled with joy—a welcome respite from the burdens of daily life, and from the intellectual anxieties that commonly afflict those who, with careful deliberation, reflect upon the manifold difficulties and apparent impossibilities confronting them in their pursuit of remedies and the preservation of their persons. The following day, 25th of the month—falling on a Wednesday—dawned clear. In preparation, the city’s Governor ordered bulls to be brought from one of the neighbouring villages—the finest animals procurable. A bull-ring (corro) was erected in the main thoroughfare, directly opposite the Town Hall (Casa da Câmara), chosen as the principal street within the urban core: spacious, wide, and well-suited to public festivity. Magistrates and the Captain-General were present in official capacity. {{PAGE:17}} [Page 214] [Main Text] At the bull-baiting events, although several individuals who charged the bull and found themselves beneath its horns incurred no notable danger of fatal injury. On the afternoon of 27 June—a Friday—the local inhabitants of one of the city’s districts, known as Campo (comprising men born in the locality and of mixed Portuguese descent), staged a formal military parade featuring musketry and arquebus drill. They marched under their own officers: Captains, Ensigns, Adjutants, and Sergeants. Their proficiency in handling firearms was widely admired; so accomplished were they that not even the smallest bird could pass within range without being brought down by a pistol shot—thereby demonstrating both exceptional marksmanship and remarkable composure under pressure. The participants were richly attired in silks, plumes, and medals; only their facial features distinguished them from Europeans. Yet in courage, valour, and martial resolve—particularly in confronting any enemy of the Portuguese nation—they proved themselves intrepid and spirited. They paraded through the city streets with great discipline and military precision, under the command of their respective captains, all subordinate to the Captain-General, to whom matters of war were constitutionally assigned; thus concluded the day’s proceedings. The following day, 28 June, saw a further bull-baiting spectacle. These bulls surpassed those of previous days in ferocity and savagery, rivalling even the finest specimens of Europe. Attendance by the colonial government and the general populace remained equally substantial. By order of the Captain-General, several soldiers entered the arena wearing masks and protective armour. Some performed daring feats; however, the first participant to enter the ring soon found himself in difficulty, reacting cautiously to the hazards before him. He was subsequently hamstrung, after which the official slaughterers—mofos de serviço (a colonial administrative term for designated municipal butchers or meat inspectors)—proceeded to butcher the animal on site, cutting it into portions. This occasion constituted a particular festival for these officials, each of whom, by lot, received a share of the meat to take home. {{PAGE:18}} — PAGE 1 — [Main Text] In our own time, we look back upon those who ventured into the fortified enclosures to engage in bullfighting—a public spectacle here commemorated and preserved in collective memory. On the 29th of the month, the inhabitants of the parish of São Lourenço staged their own panonada—a ceremonial display of martial pageantry—with the same gallantry displayed previously by the parish of Campo. Although the day brought occasional heavy showers, the weather nevertheless permitted the event to proceed without disruption; it was thus able to take place openly and with the anticipated delight of the populace. Even though many were of modest station, they rejoiced wholeheartedly at the news of the accession of His Majesty the King, our Lord—inspired thereby to hope for relief from the oppressions imposed upon them by the European powers, which had long impeded their navigation and maritime commerce. These nations had seized vessels indiscriminately, denying them access to the remedies—namely, trade and commercial intercourse—that, albeit pursued with great effort and often at considerable personal cost, constituted their principal means of livelihood: namely, the exchange of goods with the neighbouring kingdoms, to which they regularly dispatched ships. Thus conclude the festivities of the month of June—here recorded in silence, yet accompanied in contemporary accounts by descriptions of music, instrumental performances, shouts of ‘Vivas!’, and acclamations resounding through the streets during those evenings when the weather allowed. These demonstrations were mounted by numerous persons of noble birth, students, and young men—whose spirited participation merits full scholarly recognition, especially given the geographical remoteness and political isolation of this territory. In such distant and peripheral lands, prospects for advancement held little ground for confidence; neither did expectations of royal favour seem likely to bear fruit. Yet the people’s sole motivation remained the sincere and heartfelt celebration of a sovereign whose physical presence they could not enjoy. Upon the commencement of the month of July, on the feast-day of Saint Elizabeth (3 July), and towards late afternoon—around four o’clock—the schoolmasters of the Jesuit College, assisted by many of their students (their pupils), were already assembled and fully prepared with appropriate regalia. They formed, among themselves, a company composed of captains and soldiers, and staged a panonada. Emerging freshly from beneath the broad shade of large, leafy trees adjacent to the Church of the Jesuit College, they processed to the accompaniment of a peal of bells, drums (caixas), and fifes (pífaros). [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre of page] {{PAGE:19}} [Page 214] [Main Text] And the preparations were elaborate: two ornate processional floats—each bearing the magistrate’s insignia—stood ready in the courtyard. Their canopies were richly adorned with livery in heraldic colours and festooned with roses. Mounted upon four wheels, each float carried a full ensemble of the finest musicians and vocalists in the land—renowned for their exceptional voices and artistry. To illuminate this procession, numerous torches and waxen flambeaux—made of pure white beeswax, rivalled in quality only by the most carefully refined and laurel-scented wax from the Kingdom of Portugal—were provided; some five hundred such lights, give or take a few, were held aloft by attendants. All mounted participants rode on horseback, clad in sumptuous attire. The procession formed in strict order outside the municipal chamber courtyard, proceeding directly towards the Church of St Augustine. The two floats—accompanied by their musicians and instrumentalists—occupied designated positions within the cortege, flanked by large crowds who assisted in drawing them forward. At the head of the procession rode Pero Cordeiro de Mello, the senior alderman (vereador), holding the royal standard in his left hand. He was dressed in the moufica (a ceremonial Moorish-style costume worn on state occasions), complete with its distinctive capillary headdress (capilar) and a red cap (barrete) encrusted with jewels of extraordinary value and rarity—diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar). His horse was caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings (falpique), elaborately decorated with fine silverwork (argentaria). Accompanying him were Dom João Pereira and Lionel de Souza de Lima—both noble-born fidalgos and serving aldermen—also attired in moufica garments of crimson and gold, wearing jewelled caps set with pearls and diamonds, and riding horses similarly adorned with finely wrought silver embellishments. {{PAGE:20}} [Page 216] [Main Text] of the silver-mounted processional retinue: next followed Francisco Carvalho Aranha, a nobleman (fidalgo), and Vasco Barbosa de Mello, a person of high social standing, each attended by their marlotas (attendants or pages), dressed in Moorish-style garments—namely, tunics (vestidos à mourisca) of crimson and gold, their hair adorned with gold fillets (capilares de peças de ouro), and wearing short-brimmed, twisted caps (barretes) richly embellished with variegated gemstones, including numerous pearls; they rode horses caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings (aljoar em cavalos acobertados guarnecidos de argentaria). After this pair came António da Costa Benuchio and João da Costa Beauchio—brothers and noblemen (fidalgos)—attired in wide imperial breeches (calças largas imperiais) of green and black, edged with repoussé silver (alardeados de prata batida), and wearing short-brimmed, antique-style hats (gorras ou chapéus de abas curtas, enroscados à antiga); their horses were likewise caparisoned in silver-mounted trappings. Next followed Domingos Maciel de Aguiar, Auditor (a senior judicial officer) who had served aboard the Royal High-Deck Fleet (armada real de alto-bordo) under Nuno Álvares Botelho in the Indian Ocean, and later served as Ouvidor (Chief Judicial Magistrate) of this city; he was also a professed knight of the Military Order of Christ (cavaleiro professo do hábito de Cristo), accompanied by Cristóvão de Mello and his son Gaspar de Mello, both noblemen (fidalgos), dressed in Moorish style in crimson and gold; the trimmings of their caps (guarnição dos barretes) were set with numerous diamonds, rubies, and pearls; and their horses bore silver-mounted, embroidered caparisons (aljoar em seus cavalos acobertados femeados de argentaria). Thereupon entered D. {{PAGE:21}} — PAGE 1 — [Main Text] …in crimson and silver, wearing long, loose breeches (brácas), with sleeves reaching to the mid-forearm, their hair styled in the manner customary among the Polish nobility; their caps were richly adorned with abundant gemstones, and they wore silver necklaces while mounted on horses draped with ornamental silver-mounted cloths (falpiques de argentaria). Accompanying them on horseback were Lopo Sarmento de Carvalho and António Fialho Ferreira—both brothers-in-law, members of the landed gentry (fidalgos), and professed knights of the Military Order of Christ—dressed à mourisca (in the ‘Moorish’ style, i.e., in sumptuous Iberian–North African-inspired court attire), wearing garments of crimson cloth, caps lavishly set with jewels—including diamonds, rubies, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar)—and riding horses similarly draped with silver-mounted cloths (falpiques), their mounts further embellished with silverwork (argentaria) and bearing swords sheathed in gold and silver. The entire spectacle was heightened and magnified by the extraordinary number of torches—brilliant, majestic, and imposing—which illuminated the scene: thus appeared these noble gentlemen of the colonial administration, together with the other knights and persons of rank mentioned above, all loyal vassals of a monarch whose renown shall endure unceasingly in human memory. The Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira did not fail to attend this ceremonial display: descending on foot from the hilltop fortress, he was attired à mourisca in a rich garment of gold and azure, his red cap (barrete vermelho) elaborately ornamented, and preceded through the streets by one hundred arquebusiers and five hundred lit white-wax torches. In loud, resonant voices, he led acclamations in honour of His Majesty King John IV. As the entire procession surged forward en masse, raising their voices in unison, the cry rang out repeatedly: ‘Long live King John IV!’ {{PAGE:22}} [Page 217] [Main Text] Music was performed both vocally and instrumentally, and sung by a large assembly of people who accompanied the procession; the numerous braziers and torches that were lit transformed the night into day. This took place at three o’clock in the morning on the following day, after which the magistrates and many members of their retinue withdrew to the courtyard of the city’s government house—where they had earlier been accommodated, as previously described—and thence dispersed to their respective residences. I can affirm, without exaggeration, that no more splendid or dignified reception could have been arranged for princes or monarchs at the courts of the kings of Europe than this one. In celebration of the month of July, there occurred a masque and pageant staged by the young noblemen native to this city—numbering one hundred and twenty in all. Among them were also some youths from the Kingdom of Portugal itself; yet even these did not receive the same degree of trust placed in the local men, nor did they display the same liberal generosity in expenditure. In every respect—their language, dress, and bearing—the participants evinced the heritage of their Portuguese forebears: the nobility, liberality, affection, and loyalty inherited from their fathers and grandfathers. With the utmost possible emphasis, they demonstrated their devotion to His Majesty our Lord the King, voluntarily assuming personal responsibility for organising the event. Their intention was realised with remarkable order and harmony, and the spectacle shone with such brilliance and variety—featuring costumes representing diverse nations—that it elicited widespread admiration, particularly for the elegance and grace displayed both on foot and on horseback. This masque took place in June, concluding on the feast of St John the Baptist. {{PAGE:23}} [Page 86] [Main Text] They appeared with great ceremonial pomp, wearing chamaos or cabajas—robes bearing some resemblance to the voluminous garments worn by patricians of the Republic of Venice—adorned with gold and silver leaf. The fineness of the upper garments lent them a luminous sheen, enhancing their majestic bearing. Their headgear comprised caps and skullcaps akin to those worn by Chinese literati (shìrén), with earpieces fashioned from strips of felt; two large, upright plaques mounted centrally upon the cap, inscribed with fine Chinese characters indicating each mandarin’s rank and precedence. In their hands they carried fans—a traditional accoutrement of the Chinese elite. Numerous attendants (yúpū), corresponding functionally to bailiffs or constables, accompanied them, wielding long bamboo rods used by the mandarins to order the flogging and punishment of offenders. Native Chinese residents from neighbouring mandarin jurisdictions were present as drummers (tángyīn), playing flutes (chármelas, i.e., shēng or dízi) in their customary manner, and beating gongs (bàitā) alongside other percussion instruments. These instruments were sounded whenever a mandarin departed his residence—to alert the common populace to withdraw and conceal themselves—accompanied by loud, vociferous proclamations from his retinue. Collectively, this display was calculated to inspire profound respect and apprehension, ensuring that no Chinese subject from the local populace dared appear in public. {{PAGE:24}} [Page 218] [Main Text] … and golden ornaments worn upon the head, fashioned into headdresses resembling those made from palm fronds; from these descended strands of finely cut red and white paper streamers, reaching down to the shoulders—altogether lending the wearers a notably graceful and pleasing appearance. Flutes, three-stringed violas, and locally styled rabequinhas (small bowed string instruments akin to rebecs) were played alongside other instruments, producing no small degree of harmonic consonance. In their right hands they held open fans, which they waved with great elegance and poise while dancing. Each bore a catana (a short, single-edged sword typical of Lusophone Asia) at the waist, and Bunguios—indigenous officials who served as ceremonial marshals or masters of ceremonies in their own fashion—oversaw the festivities. All who beheld this spectacle were filled with awe and spiritual exhilaration; among them was João Rodrigues, the Chamber door-keeper (porteiro da Câmara), a man of Japanese origin (Jappam de nação), acting on behalf of the city’s petition requesting that he facilitate the assembly of the Japanese residents then detained. {{PAGE:25}} [Page 815] [Main Text] The procession was richly adorned with an abundance of precious stones—including diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and seed pearls (aljofar). It appears that the horseman deliberately selected this particular equestrian tableau to represent His Majesty King Dom João IIII [i.e., João IV], who rode with notable bearing and vigour, threading his way through the ranks and thoroughfares in such a manner that the full figure of the monarch was visible from all sides—where crowds had gathered along the streets to witness the masquerade. Numerous spectators, both from the public administration and private citizens, observed the spectacle from their windows; the scene was illuminated by countless wax candles and lanterns, lending it extraordinary magnificence and grandeur. Christians and non-Christians alike stood in awe along the streets, astonished at a spectacle hitherto unseen. This masquerade—originating at the Church of São Francisco—proceeded to the open square (taboleiro) before the Church of the College of the Society of Jesus, where the performers enacted their dances. Among these, a lively folia (a traditional festive dance or pageant) was performed, accompanied by drum, cymbals, and tambourines. The ensemble comprised young secular students and scholars, whose vocal harmonies were so finely attuned that—without exaggeration—they could have graced the royal courts of Europe, rivaling even the most accomplished ensembles found there. The drum was played by a student resident in the courtyard of the Society of Jesus, son of one of this year’s municipal councillors, Leonel de Souza de Lima; his playing combined such artistry and grace as to inspire universal admiration. This performance likewise impressed all the religious orders present in the city, as well as audiences elsewhere. The festivities continued throughout the night, concluding only at around four o’clock in the morning of the following day. On 10 July, bullfights were held in the Rua Direita, in full view of the entire populace. The events occupied the entire afternoon, attended by the civic authorities and the Captain-General. However, in accordance with reports of the bulls’ reputed ferocity—and given that certain mounted participants had intended to perform daring feats (algumas fortes) upon them, for which the municipal authorities had expressly summoned the animals—the spectacle disappointed the crowd, as the bulls proved notably timid (muito fracos). {{PAGE:26}} [Page 219] [Main Text] …fools—owing to a deception perpetrated by the Chinese, who had enthusiastically endorsed them. The following day, 11th of the month, the young Portuguese men from the parish of São Lourenço requested—and were granted—permission to stage their own paupnada (a traditional festive procession or pageant). For this purpose, most of them dressed in crimson cloth (carmesim), and borrowed arms—including drums, muskets (mosquetes), and arquebuses (arcabuzes)—from their masters. Since their masters wished neither to displease the youths nor to forgo appearing themselves at these royal festivities in honour of His Majesty our Lord, it was deemed necessary to accede to the request. The city duly joined in the celebration with customary enthusiasm (apoloira), as it has done—and continues to do—on all similar occasions. The procession traversed the streets, proceeding to Rua Direita, where the participants assembled in formal order before the municipal chamber (Câmara), under the supervision of the Captain-Adjutant (Capitão Ajudante), the Ensign (Alferes), and the accompanying retinue (fargento). At their head marched a trumpeter (trombeta bastarda), played with considerable grace by one of the youths. Bringing up the rear was a Kaffir (an African man, likely enslaved or in service) belonging to the Jesuit religious community (Religiosos da Companhia), who impersonated one of the kings of the coast of Melinde or Mombasa. He was clad in silk brocade (forras de seda) crossing diagonally over his shoulders to the waist, adorned with rosettes of the same material in crimson (encarnado); on his head he wore a crimson silk turban (fendal carmefim), bound with a cock’s feather of great prominence, rising above the hairline. He carried a bow and arrows, borne by two youths who flanked him; below the waist he wore a faraça (a type of draped cloth or loincloth), extending down to mid-calf; his feet were bare, and the procession formed two facing ranks, with participants turning their faces towards one another. At the conclusion of the drum and shawm (pifano) music, three volleys (faluas) were discharged; upon this signal, the Ensign lowered the Royal Standard, which remained displayed outside the portal of the courtyard of the municipal chamber. All then turned their gaze towards Rua Direita, at the end of the quadrangle, and raised loud acclamations—‘Vivas!’—to His Majesty our Lord. So genuine and universal was the rejoicing that it may truthfully be recorded that, in this city, no social estate or class of person remained unmoved; all manifested distinctive joy at this singularly gracious royal favour. {{PAGE:27}} [Page 2] [Main Text] the signal benefit which God has conferred upon the Kingdom and Crown of Portugal through the person of our Lord King Dom João IV, to whom we pray a long and prosperous reign. On the 16th day of July, the Lords of the Government—accompanied by the Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira—issued a public proclamation (bando), announced by drum and fife, and escorted by several officers and soldiers of the garrison. By this edict, they ordered all Portuguese subjects residing in the city, together with their children, who had not yet formally renewed their oath of allegiance (afinamento do termo da obediência) to our Lord King, to present themselves at the municipal chamber (Casa da Câmara) for that purpose. This zeal and diligence on the part of these most noble magistrates was motivated by a desire that no subject should remain outside the prescribed period for swearing fealty—a period which, by formal resolution (assento), had been extended from the moment news first arrived of the accession of our Lord King. Indeed, the urgency was heightened by an early incident: a respected citizen—married, long resident in this city, and of Galician origin—who had served the Crown of Castile for many years, and who had come hither from Manila as auxiliary support under Dom Fernando da Silva (Sergeant-Major of that garrison and Governor of the military forces), was subsequently dispatched to the Philippines by D. Alonso Fajardo during the Dutch occupation. This individual expressed some hesitation regarding the renewal of his oath, apparently prompted by scruples concerning the prior oath of allegiance he had sworn to King Philip (of Spain) while stationed in Manila—and now intending to return thither. In consequence, the municipal authorities arrested him and delivered him into the custody of the Captain-General, who detained him in the fortress of São Paulo, heavily ironed, as an example to others. He was later released upon the authorities’ determination that his difficulty stemmed solely from the aforementioned conscientious scruple—not from any intention to deny obedience to our Lord King or to renounce his status as a royal vassal; for he had acquired domicile in this city both through marriage and through his service as a municipal councillor (Vereador), thereby affirming his bona fide allegiance and standing. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] P. {{PAGE:28}} [Page 220] [Main Text] …the truth of which I affirm upon oath sworn before the King, and pledge my obedience to His Majesty. These were the hallmarks of an exceptional spirit; these, the marks of civic pride—through which this city, together with its Captain-General, sought publicly to demonstrate to the world the profound disapproval it felt even towards a single action grounded in such scruple. This sufficed to secure compliance among those who, for whatever reason, might otherwise have contested the orders issued to this city by His Majesty King Dom João IV; and thus the royal proclamation was proclaimed publicly amid such widespread acclamation and jubilant cries—‘Long live King Dom João IV!’—that even infants at the breast, scarcely yet able to utter ‘papa’ or ‘mama’, were heard repeating from their nurses’ laps: ‘Viva el Rey Dom Ioam o IV.’ On 20 July of the same month, the religious communities of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) and the Order of Saint Augustine staged a joint public procession. They were accompanied by a company of fifty students drawn from the schools attached to both convents—comprising both older and younger pupils. As neither order possessed a sufficiently large cohort of students individually to mount a celebration on its own patronal feast day—and thereby honour His Majesty our Lord—the two communities accordingly united their academic resources for this occasion. The participants were splendidly attired in the traditional fóldade (a formal academic gown), resplendent in every respect: richly adorned, meticulously ordered, and presented with due solemnity. Leadership of the procession was entrusted to the most accomplished and decorously comporting young men then resident in the city. {{PAGE:29}} [Page 655] [Main Text] Two hundred and fifty young men, clad in fine crimson damask—attire carefully selected to suit their respective ages, stature, and physical proportions—were assembled. Their gathering took place late in the day, already under cover of night; for, as youths who ordinarily went about in plain or modest dress, they seldom had occasion to appear thus adorned in ceremonial splendour. Such display was made possible only by the spirited ardour of youth—instilled by their instructors, who had trained them rigorously in this military discipline. Nor were these public demonstrations wanting in expressions of patriotic fervour: though individual in character, they proved no less authentically Portuguese—and no less noble in sentiment—than the civic celebrations held to mark the joyful news of His Majesty King João IV’s accession. This followed the formal decision of the city’s public authorities to submit to the sovereignty of our Lord the King, Dom João IV, as recorded elsewhere in this diary or official account. The principal organiser of these festivities was Francisco Carvalho Aranha—a noble citizen and fidalgo (hereditary gentleman) by virtue of his distinguished service and personal merit, and a figure well known throughout the city. As a devout lay brother and steward (mordomo) of the Confraternity of São Português—a devotional association to which the native population owed profound and manifest obligations to the Crown—the heavens themselves had confirmed divine favour through a most potent and widely witnessed miracle. In gratitude, and to demonstrate his magnanimous spirit on the saint’s feast day, Carvalho Aranha arranged bullfights and awarded valuable prizes to commemorate the ACCLAMATION and accession of the new monarch. To make his intentions publicly known, he issued printed proclamations (carteis) and ordered the raising of a royal standard—crimson and gold—upon a gilded mast erected in the Terreiro de Santo António. Upon the banner appeared the following inscription: ‘To Dom João IV’. {{PAGE:30}} [Page 221] [Main Text] By Dom João IV, Our Miraculous King: ‘With this I shall defend Him, and for Him I shall die.’ The celebrations coincided with the other luminarias held throughout the octave—festive illuminations that the city had designated—and although Fortune, in her envious disposition, partially diminished the public’s enjoyment by unleashing torrential rain upon the feast day of the Saint, the festivities were extended to the Feast of Corpus Christi. This extension was formally sanctioned by the municipal government and the Captain-General of the city, both of whom attended the bull-running. Prizes of considerable value—gold coins and fine silk textiles—were awarded to those who demonstrated exceptional courage during the event; among them were several Portuguese soldiers serving under the Captain-General, who had been expressly directed to enter the ring on that occasion. In addition, the aforementioned Francisco Carvalho Aranha distributed patacas (Portuguese silver coins) to individuals of lesser social standing who likewise performed feats of valour during the festivities. The day concluded to the particular delight of the populace, who had gathered in large numbers to witness the proceedings. Nor did the Portuguese Saint fail to grant the inhabitants of this city small but meaningful favours: having deemed all goods aboard two ships bound for Manila as irretrievably lost, the citizens redoubled their devotional efforts—holding numerous rogations and prayers—believing, as most of them did, that Don Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, Governor of the Philippines, would, upon receiving news of the dynastic change in the Kingdom and of the accession of our Lord the King, immediately order reprisals against the persons and properties of local residents, confiscating both for the Crown. Yet, contrary to this widespread apprehension, the Saint intervened providentially: news had already reached Manila—via Macassar, Ternate, and Cambay—that a letter from the King of Macassar had arrived at the Governor’s office in Manila, dispatched from this port. [Marginal Note] (Bottom left corner: partially legible handwritten signature: [UNCLEAR: L.) {{PAGE:31}} — TRANSLATION — [Page 1] [Main Text] On 8 August, following the successful paunada (a ceremonial military procession and display of arms, often associated with civic or religious festivals in Portuguese colonial contexts) conducted by the Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobbo da Silveira in June, heavy rain fell in abundance. The garrison then reassembled at the Fort of São Paulo; formed up there as a formal battalion (esquadraõ), and marched down the mountain stairs directly towards the College of the Society of Jesus. There it was received with peals of bells; entered through the main portal of the church, exited via the side aisle into the Terreiro de Santo António, and proceeded thence along the beach to the Convent of São Domingos, which likewise welcomed the procession with its own bell peals. Upon reaching the municipal chamber (Câmara), the troops halted in full view of the building; on command from their captains and officers, they discharged five salvoes while lowering the royal standard—a gesture signifying homage to the Crown. The first rank comprised seven foldados (a term denoting elite infantrymen or halberdiers, here likely drawn from the city’s civic guard); subsequent ranks followed in groups of five. This battalion included numerous drummers, fifers (pifãos), and shawms (charamellas); the foldados were richly attired in varied silks of exceptional quality, bearing their halberds (frotas) and sashes (bandas) slung across the shoulder, flasks and powder-horns suspended from silk cords, and wearing plumed hats adorned with costly medals and ornamental silver-gilt cockades (chapados a modo de palanque), many of which were palheres (a type of ceremonial hat or cap) lined in crimson, yellow, and white. As the procession passed the convents of Santo Agostinho, the Sé (Cathedral), and São Francisco, each rang its bells in turn. The troops then retraced their route back up the mountain, where the Captain-General stood in full view; there, the paunada concluded—its success assured by the clear, sunny afternoon and the long-awaited cessation of drought, which had persisted for many months. All this was performed in honour of His Majesty the King, our Lord. I omit further details, as the account would become unduly lengthy and burdensome; much else remains to be recorded on this same subject, but I refrain from elaborating further here. On 10 August, the young men of the municipal body (corpo da cidade) and of Santo António held their own paunada, which proved to be the final such ceremony [of this season/cycle]. [Marginal Annotations] [Top centre] — S.S.S. (Sua Santidade o Senhor, i.e., ‘His Holiness the Lord’ — a conventional pious invocation, here likely indicating the scribe’s devotional framing of the event) {{PAGE:32}} — ORIGINAL TEXT — [Page 223] [Main Text] Ceremony of the feitas held in this city, organised under the auspices of the confraternity of São Lourenço, whose members were granted official sanction for the event; and they assembled in the Rua do Hospital, beneath the Forte do Monte de São Francisco. The officers of the company were among the most proficient marksmen in the city. The formation was arranged with strict military order: the first rank comprised feis (a term denoting locally recruited, armed retainers or militia—often of Afro-Asian descent, historically employed by Portuguese colonial elites), while subsequent ranks consisted of three or four lines. The participants were richly attired in varied silk garments; many wore swords (espadas) and curved blades (catanas) at their belts, along with garters (ligas), stockings (meias), sashes (bandas), powder flasks (frascos), and priming horns (poluarinhos). So disciplined and well-equipped were they that, had it been necessary to deploy an army in the field, this force would have proved highly effective against enemies of the Portuguese nation. The company was accompanied by two drummers (tambores) with their respective fifes (pifares), a Captain, two Ensigns (alferes), one Adjutant, several members wearing plumes (penachos) on their hats, gold braid (trançelins de ouro), gem-set ornaments (pedraria), and chains of gold and silver—commensurate with the wealth and status of their patrons. Their silver shirt-buttons (abotoaduras de prata) further attested to their refinement. In the rearguard stood four youths dressed in crimson velvet; and at the very end—the culmination of the procession—stood a Cãfre (a historical term used in Portuguese colonial contexts to denote a person of African descent, often freed or free-born, serving in elite households or civic roles) belonging to Francisco Carvalho Aranha, a fidalgo (nobleman) and citizen of standing, who was himself clad in his pano Saraça de S. (a fine, imported cotton fabric—‘Saraça’ being a variant of sarasa, a term derived from the Indian sārasa, denoting a high-quality printed or painted calico, commonly supplied via Portuguese trade networks from Gujarat or Coromandel). {{PAGE:33}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Galleys and widows—those owing feudal dues to His Majesty our Lord the King—having completed their ceremonial purifications, continued their procession without pause, even though night had already fallen; this compelled them to retire to the residences of their respective masters, satisfied and content with an outcome highly esteemed among persons of such standing. The population of this Eastern region was ethnically diverse: Kaffirs, Bengalis, Malabaris, Bugis, and numerous other peoples—whose names are here omitted for brevity. These were the public demonstrations organised by the magistrates and other leading citizens of this city to mark the occasion; these the sacred festivities and liturgical acclamations with which the Republic commemorated the accession and assumption of sovereignty in India by His Most Invincible Majesty Dom João IV, King of Portugal. So great was the rejoicing across the land at the proclamation of so auspicious a sovereign that every individual vied with his neighbour—not bearing a single torch, but many; not one light, but multiple luminaries and bonfires. Christians celebrated; Hindus celebrated; nobles and gentlemen celebrated; squires and commoners alike celebrated—as if already assured of deliverance from the grievances and acts of violence endured by Portuguese subjects in India and its dependencies. In the absence of a legitimate monarch, they had been reduced to captives and prisoners—not only at the hands of European powers, but also of the various peoples throughout this entire Eastern hemisphere. Consequently, they lost the finest and most lucrative strongholds—those very fortresses first secured by the pioneering and illustrious conquerors. In the golden age, when India flourished under Portuguese rule, its revenues supplied the choicest and most valuable commodities, generating such abundant wealth as to render Portugal the wealthiest kingdom in all Europe. It was this very drain—this diversion of India’s resources to foreign realms—that left the territory so diminished and enfeebled in power that, in the considered judgment of the most discerning observers, it could not have endured for more than three years. To this depletion we must attribute the decline in martial spirit and valour so evident in contrast to the heroic feats and distinguished deeds performed by our forebears—whose very bones and skulls might well have sufficed to construct impregnable ramparts. [Marginal Note] [Bottom margin, left-hand side] –161 [Bottom margin, centre] c. {{PAGE:34}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of victories—we place all our hope in the right hand of God, who has bestowed it wholly upon him, following the wounds [i.e., the Passion], to secure his possession and confirmation of his realm. The King—whose sovereignty was not yet fully established, despite having been willingly offered to him and being due to him by right—imagined that governance could be maintained only by holding the sword to men’s throats, the lance to their breasts, and the arrow to their hearts; for even when honouring all, one must hold one’s life perpetually in the balance. This, indeed, was the reply given by Apollonius to Cyrus, King of Babylon, when asked how a monarch might reign securely: ‘Fail no one in honour, but entrust your faith to few.’ (Si multos honoraveris, paucis vero credideris.) To these loyal vassals of the city of Macau—who, in this year, bore the weight of governing this republic founded at the farthest reaches of the known world—His Majesty incurs precise and binding obligations: to honour them with substantial rewards, privileged charters (foros), liberties, and distinguished offices, commensurate with the goodwill and liberal spirit they demonstrated in accepting the new sovereign authority and pledging obedience to His Majesty our Lord. This act of allegiance occurred at a time when the city was under considerable strain. All such individuals are persons of high standing: some by virtue of ancient nobility (fidalguia), others by long-established aristocratic lineage (nobreza); many having served with distinction in India—as captains and soldiers in the royal fleets (armadas do Reyno) and aboard the flagship (altobordo). On this occasion, they revealed the true worth of their character through the diligence and expedition with which they carried out His Majesty’s orders—delays having entailed real danger, given the prevailing unrest among the populace. Had consultation been sought locally, serious division might well have ensued—not through any fault of theirs—but owing to the acute financial distress afflicting the residents of this city, exacerbated by the recent withdrawal of relief measures previously available in the Philippines, upon which each citizen now depends with great urgency. It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo. [Marginal Annotations] [Upper-left corner] (Illegible) [Seals] [None visible] [Signatures] Dom Sebastião Lobo — partial signature visible at the foot of the main text, immediately below the line ‘It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo.’ {{PAGE:35}} [Page 225] [Main Text] Dom da Silveira—who, beyond his many merits as a true and loyal vassal to His Majesty, was also a nobleman by blood and lineage, descending from the distinguished houses of Lobos and Silveira—incurred substantial personal expenses while financially encumbered and insolvent. Upon his arrival in this city during the final year of the Japan voyage, the commercial collapse occurred almost immediately thereafter; as a consequence, he, like many others, was ruined financially and has since subsisted on loans extended to him by noble persons resident here—loans for which he remains obliged to render full satisfaction. Moreover, he recently secured a further loan of eight thousand patacas in Manila: this sum constituted the entirety of his available capital—the sole reserve at his disposal, to be deployed either favourably or adversely, according to the discretion of the Governor-General. That capital was, by force or by formal requirement, to be deposited in the royal treasury—or else applied, in whole or in part, towards the security of the Manila garrison, particularly following receipt of intelligence concerning the political situation in the Kingdom of Castile, transmitted via New Spain. I do not enumerate other individuals separately, for it is to the Governor-General—as the principal agent and chief authority—that gratitude and commendation are properly due; and I extend my acknowledgements to the wider populace in accordance with the principle enunciated in the maxim: Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis (“The whole world is shaped after the example of its king”). To the religious orders and ecclesiastical authorities of this city—whose erudition and eloquence are widely acknowledged—fall the more elaborate commendations, both those directly apposite and those more generally applicable; within this domain, I claim no place for myself, but confine my contribution to a concise epilogue setting forth, without embellishment or rhetorical hyperbole, the factual sequence of events—thereby discharging my own obligation regarding the matter I have undertaken at the petitioner’s request. Moreover, a letter dated 22 November 1642 from the aforementioned Dr João Marques Moreira confirms that the two vessels which had been stationed in Manila arrived safely at the city of Macau. [Marginal Annotations] (Bottom left corner: small handwritten annotation, partially legible: “eles”) — [UNCLEAR: eles?] {{PAGE:36}} [Main Text] …with the garrison already stationed there—comprising local inhabitants and several Castilians, acting under orders from Governor Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Córdova—who feigned ignorance of the existence of a Portuguese monarch, and who intended to set the city ablaze in the name of the Crown of Castile and thereby establish a permanent Castilian garrison. However, this design came to nothing. Moreover, the merchandise brought by the said ships greatly enriched the city, rendering it prosperous and fostering confident expectations of considerable future wealth; the inhabitants attributed the successful arrival of these vessels to the auspicious acclamation of His Majesty our Lord as King in the Kingdoms of Portugal, through which they now entertain hopes of attaining—and ultimately securing—still greater felicities. PRINTED IN LISBON With all necessary licences. At the printing-house of Domingos Lopes Roza. Year of Our Lord 1644. This account is taxed at one real per copy. Lisbon, 8 January 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Seals] [Centred above the line ‘PRINTED IN LISBON’] {{PAGE:38}} [Page 1] [Main Text] Of victories—we place all our hope in the right hand of God, who has bestowed it wholly upon him, following the wounds [i.e., the Passion], to secure his possession and confirmation of his realm. The King—whose sovereignty was not yet fully established, despite having been willingly offered to him and being due to him by right—imagined that governance could be maintained only by holding the sword to men’s throats, the lance to their breasts, and the arrow to their hearts; for even when honouring all, one must hold one’s life perpetually in the balance. This, indeed, was the reply given by Apollonius to Cyrus, King of Babylon, when asked how a monarch might reign securely: ‘Fail no one in honour, but entrust your faith to few.’ (Si multos honoraveris, paucis vero credideris.) To these loyal vassals of the city of Macau—who, in this year, bore the weight of governing this republic founded at the farthest reaches of the known world—His Majesty incurs precise and binding obligations: to honour them with substantial rewards, privileged charters (foros), liberties, and distinguished offices, commensurate with the goodwill and liberal spirit they demonstrated in accepting the new sovereign authority and pledging obedience to His Majesty our Lord. This act of allegiance occurred at a time when the city was under considerable strain. All such individuals are persons of high standing: some by virtue of ancient nobility (fidalguia), others by long-established aristocratic lineage (nobreza); many having served with distinction in India—as captains and soldiers in the royal fleets (armadas do Reyno) and aboard the flagship (altobordo). On this occasion, they revealed the true worth of their character through the diligence and expedition with which they carried out His Majesty’s orders—delays having entailed real danger, given the prevailing unrest among the populace. Had consultation been sought locally, serious division might well have ensued—not through any fault of theirs—but owing to the acute financial distress afflicting the residents of this city, exacerbated by the recent withdrawal of relief measures previously available in the Philippines, upon which each citizen now depends with great urgency. It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo. [Marginal Annotations] [Upper-left corner] (Illegible) [Seals] [None visible] [Signatures] Dom Sebastião Lobo — partial signature visible at the foot of the main text, immediately below the line ‘It would be remiss not to mention the Captain-General, Dom Sebastião Lobo.’ {{PAGE:39}} [Page 225] [Main Text] Dom da Silveira—who, beyond his many merits as a true and loyal vassal to His Majesty, was also a nobleman by blood and lineage, descending from the distinguished houses of Lobos and Silveira—incurred substantial personal expenses while financially encumbered and insolvent. Upon his arrival in this city during the final year of the Japan voyage, the commercial collapse occurred almost immediately thereafter; as a consequence, he, like many others, was ruined financially and has since subsisted on loans extended to him by noble persons resident here—loans for which he remains obliged to render full satisfaction. Moreover, he recently secured a further loan of eight thousand patacas in Manila: this sum constituted the entirety of his available capital—the sole reserve at his disposal, to be deployed either favourably or adversely, according to the discretion of the Governor-General. That capital was, by force or by formal requirement, to be deposited in the royal treasury—or else applied, in whole or in part, towards the security of the Manila garrison, particularly following receipt of intelligence concerning the political situation in the Kingdom of Castile, transmitted via New Spain. I do not enumerate other individuals separately, for it is to the Governor-General—as the principal agent and chief authority—that gratitude and commendation are properly due; and I extend my acknowledgements to the wider populace in accordance with the principle enunciated in the maxim: Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis (“The whole world is shaped after the example of its king”). To the religious orders and ecclesiastical authorities of this city—whose erudition and eloquence are widely acknowledged—fall the more elaborate commendations, both those directly apposite and those more generally applicable; within this domain, I claim no place for myself, but confine my contribution to a concise epilogue setting forth, without embellishment or rhetorical hyperbole, the factual sequence of events—thereby discharging my own obligation regarding the matter I have undertaken at the petitioner’s request. Moreover, a letter dated 22 November 1642 from the aforementioned Dr João Marques Moreira confirms that the two vessels which had been stationed in Manila arrived safely at the city of Macau. [Marginal Annotations] (Bottom left corner: small handwritten annotation, partially legible: “eles”) — [UNCLEAR: eles?] {{PAGE:40}} [Main Text] …with the garrison already stationed there—comprising local inhabitants and several Castilians, acting under orders from Governor Dom Sebastião Hurtado de Córdova—who feigned ignorance of the existence of a Portuguese monarch, and who intended to set the city ablaze in the name of the Crown of Castile and thereby establish a permanent Castilian garrison. However, this design came to nothing. Moreover, the merchandise brought by the said ships greatly enriched the city, rendering it prosperous and fostering confident expectations of considerable future wealth; the inhabitants attributed the successful arrival of these vessels to the auspicious acclamation of His Majesty our Lord as King in the Kingdoms of Portugal, through which they now entertain hopes of attaining—and ultimately securing—still greater felicities. PRINTED IN LISBON With all necessary licences. At the printing-house of Domingos Lopes Roza. Year of Our Lord 1644. This account is taxed at one real per copy. Lisbon, 8 January 1644. Pinheiro: Coelho: [Seals] [Centred above the line ‘PRINTED IN LISBON’]
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spelling	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares This is a contemporary 1642–1644 printed historical document—a formal, first-hand account of the civic and religious acclamation of King João IV of Portugal in Macau (referred to throughout as Nome de Deus, ‘Name of God’, in China), authored by Dom João Marquês Moreira, Apostolic Prothonotary of the Holy See and Chaplain to the King in Macau. Dated 20 August 1642 and printed in Lisbon in 1644, the text records the municipal government’s immediate, unanimous, and ceremonially elaborate submission to the newly proclaimed Bragança monarch following receipt of the royal letter transmitted via the Viceroy of India, Dom João da Silva Tello, Count of Aveiras, and delivered by António Fialho Ferreira. It details the political context—including Macau’s strategic isolation amid Spanish garrisons in the Philippines, Formosa, and the Moluccas; the recent collapse of the Japan trade; and widespread commercial anxiety—against which the acclamation served as both an act of loyal vassalage and a catalyst for civic renewal. The abstract documents the full sequence of festivities from late May to late July 1642: public oaths of fealty sworn by the Captain-General, municipal councillors (including Lionel de Soysa de Lima, Pero Cordeiro de Mello, and Dom João Pereira), ecclesiastical authorities, and military officers; solemn processions featuring allegorical chariots, the Royal Standard, and the Most Holy Sacrament; theatrical performances by Jesuit students; bullfights, horse races, masked pageants (panonadas), and military parades by local militia including foldados, feis, and mixed-heritage contingents; illuminations, bell-ringing, artillery salutes, and multilingual, multi-ethnic participation across Christian, Hindu, and Chinese communities. Key figures include Captain-General Dom Sebastião Lobo da Silveira, Bishop’s Governor, Sergeant-Major João Aranha de Pedroza, nobleman Francisco Carvalho Aranha, and the Viceroy of India. The document serves as a primary source for Portuguese imperial loyalty, colonial governance, ceremonial culture, and cross-cultural interaction in early modern maritime Asia. na oficina de Domingos Lopes Roza Em Lisboa Books Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal 1644 Catholic Liturgical Acclamation Contemporary First-Hand Account João IV Bragança Monarchy Lisbon Printing 1644 Macau Acclamation Ceremony Municipal Government Submission Nome de Deus Macau Portuguese Colonial Administration in India Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes {{PAGE:1}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] RELACÃO DA MAGESTOSA, MISTERIOSA, E NOTÁVEL ACCLAMAC,AM, QUE SE FEZ A Magestade d’El Rey Dom IOAM O IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do Nome de Deos da China, & festas, que se fizerão pelos Senhores do Go- uerno público, & outras pessoas particulares. PELLO D. IOAM MARQUES MOREIRA PRO- THONOTARIO APOSTOLICO DA S. S. DE. & CAPELLÃO DE Sua Magestade na ditta cidade o anno pas- sado de 1642. AOS SENHORES DO GOVERNO DA CI- dade do Nome de Deos da China. I. A quizera, mas não pôde, com tanta presteza dar comprimento ao que por todas as vias era devedor a vossas mercês, sobejando muitos pera sair a luz com a empreza, do que vossas mercês obra- rão na obediência, que como leaes vassalos renderão a El Rey nosso Senhor Dom IOAM O IV., suposto que me rogaram lhes desse por escripto as demonstraçoens publicas, & acçoens grandiosas com q. nesta cidade festijrarão seu reynado, & coroaçam; serviço era pera não negar a vossas mercês o trazer-lhe á memoria lembranças tão devidas por hum Rey vivo, e não defunto que tem olhos pera ver, ouvidos pera ouvir, & mãos liberalissimas pera apremiar vassalos dos quilates de vossas mercês por sua muyta calidade, e nobreza co. illustres cargos, e auentejados titulos em rezão do muyto em que f. A esm [Anotações marginais] [No topo, à esquerda] g 11 cal. 33. {{PAGE:2}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] esmerarão havendo sido o protótipo, e exemplar nas acções dos que depois se seguirão, e em particular por romperem por difficuldades, que se lhes opunham atalhando detenções, que o interesse não desculpa em semelhantes coisas, por discreparem hũ ponto, nem faltar hũ til da ordem de q por carta tiverão do Rey nosso Senhor na aceitação do seu Rey nado, estando apostados a depor a brandura, e lançar mão da vara, com que metessem a caminho, os que della (comettendo rebellião tão grande) se quizessem apartar, como verdadeiros, e leais vassa- los a seu Rey. Neste diário, e relação, que offereço acharão vossas merces acções alheas, e de particulares por não faltar ao assumpto, que tomei, e as obrigações precisas de empenho por palavra, mas se bem notarem verão claramente, que todas redundam em particular honra, e glória de vossas merces, por haverem sido o primeiro móvel, que levou consigo os mais orbes inferiores ao lugar, que representam. Das faltas, que acharem peço perdão, dando muytas vantagens aos mais aqueus a curiosidade quiser lançar mão da pena, pera cortarem com toda a galhardia matéria tão levantada, e maiores abonos de vossas merces, aquem Deos guarde muytos annos, &c. Macau em 20. de Agosto de 1642. [Anotações marginais] (No centro inferior, à esquerda, impresso:) De vossas merces [Assinaturas] OP. IOAM Marques. [Referências arquivísticas] (Ilegível, impresso em fundo, abaixo da data: "20. {{PAGE:3}} [Page 207] [Texto Principal] Ouviu o fabio Epiteto aos que cercados de angústias de sua má fortuna se vião à porta da desesperação, cuidando terem os Céos em campo contra si, & estarem apostados a lhes darem ruína, donde nunca mais levantem cabeça, & saiam do a- bismo de seus males: animaiuos [diz elle] vós que vos ve- des infelizes, porque infelicidades não costumão ser de dano, mas de proveito aos homens, que com qualquer viração mais es- pera da fortuna, dão o pano todo, & desaparecem. Tal estava esta cidade do Nome de Deus da China, cercada de angústias com inquietações ávidas poucos mezes antes, perdas, e quebras do comércio de Japão, e a juízo de muitos postos os Céos em campo contra seus moradores com sobrefaltos, & arreceios de sua total ruína; quando mais desconfiada se achava, não faltou o Sabio dos Sábios, Deus, a consolar, & animar com a nova da feliz sucessão del-Rey nosso Senhor Dom IO- AM IV, do nome na coroa de Portugal, convertendo sua pouca dita, & partes monstruosas em aplauso geral de teatros, festas, repiques, & outras mostras de summo contentamento, e gosto, desaparecendo tudo, & tornan- do ao estado, como se fora com os muitos milhões, que pela barra lhe entravão todos os annos, quando mais se considerava no auge, e ponto de suas opulências com inchentes de riquezas correndo por canos de ouro, & ri- os de prata; sendo maior o espectáculo em conjunção, e tem- po em que se achou mais diminuída com dois navios nas Philippines carregados com esse pouco que lhe res- tou da quebra do comércio de Japão, importância de hũ milhão, que a todo o homem discursivo, que tem os olhos no interesse, e a honra nas costas, podia fazer reparar; po- rém assim se arremessarão estes leais vassalos a aceitar com gosto a nova que lhes chegou, como se fossem minas, & the- souros. {{PAGE:4}} [Page 1] [Texto Principal] foram entrados nella, & o que he mais de estimar foy que gar fomente hũa cópia da carta tirada do original, que sua Magestade enviava a esta Cidade, por via do seu Vi- sorrey, & Capitão geral do Estado da India, Ioão da Silva Tello, Conde de Aveiras, o qual de Goa despachio com el- la a Diogo Mendes de Brito, & com embaixada ao Go- vernador de Jacat
spellingShingle	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares Moreira, João Marques Rosa, Domingos Lopes Catholic Liturgical Acclamation Contemporary First-Hand Account João IV Bragança Monarchy Lisbon Printing 1644 Macau Acclamation Ceremony Municipal Government Submission Nome de Deus Macau Portuguese Colonial Administration in India Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
title	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_autocomplete	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_full	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_fullStr	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_full_unstemmed	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_short	Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
title_sort	relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a magestade d'el rey dom joam o iv. nosso senhor na cidade do nome de deos do grande imperio da china, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos senhores do governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares
topic	Catholic Liturgical Acclamation Contemporary First-Hand Account João IV Bragança Monarchy Lisbon Printing 1644 Macau Acclamation Ceremony Municipal Government Submission Nome de Deus Macau Portuguese Colonial Administration in India Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
topic_autocomplete	Catholic Liturgical Acclamation Contemporary First-Hand Account João IV Bragança Monarchy Lisbon Printing 1644 Macau Acclamation Ceremony Municipal Government Submission Nome de Deus Macau Portuguese Colonial Administration in India Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
topic_facet	Catholic Liturgical Acclamation Contemporary First-Hand Account João IV Bragança Monarchy Lisbon Printing 1644 Macau Acclamation Ceremony Municipal Government Submission Nome de Deus Macau Portuguese Colonial Administration in India Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Portugal. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
url	https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/G2KSIZXP/viewer_G2KSIZXP.html

Relação da magestosa, misteriosa, e notavel acclamaçam, que se fez a Magestade d'El rey Dom Joam o IV. nosso Senhor na Cidade do nome de deos do grande Imperio da China, & festas, que se fizeraõ pellos Senhores do Governo publico, & outras pessoas particulares

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