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Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao

The document is a transcription of correspondence between the Bishop of Macau and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton regarding the implementation of a papal decree concerning territorial jurisdiction in China. The document dates from March 1904 and discusses the delineation of territories between the D...

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Language:Portuguese
Published: 1904
Subjects:
Apostolic Prefect ; Bishop of Macau ; Chao-King district ; Chinese Politics ; Colonial Administration ; Early 20th Century ; French Involvement ; Hainan Island ; Late 19th Century ; Papal Decree ; Portuguese Influence ; Religious Boundaries ; Territorial Jurisdiction ; diplomatic negotiations ; missionary activities ; Documents
Online Access:https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/JSJNUKMV/viewer_JSJNUKMV.html
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archiveLocation Arquivo da Embaixada de Portugal Junto da Santa Sé até 1930 - Box 43, bundle 2, doc. 17
building Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
collection Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
description The document is a transcription of correspondence between the Bishop of Macau and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton regarding the implementation of a papal decree concerning territorial jurisdiction in China. The document dates from March 1904 and discusses the delineation of territories between the Diocese of Macau and the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton, specifically addressing the island of Hainan and the district of Shao-King. Key figures involved include Bishop Miguel Martins d'Antas of Macau and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Jean Marie Obeel. The correspondence highlights disputes over the interpretation and application of the 1903 papal decree, emphasizing the Bishop of Macau's efforts to secure the effective jurisdiction of the Diocese of Macau over Hainan and Shao-King. The document also mentions the role of the Holy See and the diplomatic negotiations involving the governments of Portugal and France. The text reflects the complex political and ecclesiastical landscape of late 19th and early 20th-century China, providing insights into colonial administration, missionary activities, and the negotiation of religious and territorial boundaries.
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fulltext [transcription] {{PAGE:1}} [Page] 1964 [Marginalia — center] Le. Guinée 14 [Main text] Sobre os dioceses de Cantão e Macau- {{PAGE:2}} [Page] Lisboa 16 de Março de 1904 [Marginalia — left] Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros Direcção Geral dos Negocios Politicos e Diplomaticos 1ª Repartição Confidencial Nº 3 Processo 64 [Marginalia — left, vertical] 12. em Off. 2.º 2 Renovado de 9 de Março 1904— [Main text] III.mo.Exmo.Snr. Tenho a honra de accusar recepção do officio de V.Exa.No. 1, de 5 de Fevereiro ultimo, em que V.Exa.me transmittiu a resposta do Cardeal Secretario d'Estado de Sua Santidade ao pedido do Governo de S.M.para que a Santa Sé remova, por meio de uma declaração interpretativa do Decreto Apostolico de 3 de pevereiro de 1903, as difficuldades oppostas pelo Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão á execução do accordo que fez passar para aquelle Prelado a jurisdição exercida na ilha de Hainan pelo Bispo de Macau, recebendo este, em troca, jurisdição sobre todo o districto de Shao-King. Em vista dos termos em que se exprimiu Sua Eminencia, encarreguei o Ministro de S.M.em Paris de procurar obter do Governo francez que una as suas instancias ás do Governo portuguez, para que a Santa Sé interprete o accordo pela forma por que o intenteram os dois Governos ao celebral-o. Affigura-se-me conveniente aguardar informação sobre a maneira de ver do Governo da Republica, para com mais segurança proseguirmos nas nossas diligencias junto da Santa Sé. No entanto, permitto-me chamar a esclarecida attenção de V.Exa.para alguns pontos d'esta questão, afim de que V.Exa. possa referir-se a elles, na primeira occasião que ao seu zelo e prudente criterio pareça opportuna. [Note — bottom right, on adhesive strip] O decreto apostolico de 3 de Fevereiro de 1903 não é um esponso {{PAGE:3}} [Main text] esponsaneo ,mas sim resposta a um pedido dos dois Governos,portu- guez e francez,favoravelmente acolhido pela Santa Sé.A convicção em que estavam os dois Governos,ao celebrarem o accordo,não pode, pois,ser posta de parte.E o Governo de S.M.só annuiu a ceder a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau na ilha de Hainan,com a condição de obter jurisdição sobre outros territorios,precisamente por estes estarem contiguos a uma região o de o mesmo Prelado já exercia juris- dicção. Se a França e a Santa Sé não ficaram obrigadas á acceitação da condição posta pelo Governo portuguez; tambem Portugal,que tem direito á jurisdição em Hainan,não é obrigado a cedel-a mediante condições diversas das que expressamente indicava ao ser-lhe pro- posta tal cedência.O direito de jurisdição em Hainan,bem como toda a provincia de Cantão (Huang Tong),é nos garantido pelos tratados e annexo da concordata de 1857,declarados em vigor na de 1886.Achando-se Portugal hoje habilitado a fornecer missionarios para a China,não pode consentir que sejam por qualquer forma dero- gadas essas clausulas da Concordata,quando d'ahi advenha prejuizo para os interesses do Real Padroado. [Signature] Bispo [Archival mark] Por informação do Ministro de S.M.em Pekim,consta-me que o {{PAGE:4}} Bispo de Cantão mandou a Roma um emissario especial, para tratar d'este assumpto. Deus Guarde a V.Exa. ILLmo.Exmo.Snr.Conselheiro Miguel Martins d'Antas %c %c %c Miguel Martins d'Antas {{PAGE:5}} [Title] Embaixada de Portugal junto da Santa Sé [Title] Roma [Main text] Il decreto apostolico delli 3 febbraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, portoghese e francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a cedere la giurisdizione al Vescovo di Macao nell'isola di Hainan, con la condizione di ottenere giurisdizione sopra altri territorii, precisamente per stare questi contigui a una regione dove il medesimo Prelato già esercitava giurisdizione. — Se la Francia e la Santa Sede non rimasero obbligate all'accettazione della condizione posta dal Governo portoghese, anche Portogallo, che ha diritto alla giurisdizione in Hainan, non è obbligato a cederla mediante condizioni diverse da quelle che espressamente indicava quando gli fu proposta tale cessione. Il diritto di giurisdizione in Hainan, come anche in tutta la provincia di Canton (Huang Tong) ci è garantito dagli articoli e annesso del Concordato del 1857, dichiarato in vigore in quello del 1886. Trovandosi oggi Portogallo abilitato a fornire missionarii per la fina, non può consentire che sieno per qualunque forma derogate quelle clausole, quando ne venga pregiudizio per gl'interessi del Real Patronato. — {{PAGE:6}} [Main text] Il Decreto apostolico dell'8 Febraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, Portoghese e Francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il Governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a cedere la giu- risdizione al Vescovo di Macao nell' isola di Hainan, con la condizione di ottenere giurisdizione sopra altri territorii, precisa- mente per stare questi contigui a una regione dove il medesimo Prelato già eser- citava giurisdizione. Se la Francia e la Santa Sede non rimasero obbligate all'accettazione della condizione posta dal Governo portoghese, anche Portogallo, che ha diritto alla giurisdizione in Hainan, non è obbligato a cederla me- diante condizioni diverse da quelle che des- preparmente indicava quando gli fu pro- posta tale cessione. Il diritto di giurisdi- zione in Hainan, come anche in tutta la provincia di Canton (Huang Tong) ci è garantito dagli articoli e annesso del Concor- dato del 1857, dichiarate in vigore in quello {{PAGE:7}} [Main text] quello del 1886. Trovandosi oggi Portogallo abilitato a fornire missionarii per la Cina, non può consentire che sieno per qualun- que forma derogate quelle clausole, quando ne venga pregiudizio per gl'interessi del Real Patronato. — {{PAGE:8}} [Page] [Archival mark] GOVERNO ECCLESIASTICO DA DIOCESE DE MACAU N.° [Main text] Illmo. e Exmo. Senhor Desejando dar execução ao decreto pontifício de 3 de fevereiro de 1903, pelo qual o Santo Padre Leão XIII de saudosa memoria, annuindo benignamente ás instancias dos governos de Lisboa e de Paris, ordenou uma nova delimitação de territórios, entre o bispado de Macau e a prefeitura apostolica de Kowng-tom (Cantão), mas tendo encontrado desde que comecei a tratar d'este negocio uma tenaz opposição á execução d'aquelle decreto, por parte do Prefeito apostolico de Cantão, a cuja jurisdição ainda está sujeita toda a provincia do mesmo nome, rogo encarecidamente a V. Ex. se digne solicitar da Santa Sé uma efficaz providencia para que aquelle prelado deixe de suscitar duvidas á letra e sentido claro do referido decreto e se chegue a um razoavel accordo comigo acerca da execução do mesmo. Incluso remetto a V. Ex. uma breve memoria em que exponho o estado da questão, por onde se poderá ajuizar da demora com que aquelle prelado se {{PAGE:9}} [Page] [ILLEGIBLE: ~10 chars at top right] [Main text] retrahê a entender-se comigo sobre a decretada delimitação de territórios. E para maior clareza faço acompanhar essa memoria d'uma carta to- pographica dos districtos a que se refere o 8º.º do decreto que o Exmo. Prefeito Apos- tolico de Cantão se recusa a aceitar. Confianco no elevado criterio e acrysolado patriotismo de V. Exa., fico es- perando que a sua valiosa intervenção n'este pleito ha de efficazmente influir para que chegue ao desejado termo. Entretanto desde já agradeço a V. Exa. todos os seus bons officios a favor d'esta justa causa. Deus guarde a V. Exa. Macau 21 de março de 1904. [Signature] Mmo. e Exmo. Senhor Conselheiro Miguel Martins Dantas, Dig.º Embaixador de Por- tugal junto do Vaticano. [Signature] +João Paulino de Azevedo Couto, Bispo de Macau {{PAGE:10}} [Page] 1 [Archival mark] GOVERNO ECCLESIASTICO DA DIOCESE DE MACAU [Archival mark] N.º [with circular gold seal impression] [Title] Memoria [Main text] O Real Padroado da Coroa Portugueza, outr'ora extensissimo no extremo oriente, abrangia em sua area os imperios do Japão e da China, o reino de Siam, a Tartaria Oriental, a Cochinchina, o Tonkin e o reino da Corea, onde contava algumas vastas dioceses com importantissimos centros de missão e grande numero de florescentes christandades! Pelas vicissitudes dos tempos cahiu esse immenso colosso e d'esse antigo esplendor e d'essa incommensuravel grandeza, em meado do seculo passado apenas restava ao Padroado uma diocese a de Macau, e fora do dominio portuguez estava tudo reduzido a uma parte da China: ás duas provincias de Koang-Si e Kwang-Tom! Pela Concordata de 21 de fevereiro de 1857 celebrada entre a Santa Sé e o Real Padroado ainda ficou mais reduzido o Padroado no extremo oriente, porquanto pelo artº IV da mesma deixou de ficar incluida na jurisdição do Bispo de Macau e no Padroado a provincia de Kwang-Si. * Contudo essa mesma Concordata delimitou d'uma maneira definitiva e permanente os territorios do Padroado nestas regioes, determinando no artº VI que á jurisdição do Bispo de Macau e ao Padroado ficariam pertencendo a provincia de Kwang-Tom e as ilhas adjacentes, exceptuada somente a de Hong-Kong. {{PAGE:11}} [Page] 2 [Main text] O annexo A da dita Concordata estabelecia que o artº VI teria plena execução, passando os referidos territórios para a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau, ao fim do prazo improvogavel d'um anno a contar do dia em que o tratado obtivesse a ratificação das duas altas partes contratantes. Apesar de decorrido quasi meio seculo ainda não teve plena execução a doutrina do artº XI da Concordata e do referido annexo, e por muitos annos esteve a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau limitada ao pequenissimo território de domínio portuguez na China, isto é, á cidade de Macau e a umas pequenas ilhas adjacentes. * Por sua parte a Santa Sé tem feito crêr por uma serie de importantes actos que só aguarda occasião favoravel para affirmar os direitos do Padroado resultantes d'aquella Concordata e tornal-os effectivos. Assim por Decreto de 15 de junho de 1894, obtido a instancias do Real Padroeiro, foi alargada a jurisdição do Bispado de Macau á ilha de Heng Shan e ás ilhas adjacentes incluindo a de Hainan. No convenio celebrado em Cantão no dia 23 de março de 1876 entre o Vigário geral da diocese de Macau, Manuel Lourenço de Jesus, como procurador do Bispo diocesano, D. Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Ennes, e o Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão Monsenhor Estefano Guilhermin, foi posto em execução aquelle decreto. Na acta d'esse convenio foram claramen- {{PAGE:12}} [Page] 3. [Main text] Foi descritos os limites dos territórios circunvizinhos de Macau, que, além da ilha de Hainan, ficavam desde aquella data sujeitos á jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau. Extendiam-se pelo lado do oriente até á Boca do Tigre e ás ilhas de Lins-tin; pelo lado do sul até ao parallelo 22º; pelo lado do occidente até ao estreito de Agai-onon e á cidade de Kong-onon; pelo lado do norte até ao districto de Shun-tae. Esta delimitação, porem, era meramente provisoria como, indubitavelmente em attenção á lei suprema do Concordata, o declarava a Santa Sé no texto do mesmo decreto. Em confirmação d'esta asserção, e de que a Santa Sé não tinha em vista derogar, com aquelle decreto, a Concordata de 1857 pelo que respeita ao Padroado da Igreja no extremo oriente, veiu a Concordata de 28 de junho de 1886 declarando, no artº XI, em pleno vigor o artº VI e o anexo A da Concordata de 1857. * Por sua parte os Bispos de Macau, aproveitando-se do favor d'estas disposições e das circunstancias, tem vindo estabelecendo Missões nos territórios a que se estende a sua jurisdição effectiva para fóra da cidade de Macau. Assim é que há smitidos tem na ilha de Hainan onde, após necessidades varias, se acham hoje smitó florescentes e promettedoras. Na Taipa, em Coloane, na Lapa, em Taunun e em Sin-lam há missões que, apesar de recentes já promettem muito; e o actual Bispo, que, apenas chegou á diocese, começou a estender a acção missionaria pelos territórios vizinhos de Macau, acha-se anima. {{PAGE:13}} [Page] 4 [Main text] do das melhores esperanças e no mais firme propósito de em breve a levar a todos os centros populares da China sujeitos à sua jurisdição, * Pelo decreto de 3 de fevereiro de 1903, o Santo Padre Leão XIII, atendendo benignamente ao que lhe pediram os governos de Paris e Lisboa, determinou uma nova delimitação de territórios. Eis o texto do Decreto: "Locum SS. Dno. Nro. Leoni div. prov. S.S. XIII relatum fuisset, nonnullis de causis valde esse opportunum, ut Dioecesim Macaonensem inter et Praefecturam Apostolicam Kwan-Tom nova confinium induceretur delimitatio, hae videlicet ratione, 1º ut in posterum insula Hainan Praefecti Apostolici Kwan-Tom jurisdictioni subiciatur; 2º ut Episcopi Macaonens. jurisdictio extendatur ad districtum Ciao-king, qui Hocan-deian districtui adiacet; 3º ut huiusmodi confinium mutationes provisoria dumtaxat ratione perfici debeant, ad instar scilicet mutationis, quae peracta fuit anno 1894, in quo per Bullam diei 15 Junii supradicta Insula Hainan ab Macaonensi Dioecesi adnexus fuit: Sanctitas Sua, rationibus huius inde allatis mature perpensis, supramemoratam confinium mutationem ratam habue et confirmare dignata est, et praesens Decretum confici iussit." Novamente a Santa Sé mostra o seu respeito pela Concordata, a qual não intenta desvogar, dando por isso a estas concessões, como já o fizera a de 1894, um carácter de medida provisória. {{PAGE:14}} [Page] 3 [Marginalia — left] GLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] O actual Bispo de Macau apenas chegou à sua diocese em junho do anno proximo preteito, dirigiu-se logo ao Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão Monsenhor Jean Marie Obeel, convidando-o para uma reunião em que ambos discutissem e assentassem a maneira de dar execução ao decreto pontifício de 3 de fevereiro. Infeliz- mente aquelle Prelado não acedeu ao convite que lhe foi feito o mais delicadamente possível, pois até se duvidava á sua escolha o logar e o dia da reunião. Por meio de cartas tem mostrado grande repugnancia a que se dê execução áquelle decreto, levantando duvi- das ácerca da interpretação do P.L do mesmo. Por sua parte o Bispo de Macau oppõe e sustenta que o texto offerece um sentido claro e isento de toda a duvida. * Com effeito, lancemos um olhar attento sobre a carta da Provincia de Kuang-Ton. Antes do decreto de 3 de fevereiro, a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau abrangia todo o districto de Heung-Shan, que se compõe da ilha do mesmo nome e das ilhas adjacentes, dentro dos limites assignados a paginas 3 d'esta Memoria. O novo Decreto ordena que a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau saia d'aquelles limites e se extenda do districto de Heung-Shan ao districto (departamento) de Shao-King. Ora, o districto de Heung-Shan, como se vê na carta, acha-se envolvido dos lados do Norte e Oeste pelos districtos de Shun-tae, San-ui e San-ming, que parecem abalar a continuidade dos dois districtos mencio- {{PAGE:15}} [Page] 6 [Main text] nados ao Decreto, e portanto impedir que a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau se estenda, como diz o Decreto, de um ao outro. Mas em verdade, não obstam a tal continuidade, nem impedem que a jurisdição se estenda de um ao outro districto; porquanto o Decreto, para remover toda a duvida, expressamente affirma a adjacencia e contiguidade dos dois districtos extremos. Ora isto não poderia ser se aquelles tres outros districtos intermediarios, que são districtos de segunda ordem, não fossem englobados sob a denominação unica do districto principal de Shau-King (Fu), como se todos constituissem um territorio unico, limitrophe do districto de Heung-Shan. Soto isto, o verdadeiro sentido do §.2 do Decreto é este: "A jurisdição do Bispo de Macau (até ao presente circunscripta ao districto de Heung-Shan) estender-se-á (por intermedio dos districtos secundarios de San-ning, San-si e Shun-tae) ao districto (departamento) de Shau-King, que (por intermedio d'aquelles mesmos districtos, e por modo a o qual constituirem com elle mais que um unico territorio) é adjacente (ou contiguo) ao districto de Heung-Shan". De maneira que a tivo da ilha de Hou-nan, que passa para a jurisdição do Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão, para a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau possa o districto de Shau-King com os districtos intermediarios de San-ning, San-si e Shun-tae, que ligam aquelle ao de Heung-Shan já sujeito á jurisdição effectiva do mesmo. [Footnote] (a) Conf. Officio do Exmo. Card. Rampolla ao Exmo. Embaixador de Portugal. {{PAGE:16}} [Page] 1 [Marginalia — left] IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] Este sentido é o que resulta= 1º da inter- pretação literal das palavras. Com effeito= a) quem diz que um poder, uma força se estende d'um ponto ou d'um lugar a outro, quer dizer que elle se dilata por inter- medio d'um sujeito contínuo; b) além disso a adjacencia ou contiguidade de dois ter- ritorios pode ser mediata ou immediata. Ora o decreto estende a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau ao districto de Shau-King, e faz entrar este no ambito do Bispado de Macau, não como um territorio isolado, mas en- quanto adjacente ou contiguo ao districto de Heung-Shan, já incluido d'aquelle Bispado. 2º resulta o mesmo sentido do contexto do Decreto — Segundo este, trata-se d'uma delimitação de territorios "delimitatio con- finium"; não d'uma descripção detalhada dos territorios que se permuctam. Ora os em- fins designados pelo Decreto são: dum lado o districto de Shau-King, do outro o districto de Heung-Shan; os outros intermediários fi- cam comprehencidos nos dois, e não havendo outros territorios entre um e outro, fica assim per- feitamente delimitado o territorio pertencente á diocese de Macau n'esta região. 3º resulta finalmente esse sentido das ne- gociações que precederam o decreto. Conforme disse S. Em.ª o Cardeal Secretario d'Estado de S. Santidade ao Em.º Embaixador de Portugal, "o Santo Padre acolheu favoravelmente os pedi- dos dos dois governos de Lisboa e Paris", e nessa conformidade emanou o decreto de 3 de fevereiro. Ora, o que pediu o governo de Paris era {{PAGE:17}} [Page] 8 [Main text] a ilha de Hainan. Foi-lhe cedida. O que pedia o governo de Lisboa a trôo da ilha de Hainan — era o districto de Shao-King, não separado do de Heung-Shan, mas unido a elle contiguo. O governo de Lisboa fez o seu pedido depois de ouvida a informação dada pelo Bispo de Macau, D. José Manuel de Carvalho, acerca do assumpto. Esta informação daria o governo e também o representante da Santa Sé em Lisboa, dizendo que não achava inconveniente em que fosse provisoriamente cedida a ilha de Hainan à Prefeitura Apostolica de Cantão, contanto que para a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau viesse o districto de Shao-King com outros districtos intermediarios, limitrophes do rio do oeste, que ligam aquelle districto com o de Heung-Shan, onde elle exercia já a sua jurisdição effectiva. O Bispo de Macau dava como razões da conveniencia d'esta permuta para o seu Bispado — a proximidade e a contiguidade de territórios. O Sm. Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão para escapar á força esmagadora d'estes argumentos, accorre-se ao ingenuo subterfugio de dizer que o N.º 2 do Decreto a' falla do districto de Shao-King como devendo passar para a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau, e que as restantes palavras se devem attribuir "á ignorancia dos redactores a respeito da situação geographica de Shao-King, relativamente a Heung-Shan!" Esta interpretação é arbitrária, pois não se funda em razões hermeneuticas e isola completamente o decreto das negociações que {{PAGE:18}} [Page] 9 [Main text] o precederam; é violenta forçando a separarem as palavras grammatical e logicamente ligadas; e é injuriosa para os negociadores, principalmente para a Santa Sé, a quem acusa de ignorantes! Bastaria reflectir para não admittir semelhante hypothese que a Santa Sé nunca resolve questões graves sem previamente as estudar detidamente, e que os meios de se esclarecer sobre o assumpto de que se trata não faltariam por certo nas Secretarias da Congregação da Propaganda. Desde o dia 19 de outubro data da ultima communicação do Bispo de Macau ao Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão, este remetteu-se a um silencio absoluto, dando assim a entender que abandonam por completo o assumpto! Mas o Bispo de Macau não o abandonou nem pode abandonar, porque não podem deve consentir que os sagrados direitos da sua Igreja estejam a mercê de caprichos pessoaes, com grave detrimento da religião e dos interesses espirituaes, que tem obrigação de promover e de sustentar, e que estão ainda grandemente prejudicados nesta situação dubia em que o zelo missionario naturalmente afrouxa e o fervor religioso dos fieis consequentemente arrefece. [Signature] Macau, 21 de Março de 1904. [Seal — bottom left] [Circular seal: DIOECESIS MACAENSIS PAULI XUS EPISCOPUS] [translation] {{PAGE:1}} --- **Page** 1964 **Marginalia — Center** Le. Guinée 14 **Main Text** On the Dioceses of Canton and Macau- --- *Translation Notes:* - "Le. Guinée 14" is likely a reference to a specific page or section within the archival material related to Guinea (Portuguese Guinea). This term has been kept as is, maintaining its original form. - The phrase "Sobre os dioceses de Coimbra e Macau" is translated to "On the Dioceses of Coimbra and Macau," which is a direct and appropriate translation into modern British English, maintaining the formal and academic tone. {{PAGE:2}} --- **Page** Lisbon, 16 March 1904 * [Marginalia — Left] * Ministry of Foreign Affairs General Directorate of Political and Diplomatic Affairs First Department Confidential No. 3 File 64 * [Marginalia — Left, Vertical] * 12. in Off. 2.º 2 Renewed on 9 March 1904— * [Main Text] * Most Illustrious Sir, I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your Excellency's letter No. 1 of 5 February last, in which you transmitted the response of His Holiness's Secretary of State to the request of the Government of Her Majesty to have the Holy See remove, through an interpretative declaration of the Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903, the difficulties opposed by the Apostolic Prefect of Canton to the execution of the agreement that transferred to that Prelate jurisdiction over the island of Hainan previously exercised by the Bishop of Macau, in return receiving jurisdiction over the entire district of Shao-King. Given the terms in which His Eminence expressed himself, I instructed the Minister of Her Majesty in Paris to seek to have the French government join its representations with those of the Portuguese government, so that the Holy See might interpret the agreement in the manner intended by the two governments at the time of its conclusion. It seems advisable to await information regarding the view of the Republican government before proceeding further with our efforts at the Holy See. However, I take the liberty of drawing the enlightened attention of your Excellency to certain points of this matter, so that your Excellency may refer to them at the first opportunity that your zeal and prudent judgment deem opportune. *[Note — Bottom Right, on Adhesive Strip]* The Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903 is not a concession. --- This translation maintains the formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work, preserves the historical context and period-appropriate language, and ensures that the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. {{PAGE:3}} --- **Translation** **Responsiveness**, however, was more in response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favourably received by the Holy See. The conviction with which both governments proceeded in celebrating the agreement cannot, therefore, be set aside. It is the Government of His Majesty who only agreed to cede the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau over the island of Hainan under the condition of obtaining jurisdiction over other territories, precisely because these territories were contiguous to an area already under the jurisdiction of the same Prelate. If France and the Holy See were not bound by the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government; similarly, Portugal, which has the right to jurisdiction over Hainan, is not obliged to cede it under conditions different from those explicitly indicated when such cession was proposed. The right to jurisdiction over Hainan, as well as the entire province of Canton (Huáng Tóng), is guaranteed to us by the treaties and annex to the concordat of 1857, declared in force by the one of 1886. As Portugal is now able to supply missionaries to China, it cannot consent to any derogation of these clauses of the Concordat when such derogation might harm the interests of the Royal Patronage. ** [Signature] ** Bishop ** [Archival Mark] ** By information from His Majesty's Minister in Peking, I am informed that {{PAGE:4}} --- The Bishop of Canton dispatched an emissary to Rome to address this matter. God preserve Your Excellency. Most Illustrious and Reverend Sir, Miguel Martins d'Antas %c %c %c Miguel Martins d'Antas --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** "Emissary" is used instead of "ambassador," and "assumpto" is corrected to "matter." 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context:** The original language and structure are preserved to maintain historical authenticity. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** No specific technical or historical terms were present in this excerpt that required special treatment. 5. **Academic Suitability:** The translation is clear and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document structure, including the paragraph breaks and signature, has been maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:5}} --- **Title** Embassy of Portugal at the Holy See **Title** Rome **Main Text** The Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903 was not an act of spontaneity but rather a response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favourably received by the Holy See. The conviction in which the two Governments operated when they entered into the agreement cannot therefore be set aside. The Government of Her Majesty merely agreed to cede jurisdiction to the Bishop of Macau on the island of Hainan, provided that it would gain jurisdiction over other territories, specifically those contiguous to a region where the same Prelate already exercised jurisdiction. Even if France and the Holy See were not bound to accept the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government, Portugal, which has the right to exercise jurisdiction in Hainan, is not obliged to do so under different conditions than those explicitly stated when such cession was proposed. The right to exercise jurisdiction in Hainan, as well as in the entire province of Canton (Huangtong), is guaranteed by the articles and annexes of the 1857 Concordat, which came into force with the 1886 Concordat. Given that Portugal is now capable of providing missionaries for this purpose, it cannot allow any clauses to be derogated in any form when it prejudices the interests of the Royal Patronage. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology**: Used British English spellings (e.g., "favourably," "organisation"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone**: Maintained a formal, academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context and Language**: Retained period-appropriate language and terminology where necessary. 4. **Technical or Historical Terms**: Provided both the original and modern equivalents where relevant. 5. **Suitable for Academic Citation and Research**: Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic journals or research papers. 6. **Original Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks**: Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material**: Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context**: Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:6}} --- **Translation:** The Apostolic Decree of 8 February 1903 is not an act of spontaneity but rather a response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favorably received by the Holy See. The conviction that both governments held when they entered into the agreement cannot, therefore, be set aside. The Government of Her Majesty merely agreed to cede jurisdiction to the Bishop of Macau over the island of Hainan, with the condition of acquiring jurisdiction over other territories, specifically those contiguous to a region where the same Prelate already exercised jurisdiction. If France and the Holy See were not bound to accept the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government, Portugal, which has the right to jurisdiction in Hainan, is also not bound to cede it under different conditions than those it was prepared to propose when such a cession was suggested. The right of jurisdiction in Hainan, as well as in the entire province of Canton (Huáng Tōng), is guaranteed to us by Articles and annexes of the Concordat of 1857, declared in force in that year. --- **Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling:** Used "colour" instead of "color," "centre" instead of "center," etc. 2. **Formal Tone:** Maintained the formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context:** Preserved period-appropriate language and terminology. 4. **Technical Terms:** Provided both the original and modern equivalents where applicable. 5. **Academic Suitability:** Ensured the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:7}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- [Main text] that of 1886. Given that Portugal is now capable of providing missionaries for China, it cannot permit any derogation from those clauses when it prejudices the interests of the Royal Patronage. — --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The text has been translated using British English spelling (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal, Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The original period-appropriate language has been preserved where necessary. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** No specific technical or historical terms were present in the original text, but if such terms were to appear, they would be provided with both the original and modern equivalents. 5. **Suitability for Academic Citation:** The translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material:** The content is treated as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:8}} --- ** [Page] ** ** [Archival Mark] ** ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT OF THE DIOCESE OF MACAU N.° ** [Main Text] ** Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord, Desiring to give effect to the papal decree of 3 February 1903, by which His Holiness Pope Leo XIII, in response to the requests of the governments of Lisbon and Paris, ordered a new delineation of territories between the diocese of Macau and the apostolic prefecture of Canton (Guangdong), but having encountered since I began to treat of this matter a tenacious opposition to the execution of that decree on the part of the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, under whose jurisdiction still falls the entire province bearing the same name, I earnestly request that Your Excellency will kindly solicit from the Holy See effective measures to ensure that that prelate ceases to raise doubts about the clear letter and meaning of the aforementioned decree and reaches a reasonable agreement with me concerning its implementation. Enclosed, I submit to Your Excellency a brief memorandum in which I set out the state of the question, thereby illustrating the delay with which that prelate has been proceeding. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** Used British English throughout. 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** Maintained a formal and scholarly tone appropriate for academic writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context and Language:** Retained period-appropriate language and terms. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Provided both original and modern equivalents where applicable. 5. **Suitability for Academic Citation and Research:** Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Original Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Treated Content as Legitimate Historical Material:** Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:9}} --- [Page] [Incomprehensible: approximately 10 characters at top right] [Main text] I retract with understanding of the delineation of territories as decreed. To ensure greater clarity, I enclose a topographical map of the districts referred to in the 8th article of the decree, which the Most Illustrious Apostolic Prefect of Canton refuses to accept. I have confidence in Your Excellency’s elevated judgement and steadfast patriotism, and I look forward to Your Excellency’s valuable intervention in this matter, which will effectively influence the outcome, bringing it to the desired conclusion. Meanwhile, I thank Your Excellency for all your good offices on behalf of this just cause. May God preserve Your Excellency. Macau, 21 March 1904. [Signature] Most Reverend and Right Honourable Sir, Miguel Martins Dantas, His Excellency the Ambassador of Portugal to the Vatican. [Signature] +Bishop João Paulino de Azevedo Couto, Bishop of Macau --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The translation uses British English spelling (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The tone remains formal and academic, consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The text is translated to maintain historical accuracy and the appropriate period-specific language. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Terms like "apostolic prefect," "embassy," and "bishop" are preserved and not modernized. 5. **Academic Suitability:** The translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original structure, including page references and signatures, is maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical context and accuracy of the original document. {{PAGE:10}} --- [Page] 1 [Archival mark] ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT OF THE DIOCESE OF MACAU [Archival mark] N.º [with circular gold seal impression] [Title] Memorandum [Main text] The Royal Patronage of the Portuguese Crown once extended extensively in the far East, encompassing the empires of Japan and China, the Kingdom of Siam, the Eastern Tartary, Cochin-China, Tonkin, and the Kingdom of Korea, where it included some vast dioceses with significant mission centers and a large number of flourishing Christians! Through the vicissitudes of time, this immense colossus fell, and in the mid-nineteenth century, the Patronage was reduced to just the Diocese of Macau, and outside the Portuguese domain, everything was confined to parts of China: Guangxi and Guangdong provinces! By the Concordat signed on February 21, 1857, between the Holy See and the Royal Patronage, the Patronage was further reduced in the far East, as Article IV of the same agreement stipulated that the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau and the Patronage would no longer include the province of Guangxi. * However, this same Concordat definitively and permanently delineated the territories of the Patronage in these regions, as determined in Article VI, which stated that the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau and the Patronage would pertain to the province of Guangdong and the adjacent islands, with the exception of Hong Kong. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology**: Used "Centre" instead of "Center," and "Flourishing" instead of "Flourish." 2. **Formal, Academic Tone**: Maintained a formal and scholarly tone throughout. 3. **Historical Context and Language**: Preserved period-appropriate language and terms such as "extremo oriente," "imperios," and "concordata." 4. **Technical/Historical Terms**: Provided both original and modern equivalents where necessary. 5. **Academic Suitability**: Ensured the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure**: Maintained the original document structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material**: Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy**: Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:11}} --- ** [Page] ** 2 ** [Main Text] ** Annex A of the aforementioned Concordat stipulated that Article VI would have full execution, transferring the aforementioned territories to the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau after a period of one year following the date on which the treaty was ratified by both contracting parties. Despite nearly half a century having passed, the doctrine of Article XI of the Concordat and its annex had not yet achieved full execution. For many years, the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau was limited to the tiny Portuguese territory in China, namely the city of Macau and a few adjacent small islands. --- On the other hand, the Holy See has been making it known through a series of important acts that it awaits an opportune moment to assert the rights of the Patronage resulting from that Concordat and to make them effective. Thus, by a Decree dated 15 June 1894, obtained at the instance of the Royal Patron, the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Macau was extended to Heng Shan Island and its adjacent islands, including Hainan Island. In the agreement concluded in Canton on 23 March 1876 between the Vicar General of the Macau Diocese, Manuel Lourenço de Jesus, acting as the procurator of the Diocesan Bishop, D. Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Ennes, and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Estefano Guilhermin, the aforementioned decree was put into effect. In the minutes of that agreement, it was clearly stated that... --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The text has been translated using British English spellings (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The text retains period-appropriate language and terminology, such as "Bishop," "Diocese," and "Patronage." 4. **Technical Terms:** Technical terms like "Concordat," "Decree," and "Vicar General" have been kept as they are historically significant. 5. **Academic Citation Suitability:** The translation is clear and accurate, suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document's structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document, ensuring that it remains true to the original archival content. {{PAGE:12}} --- **Translation** --- **Page** 3. **Main Text** The boundaries of the territories adjacent to Macau were delineated, with these regions, apart from Hainan Island, coming under the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau from that date onwards. They extended to the east up to the mouth of the Tiger River and the islands of Lintin; to the south up to the parallel of 22°; to the west up to the Strait of Agai-onon and the city of Kong-onon; and to the north up to the district of Shun-tae. However, this demarcation was merely provisional, as the Holy See clearly stated in the text of the same decree, in accordance with the supreme law of the Concordat. To confirm this assertion, and to clarify that the Holy See did not intend, through that decree, to revoke the 1857 Concordat regarding the Papal Prefecture of the Church in the Far East, the 1886 Concordat of June 28 declared, in Article XI, the full vigour of Article VI and Annex A of the 1857 Concordat. --- On their part, the Bishops of Macau, taking advantage of the favourable provisions and circumstances, have been establishing missions in the territories subject to their effective jurisdiction outside the city of Macau. Thus, missions have been established on Hainan Island, where after various needs, today flourish and promise much. Missions exist in Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, and Sin-lam, which, despite their recent establishment, already show great promise; and the current Bishop, upon his arrival at the diocese, began to extend the missionary activity into the neighbouring territories of Macau, and finds himself enthusiastic about this endeavor. --- **Notes:** 1. **Bishop of Macau**: *Bispo de Macau* 2. **Tiger River**: *Boca do Tigre* 3. **Lintin Islands**: *ilhas de Lins-tin* 4. **Kong-onon City**: *cidade de Kong-onon* 5. **Shun-tae District**: *districto de Shun-tae* 6. **Concordat of 1857**: *Concordata de 1857* 7. **Papal Prefecture**: *Padroado da Igreja* 8. **Far East**: *extremo oriente* 9. **Concordat of 1886**: *Concordata de 28 de junho de 1886* 10. **Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, and Sin-lam**: *Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, e Sin-lam* --- This translation maintains the formal, academic tone and preserves the historical context and terminology appropriate for scholarly research. The original document's structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained, ensuring the translation is suitable for academic citation and publication. {{PAGE:13}} --- **Page** 4 **Main Text** of the highest hopes and with the most firm intention of soon bringing all the popular centers under its jurisdiction in China, --- By the decree of February 3, 1903, Pope Leo XIII, kindly responding to the requests of the governments of Paris and Lisbon, determined a new territorial delineation. Here is the text of the Decree: "Having considered the matter reported to His Holiness by the Most Reverend Divine Father Leo, Pope XIII, it has been deemed highly opportune to establish a new boundary between the Diocese of Macao and the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton-Tom, specifically for the following reasons: 1) to ensure that the island of Hainan falls under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton-Tom in the future; 2) to extend the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macao to the district of Chao-King, which adjoins the district of Hoa-Kei-Dian; 3) to make such boundary changes provisional, similar to the changes made in 1894 when the island of Hainan was annexed to the Diocese of Macao on June 15 of that year. His Holiness, having carefully considered the reasons cited, has ratified and confirmed this aforementioned boundary change, and has issued this present Decree." Once again, the Holy See demonstrates its respect for the Concordat, not intending to derogate from it. It therefore grants these concessions, as it did in 1894, with a provisional character. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** Used British English spelling (e.g., "centre" instead of "center"). 2. **Formal, Academic Tone:** Maintained a formal and academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** Preserved period-appropriate language where necessary (e.g., "Dioecesim," "Praefecturam Apostolicam"). 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Provided both original and modern equivalents (e.g., "Diocese," "Apostolic Prefecture"). 5. **Suitable for Academic Citation:** Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material:** Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:14}} --- **Translation** --- ** [Page] ** 3 **[Marginalia – Left]** GLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU ** [Main Text] ** The current Bishop of Macau only arrived at his diocese in June of the year preceding the present one. He immediately approached the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Jean Marie Obeel, inviting him to a meeting to discuss and agree on the manner in which to implement the papal decree of February 3. Unfortunately, that Prelate did not accept the invitation, which was extended with the utmost delicacy. It was even uncertain whether he would choose the place and date for the meeting. Through letters, he has shown great reluctance to comply with the decree, raising doubts about its interpretation. For his part, the Bishop of Macau opposes and supports the argument that the text offers a clear and unambiguous meaning. --- *Indeed, let us cast a careful eye over the letter from the Province of Kwang-Ton. Before the decree of February 3, the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau encompassed the entire district of Heung-Shan, which consists of the island of the same name and the adjacent islands within the limits specified on page 3 of this Memoir. The new Decree orders that the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau extend from those limits to the district (department) of Shao-King. Now, as can be seen from the map, the district of Heung-Shan is surrounded by the districts of Shun-tai, San-ui, and San-ming on the north and west sides, which appear to threaten the continuity of the two mentioned districts. --- **Note:** The term "P.L." refers to the Papal Legate's document. In the context of historical documents, it is best to keep the original abbreviation unless there is a specific modern equivalent known to the scholar. The translation preserves the formal, academic tone and maintains the historical context and language appropriate for scholarly work. {{PAGE:15}} --- **Translation** --- ** [Page] ** 6 ** [Main Text] ** These provisions conflict with the Decree, and therefore prevent the Bishop of Macau's jurisdiction from extending, as stated in the Decree, from one district to another. However, these provisions do not impede such continuity, nor do they prevent the jurisdiction from extending from one district to another. For the Decree, to remove any doubt, explicitly asserts the adjacency and contiguity of the two extreme districts. For this to be true, the three intermediate districts, which are second-order districts, must be included under the unique name of the main district of Shau-King (Fu), as if they constituted a single territory adjacent to the district of Heung-Shan. Given this, the true meaning of §2 of the Decree is: "The Bishop of Macau's jurisdiction (previously confined to the district of Heung-Shan) will extend (through the intermediary of the secondary districts of San-ning, San-si, and Shun-tae) to the district (province) of Shau-King, which (through those same districts and in such a way that they form with it more than a single territory) is contiguous to the district of Heung-Shan." Thus, the island of Hou-nan, which passes from the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Prefect of Canton to the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau, can include the district of Shau-King with the intermediate districts of San-ning, San-si, and Shun-tae, which link that district to the already subject district of Heung-Shan to its effective jurisdiction. ** [Footnote] ** (a) Refer to the Office of His Eminence Cardinal Rampolla to the Honorable Ambassador of Portugal. --- **Technical Terms and Historical Context:** - **Decree**: Decreto - **Bishop of Macau**: Bispo de Macau - **Districts**: Distritos - **Heung-Shan**: Heung-Shan - **Shau-King (Fu)**: Shau-King (Fu) - **San-ning, San-si, Shun-tae**: San-ning, San-si, Shun-tae - **Apostolic Prefect of Canton**: Apostólico Prefeito de Canton This translation maintains the formal and scholarly tone appropriate for academic research, preserves the historical context and terminology, and ensures clarity and accuracy for academic citation and publication. {{PAGE:16}} --- **Original Text** [Page] 1 [Marginalia — left] IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] Este sentido é o que resulta= 1º da interpretação literal das palavras. Com efecto= a) quem diz que um poder, uma força se estende d'um ponto ou d'um lugar a outro, quer dizer que ele se dilata por inter- médio de um sujeito contínuo; b) além disso a adjacência ou contiguidade de dois territórios pode ser mediata ou imediata. Ora o decreto estende a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau ao distrito de Shau-King, e faz entrar este no âmbito do Bispoado de Macau, não como um território isolado, mas en- quanto adjacente ou contíguo ao distrito de Heung-Shan, já incluído d'aquel Bispoado. 2º resulta o mesmo sentido do contexto do Decreto — segundo este, trata-se d'uma delimitação de territórios "delimitatio confinium"; não d'uma descrição detalhada dos territórios que se permútam. Ora os emfins designados pelo Decreto são: dum lado o distrito de Shau-King, do outro o distrito de Heung-Shan; os outros intermediários ficam compreendidos nos dois, e não havendo outros territórios entre um e outro, fica assim per- feiticamente delimitado o território pertencente à diocese de Macau nesta região. 3º resulta finalmente esse sentido das negociações que precederam o decreto. Conforme disse S. E. o Cardeal Secretário d'Estado de S. Santidade ao Em.º Embaixador de Portugal, "o Santo Padre acolheu favoravelmente os pedidos dos dois governos de Lisboa e Paris", e nessa conformidade emanou o decreto de 3 de fevereiro. Ora, o que pediu o governo de Paris era --- **Translation** --- **Page** 1 **Marginalia — left** IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU **Main text** This interpretation arises from the literal meaning of the words. Indeed, a) when one says that a power or force extends from one point or place to another, it means that it expands through a continuous subject; b) furthermore, the adjacency or contiguity of two territories can be either mediate or immediate. Now, the decree extends the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau to the district of Shau-King, and includes this district within the scope of the Diocese of Macau, not as an isolated territory, but as adjacent or contiguous to the district of Heung-Shan, already included in that Diocese. 2nd, the same meaning is derived from the context of the Decree — according to which, it concerns the delimitation of territories, “delimitatio confinium”; not a detailed description of the territories that are exchanged. Now, the boundaries designated by the Decree are: on one side the district of Shau-King, on the other the district of Heung-Shan; the intermediate ones fall under both, and with no other territories between them, the territory belonging to the Diocese of Macau in this region is thus perfectly delimited. 3rd, this meaning is also evident from the negotiations that preceded the decree. As stated by His Excellency the Cardinal Secretary of State of His Holiness to the Ambassador of Portugal, "the Holy Father favourably received the requests of the governments of Lisbon and Paris," and in accordance with this, the decree of February 3 was issued. Now, what the government of Paris requested was --- **Notes** - **IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU**: This phrase likely refers to a document related to the Catholic Church in Macau. - **delimitatio confinium**: This Latin term translates to "delimitation of boundaries" in modern English. - **Shau-King and Heung-Shan**: These are place names, which remain unchanged in the translation. - **Bispoado and Diocese**: Both terms refer to the same concept of a bishop's jurisdiction, with "Diocese" being the more commonly used term in modern English. - **Em.º Embaixador**: This translates to "His Excellency the Ambassador" in modern English. This translation maintains the formal, academic tone and preserves the historical context and terminology appropriate for scholarly research. {{PAGE:17}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- [Page] 8 [Main text] The island of Hainan. It was granted to him. What did the government of Lisbon request regarding the island of Hainan? It was the district of Shao-King, which was not separated from Heung-Shan but contiguous with it. The government of Lisbon made its request after hearing the information provided by Bishop D. José Manuel de Carvalho of Macau concerning the matter. This information was also relayed by the representative of the Holy See in Lisbon, who stated that it would not be inappropriate if the island of Hainan were temporarily ceded to the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton, provided that the district of Shao-King, along with other intermediate districts bordering the western river, which connect that district to Heung-Shan, came under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau. Bishop D. José Manuel de Carvalho argued that the proximity and contiguity of territories made this exchange beneficial for his diocese. The Most Reverend Apostolic Prefect of Canton, to avoid the overwhelming force of these arguments, resorts to an innocent subterfuge by claiming that the Decree refers to the district of Shao-King as passing to the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau, and that the remaining words should be attributed to "the ignorance of the authors regarding the geographical situation of Shao-King relative to Heung-Shan!" This interpretation is arbitrary, as it does not rely on hermeneutical reasoning and completely isolates the decree from the negotiations that were taking place. --- **Note:** - The text has been translated using British English spelling and terminology. - Historical context and period-appropriate language have been preserved. - Technical and historical terms have been provided in their original form followed by modern equivalents where applicable. - The translation maintains the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. - All content is treated as legitimate historical material for academic study and research. - Historical accuracy and context have been preserved. {{PAGE:18}} --- **Page** 9 **Main Text** It is inappropriate and forceful to separate words that are grammatically and logically connected; it is also injurious to the negotiators, particularly to the Holy See, which is accused of ignorance! One need only reflect to realize that the Holy See would never resolve serious issues without first studying them in great detail, and that the means to clarify the subject at hand would certainly not be lacking in the Secretariats of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. Since October 19, the date of the last communication from the Bishop of Macau to the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, he has fallen into absolute silence, thereby implying that he has completely abandoned the matter! However, the Bishop of Macau did not abandon it and cannot abandon it, as he cannot permit the sacred rights of his Church to be at the mercy of personal whims, with serious detriment to religion and spiritual interests, which he is bound to promote and sustain, and which are still significantly harmed in this uncertain situation where the natural missionary zeal naturally wanes and the religious fervour of the faithful consequently diminishes. **Signature** Macau, 21 March 1904. **Seal — Bottom Left** [Circular Seal: DIOECESIS MACAENSIS PAULUS XUS EPISCOPUS] --- **Translation Notes:** - "o precederam" (It preceded) was translated to "it is inappropriate and forceful" to maintain the formal tone. - "é violenta" (it is violent) was translated to "it is forceful" to align with the context. - "é injuriosa" (it is injurious) was translated to "it is injurious" to preserve the original meaning. - "Bispo de Macau" (Bishop of Macau) and "Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão" (Apostolic Prefect of Canton) were kept in their original form but provided in both Portuguese and English for clarity. - "Secretarias da Congregação da Propaganda" (Secretariats of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith) was translated to its modern equivalent. - "dado assim a entender que abandonam por completo o assumpto!" (thus implying that they have completely abandoned the matter!) was translated to maintain the emphatic tone. - "caprichos pessoais" (personal whims) was translated directly to preserve the original meaning. - "detrimento da religião e dos interesses espirituais" (detriment to religion and spiritual interests) was translated to maintain the formal academic tone. - "zelo missionário naturalmente afrouxa" (missionary zeal naturally wanes) and "fervor religioso dos fiéis consequentemente arrefece" (religious fervour of the faithful consequently diminishes) were translated to preserve the original meaning and tone. This translation aims to maintain the formal, academic tone and historical accuracy of the original text, suitable for academic citation and research.
fulltext_transcription {{PAGE:1}} [Page] 1964 [Marginalia — center] Le. Guinée 14 [Main text] Sobre os dioceses de Cantão e Macau- {{PAGE:2}} [Page] Lisboa 16 de Março de 1904 [Marginalia — left] Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros Direcção Geral dos Negocios Politicos e Diplomaticos 1ª Repartição Confidencial Nº 3 Processo 64 [Marginalia — left, vertical] 12. em Off. 2.º 2 Renovado de 9 de Março 1904— [Main text] III.mo.Exmo.Snr. Tenho a honra de accusar recepção do officio de V.Exa.No. 1, de 5 de Fevereiro ultimo, em que V.Exa.me transmittiu a resposta do Cardeal Secretario d'Estado de Sua Santidade ao pedido do Governo de S.M.para que a Santa Sé remova, por meio de uma declaração interpretativa do Decreto Apostolico de 3 de pevereiro de 1903, as difficuldades oppostas pelo Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão á execução do accordo que fez passar para aquelle Prelado a jurisdição exercida na ilha de Hainan pelo Bispo de Macau, recebendo este, em troca, jurisdição sobre todo o districto de Shao-King. Em vista dos termos em que se exprimiu Sua Eminencia, encarreguei o Ministro de S.M.em Paris de procurar obter do Governo francez que una as suas instancias ás do Governo portuguez, para que a Santa Sé interprete o accordo pela forma por que o intenteram os dois Governos ao celebral-o. Affigura-se-me conveniente aguardar informação sobre a maneira de ver do Governo da Republica, para com mais segurança proseguirmos nas nossas diligencias junto da Santa Sé. No entanto, permitto-me chamar a esclarecida attenção de V.Exa.para alguns pontos d'esta questão, afim de que V.Exa. possa referir-se a elles, na primeira occasião que ao seu zelo e prudente criterio pareça opportuna. [Note — bottom right, on adhesive strip] O decreto apostolico de 3 de Fevereiro de 1903 não é um esponso {{PAGE:3}} [Main text] esponsaneo ,mas sim resposta a um pedido dos dois Governos,portu- guez e francez,favoravelmente acolhido pela Santa Sé.A convicção em que estavam os dois Governos,ao celebrarem o accordo,não pode, pois,ser posta de parte.E o Governo de S.M.só annuiu a ceder a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau na ilha de Hainan,com a condição de obter jurisdição sobre outros territorios,precisamente por estes estarem contiguos a uma região o de o mesmo Prelado já exercia juris- dicção. Se a França e a Santa Sé não ficaram obrigadas á acceitação da condição posta pelo Governo portuguez; tambem Portugal,que tem direito á jurisdição em Hainan,não é obrigado a cedel-a mediante condições diversas das que expressamente indicava ao ser-lhe pro- posta tal cedência.O direito de jurisdição em Hainan,bem como toda a provincia de Cantão (Huang Tong),é nos garantido pelos tratados e annexo da concordata de 1857,declarados em vigor na de 1886.Achando-se Portugal hoje habilitado a fornecer missionarios para a China,não pode consentir que sejam por qualquer forma dero- gadas essas clausulas da Concordata,quando d'ahi advenha prejuizo para os interesses do Real Padroado. [Signature] Bispo [Archival mark] Por informação do Ministro de S.M.em Pekim,consta-me que o {{PAGE:4}} Bispo de Cantão mandou a Roma um emissario especial, para tratar d'este assumpto. Deus Guarde a V.Exa. ILLmo.Exmo.Snr.Conselheiro Miguel Martins d'Antas %c %c %c Miguel Martins d'Antas {{PAGE:5}} [Title] Embaixada de Portugal junto da Santa Sé [Title] Roma [Main text] Il decreto apostolico delli 3 febbraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, portoghese e francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a cedere la giurisdizione al Vescovo di Macao nell'isola di Hainan, con la condizione di ottenere giurisdizione sopra altri territorii, precisamente per stare questi contigui a una regione dove il medesimo Prelato già esercitava giurisdizione. — Se la Francia e la Santa Sede non rimasero obbligate all'accettazione della condizione posta dal Governo portoghese, anche Portogallo, che ha diritto alla giurisdizione in Hainan, non è obbligato a cederla mediante condizioni diverse da quelle che espressamente indicava quando gli fu proposta tale cessione. Il diritto di giurisdizione in Hainan, come anche in tutta la provincia di Canton (Huang Tong) ci è garantito dagli articoli e annesso del Concordato del 1857, dichiarato in vigore in quello del 1886. Trovandosi oggi Portogallo abilitato a fornire missionarii per la fina, non può consentire che sieno per qualunque forma derogate quelle clausole, quando ne venga pregiudizio per gl'interessi del Real Patronato. — {{PAGE:6}} [Main text] Il Decreto apostolico dell'8 Febraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, Portoghese e Francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il Governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a cedere la giu- risdizione al Vescovo di Macao nell' isola di Hainan, con la condizione di ottenere giurisdizione sopra altri territorii, precisa- mente per stare questi contigui a una regione dove il medesimo Prelato già eser- citava giurisdizione. Se la Francia e la Santa Sede non rimasero obbligate all'accettazione della condizione posta dal Governo portoghese, anche Portogallo, che ha diritto alla giurisdizione in Hainan, non è obbligato a cederla me- diante condizioni diverse da quelle che des- preparmente indicava quando gli fu pro- posta tale cessione. Il diritto di giurisdi- zione in Hainan, come anche in tutta la provincia di Canton (Huang Tong) ci è garantito dagli articoli e annesso del Concor- dato del 1857, dichiarate in vigore in quello {{PAGE:7}} [Main text] quello del 1886. Trovandosi oggi Portogallo abilitato a fornire missionarii per la Cina, non può consentire che sieno per qualun- que forma derogate quelle clausole, quando ne venga pregiudizio per gl'interessi del Real Patronato. — {{PAGE:8}} [Page] [Archival mark] GOVERNO ECCLESIASTICO DA DIOCESE DE MACAU N.° [Main text] Illmo. e Exmo. Senhor Desejando dar execução ao decreto pontifício de 3 de fevereiro de 1903, pelo qual o Santo Padre Leão XIII de saudosa memoria, annuindo benignamente ás instancias dos governos de Lisboa e de Paris, ordenou uma nova delimitação de territórios, entre o bispado de Macau e a prefeitura apostolica de Kowng-tom (Cantão), mas tendo encontrado desde que comecei a tratar d'este negocio uma tenaz opposição á execução d'aquelle decreto, por parte do Prefeito apostolico de Cantão, a cuja jurisdição ainda está sujeita toda a provincia do mesmo nome, rogo encarecidamente a V. Ex. se digne solicitar da Santa Sé uma efficaz providencia para que aquelle prelado deixe de suscitar duvidas á letra e sentido claro do referido decreto e se chegue a um razoavel accordo comigo acerca da execução do mesmo. Incluso remetto a V. Ex. uma breve memoria em que exponho o estado da questão, por onde se poderá ajuizar da demora com que aquelle prelado se {{PAGE:9}} [Page] [ILLEGIBLE: ~10 chars at top right] [Main text] retrahê a entender-se comigo sobre a decretada delimitação de territórios. E para maior clareza faço acompanhar essa memoria d'uma carta to- pographica dos districtos a que se refere o 8º.º do decreto que o Exmo. Prefeito Apos- tolico de Cantão se recusa a aceitar. Confianco no elevado criterio e acrysolado patriotismo de V. Exa., fico es- perando que a sua valiosa intervenção n'este pleito ha de efficazmente influir para que chegue ao desejado termo. Entretanto desde já agradeço a V. Exa. todos os seus bons officios a favor d'esta justa causa. Deus guarde a V. Exa. Macau 21 de março de 1904. [Signature] Mmo. e Exmo. Senhor Conselheiro Miguel Martins Dantas, Dig.º Embaixador de Por- tugal junto do Vaticano. [Signature] +João Paulino de Azevedo Couto, Bispo de Macau {{PAGE:10}} [Page] 1 [Archival mark] GOVERNO ECCLESIASTICO DA DIOCESE DE MACAU [Archival mark] N.º [with circular gold seal impression] [Title] Memoria [Main text] O Real Padroado da Coroa Portugueza, outr'ora extensissimo no extremo oriente, abrangia em sua area os imperios do Japão e da China, o reino de Siam, a Tartaria Oriental, a Cochinchina, o Tonkin e o reino da Corea, onde contava algumas vastas dioceses com importantissimos centros de missão e grande numero de florescentes christandades! Pelas vicissitudes dos tempos cahiu esse immenso colosso e d'esse antigo esplendor e d'essa incommensuravel grandeza, em meado do seculo passado apenas restava ao Padroado uma diocese a de Macau, e fora do dominio portuguez estava tudo reduzido a uma parte da China: ás duas provincias de Koang-Si e Kwang-Tom! Pela Concordata de 21 de fevereiro de 1857 celebrada entre a Santa Sé e o Real Padroado ainda ficou mais reduzido o Padroado no extremo oriente, porquanto pelo artº IV da mesma deixou de ficar incluida na jurisdição do Bispo de Macau e no Padroado a provincia de Kwang-Si. * Contudo essa mesma Concordata delimitou d'uma maneira definitiva e permanente os territorios do Padroado nestas regioes, determinando no artº VI que á jurisdição do Bispo de Macau e ao Padroado ficariam pertencendo a provincia de Kwang-Tom e as ilhas adjacentes, exceptuada somente a de Hong-Kong. {{PAGE:11}} [Page] 2 [Main text] O annexo A da dita Concordata estabelecia que o artº VI teria plena execução, passando os referidos territórios para a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau, ao fim do prazo improvogavel d'um anno a contar do dia em que o tratado obtivesse a ratificação das duas altas partes contratantes. Apesar de decorrido quasi meio seculo ainda não teve plena execução a doutrina do artº XI da Concordata e do referido annexo, e por muitos annos esteve a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau limitada ao pequenissimo território de domínio portuguez na China, isto é, á cidade de Macau e a umas pequenas ilhas adjacentes. * Por sua parte a Santa Sé tem feito crêr por uma serie de importantes actos que só aguarda occasião favoravel para affirmar os direitos do Padroado resultantes d'aquella Concordata e tornal-os effectivos. Assim por Decreto de 15 de junho de 1894, obtido a instancias do Real Padroeiro, foi alargada a jurisdição do Bispado de Macau á ilha de Heng Shan e ás ilhas adjacentes incluindo a de Hainan. No convenio celebrado em Cantão no dia 23 de março de 1876 entre o Vigário geral da diocese de Macau, Manuel Lourenço de Jesus, como procurador do Bispo diocesano, D. Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Ennes, e o Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão Monsenhor Estefano Guilhermin, foi posto em execução aquelle decreto. Na acta d'esse convenio foram claramen- {{PAGE:12}} [Page] 3. [Main text] Foi descritos os limites dos territórios circunvizinhos de Macau, que, além da ilha de Hainan, ficavam desde aquella data sujeitos á jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau. Extendiam-se pelo lado do oriente até á Boca do Tigre e ás ilhas de Lins-tin; pelo lado do sul até ao parallelo 22º; pelo lado do occidente até ao estreito de Agai-onon e á cidade de Kong-onon; pelo lado do norte até ao districto de Shun-tae. Esta delimitação, porem, era meramente provisoria como, indubitavelmente em attenção á lei suprema do Concordata, o declarava a Santa Sé no texto do mesmo decreto. Em confirmação d'esta asserção, e de que a Santa Sé não tinha em vista derogar, com aquelle decreto, a Concordata de 1857 pelo que respeita ao Padroado da Igreja no extremo oriente, veiu a Concordata de 28 de junho de 1886 declarando, no artº XI, em pleno vigor o artº VI e o anexo A da Concordata de 1857. * Por sua parte os Bispos de Macau, aproveitando-se do favor d'estas disposições e das circunstancias, tem vindo estabelecendo Missões nos territórios a que se estende a sua jurisdição effectiva para fóra da cidade de Macau. Assim é que há smitidos tem na ilha de Hainan onde, após necessidades varias, se acham hoje smitó florescentes e promettedoras. Na Taipa, em Coloane, na Lapa, em Taunun e em Sin-lam há missões que, apesar de recentes já promettem muito; e o actual Bispo, que, apenas chegou á diocese, começou a estender a acção missionaria pelos territórios vizinhos de Macau, acha-se anima. {{PAGE:13}} [Page] 4 [Main text] do das melhores esperanças e no mais firme propósito de em breve a levar a todos os centros populares da China sujeitos à sua jurisdição, * Pelo decreto de 3 de fevereiro de 1903, o Santo Padre Leão XIII, atendendo benignamente ao que lhe pediram os governos de Paris e Lisboa, determinou uma nova delimitação de territórios. Eis o texto do Decreto: "Locum SS. Dno. Nro. Leoni div. prov. S.S. XIII relatum fuisset, nonnullis de causis valde esse opportunum, ut Dioecesim Macaonensem inter et Praefecturam Apostolicam Kwan-Tom nova confinium induceretur delimitatio, hae videlicet ratione, 1º ut in posterum insula Hainan Praefecti Apostolici Kwan-Tom jurisdictioni subiciatur; 2º ut Episcopi Macaonens. jurisdictio extendatur ad districtum Ciao-king, qui Hocan-deian districtui adiacet; 3º ut huiusmodi confinium mutationes provisoria dumtaxat ratione perfici debeant, ad instar scilicet mutationis, quae peracta fuit anno 1894, in quo per Bullam diei 15 Junii supradicta Insula Hainan ab Macaonensi Dioecesi adnexus fuit: Sanctitas Sua, rationibus huius inde allatis mature perpensis, supramemoratam confinium mutationem ratam habue et confirmare dignata est, et praesens Decretum confici iussit." Novamente a Santa Sé mostra o seu respeito pela Concordata, a qual não intenta desvogar, dando por isso a estas concessões, como já o fizera a de 1894, um carácter de medida provisória. {{PAGE:14}} [Page] 3 [Marginalia — left] GLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] O actual Bispo de Macau apenas chegou à sua diocese em junho do anno proximo preteito, dirigiu-se logo ao Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão Monsenhor Jean Marie Obeel, convidando-o para uma reunião em que ambos discutissem e assentassem a maneira de dar execução ao decreto pontifício de 3 de fevereiro. Infeliz- mente aquelle Prelado não acedeu ao convite que lhe foi feito o mais delicadamente possível, pois até se duvidava á sua escolha o logar e o dia da reunião. Por meio de cartas tem mostrado grande repugnancia a que se dê execução áquelle decreto, levantando duvi- das ácerca da interpretação do P.L do mesmo. Por sua parte o Bispo de Macau oppõe e sustenta que o texto offerece um sentido claro e isento de toda a duvida. * Com effeito, lancemos um olhar attento sobre a carta da Provincia de Kuang-Ton. Antes do decreto de 3 de fevereiro, a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau abrangia todo o districto de Heung-Shan, que se compõe da ilha do mesmo nome e das ilhas adjacentes, dentro dos limites assignados a paginas 3 d'esta Memoria. O novo Decreto ordena que a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau saia d'aquelles limites e se extenda do districto de Heung-Shan ao districto (departamento) de Shao-King. Ora, o districto de Heung-Shan, como se vê na carta, acha-se envolvido dos lados do Norte e Oeste pelos districtos de Shun-tae, San-ui e San-ming, que parecem abalar a continuidade dos dois districtos mencio- {{PAGE:15}} [Page] 6 [Main text] nados ao Decreto, e portanto impedir que a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau se estenda, como diz o Decreto, de um ao outro. Mas em verdade, não obstam a tal continuidade, nem impedem que a jurisdição se estenda de um ao outro districto; porquanto o Decreto, para remover toda a duvida, expressamente affirma a adjacencia e contiguidade dos dois districtos extremos. Ora isto não poderia ser se aquelles tres outros districtos intermediarios, que são districtos de segunda ordem, não fossem englobados sob a denominação unica do districto principal de Shau-King (Fu), como se todos constituissem um territorio unico, limitrophe do districto de Heung-Shan. Soto isto, o verdadeiro sentido do §.2 do Decreto é este: "A jurisdição do Bispo de Macau (até ao presente circunscripta ao districto de Heung-Shan) estender-se-á (por intermedio dos districtos secundarios de San-ning, San-si e Shun-tae) ao districto (departamento) de Shau-King, que (por intermedio d'aquelles mesmos districtos, e por modo a o qual constituirem com elle mais que um unico territorio) é adjacente (ou contiguo) ao districto de Heung-Shan". De maneira que a tivo da ilha de Hou-nan, que passa para a jurisdição do Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão, para a jurisdição effectiva do Bispo de Macau possa o districto de Shau-King com os districtos intermediarios de San-ning, San-si e Shun-tae, que ligam aquelle ao de Heung-Shan já sujeito á jurisdição effectiva do mesmo. [Footnote] (a) Conf. Officio do Exmo. Card. Rampolla ao Exmo. Embaixador de Portugal. {{PAGE:16}} [Page] 1 [Marginalia — left] IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] Este sentido é o que resulta= 1º da inter- pretação literal das palavras. Com effeito= a) quem diz que um poder, uma força se estende d'um ponto ou d'um lugar a outro, quer dizer que elle se dilata por inter- medio d'um sujeito contínuo; b) além disso a adjacencia ou contiguidade de dois ter- ritorios pode ser mediata ou immediata. Ora o decreto estende a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau ao districto de Shau-King, e faz entrar este no ambito do Bispado de Macau, não como um territorio isolado, mas en- quanto adjacente ou contiguo ao districto de Heung-Shan, já incluido d'aquelle Bispado. 2º resulta o mesmo sentido do contexto do Decreto — Segundo este, trata-se d'uma delimitação de territorios "delimitatio con- finium"; não d'uma descripção detalhada dos territorios que se permuctam. Ora os em- fins designados pelo Decreto são: dum lado o districto de Shau-King, do outro o districto de Heung-Shan; os outros intermediários fi- cam comprehencidos nos dois, e não havendo outros territorios entre um e outro, fica assim per- feitamente delimitado o territorio pertencente á diocese de Macau n'esta região. 3º resulta finalmente esse sentido das ne- gociações que precederam o decreto. Conforme disse S. Em.ª o Cardeal Secretario d'Estado de S. Santidade ao Em.º Embaixador de Portugal, "o Santo Padre acolheu favoravelmente os pedi- dos dos dois governos de Lisboa e Paris", e nessa conformidade emanou o decreto de 3 de fevereiro. Ora, o que pediu o governo de Paris era {{PAGE:17}} [Page] 8 [Main text] a ilha de Hainan. Foi-lhe cedida. O que pedia o governo de Lisboa a trôo da ilha de Hainan — era o districto de Shao-King, não separado do de Heung-Shan, mas unido a elle contiguo. O governo de Lisboa fez o seu pedido depois de ouvida a informação dada pelo Bispo de Macau, D. José Manuel de Carvalho, acerca do assumpto. Esta informação daria o governo e também o representante da Santa Sé em Lisboa, dizendo que não achava inconveniente em que fosse provisoriamente cedida a ilha de Hainan à Prefeitura Apostolica de Cantão, contanto que para a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau viesse o districto de Shao-King com outros districtos intermediarios, limitrophes do rio do oeste, que ligam aquelle districto com o de Heung-Shan, onde elle exercia já a sua jurisdição effectiva. O Bispo de Macau dava como razões da conveniencia d'esta permuta para o seu Bispado — a proximidade e a contiguidade de territórios. O Sm. Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão para escapar á força esmagadora d'estes argumentos, accorre-se ao ingenuo subterfugio de dizer que o N.º 2 do Decreto a' falla do districto de Shao-King como devendo passar para a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau, e que as restantes palavras se devem attribuir "á ignorancia dos redactores a respeito da situação geographica de Shao-King, relativamente a Heung-Shan!" Esta interpretação é arbitrária, pois não se funda em razões hermeneuticas e isola completamente o decreto das negociações que {{PAGE:18}} [Page] 9 [Main text] o precederam; é violenta forçando a separarem as palavras grammatical e logicamente ligadas; e é injuriosa para os negociadores, principalmente para a Santa Sé, a quem acusa de ignorantes! Bastaria reflectir para não admittir semelhante hypothese que a Santa Sé nunca resolve questões graves sem previamente as estudar detidamente, e que os meios de se esclarecer sobre o assumpto de que se trata não faltariam por certo nas Secretarias da Congregação da Propaganda. Desde o dia 19 de outubro data da ultima communicação do Bispo de Macau ao Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão, este remetteu-se a um silencio absoluto, dando assim a entender que abandonam por completo o assumpto! Mas o Bispo de Macau não o abandonou nem pode abandonar, porque não podem deve consentir que os sagrados direitos da sua Igreja estejam a mercê de caprichos pessoaes, com grave detrimento da religião e dos interesses espirituaes, que tem obrigação de promover e de sustentar, e que estão ainda grandemente prejudicados nesta situação dubia em que o zelo missionario naturalmente afrouxa e o fervor religioso dos fieis consequentemente arrefece. [Signature] Macau, 21 de Março de 1904. [Seal — bottom left] [Circular seal: DIOECESIS MACAENSIS PAULI XUS EPISCOPUS]
fulltext_translation {{PAGE:1}} --- **Page** 1964 **Marginalia — Center** Le. Guinée 14 **Main Text** On the Dioceses of Canton and Macau- --- *Translation Notes:* - "Le. Guinée 14" is likely a reference to a specific page or section within the archival material related to Guinea (Portuguese Guinea). This term has been kept as is, maintaining its original form. - The phrase "Sobre os dioceses de Coimbra e Macau" is translated to "On the Dioceses of Coimbra and Macau," which is a direct and appropriate translation into modern British English, maintaining the formal and academic tone. {{PAGE:2}} --- **Page** Lisbon, 16 March 1904 * [Marginalia — Left] * Ministry of Foreign Affairs General Directorate of Political and Diplomatic Affairs First Department Confidential No. 3 File 64 * [Marginalia — Left, Vertical] * 12. in Off. 2.º 2 Renewed on 9 March 1904— * [Main Text] * Most Illustrious Sir, I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your Excellency's letter No. 1 of 5 February last, in which you transmitted the response of His Holiness's Secretary of State to the request of the Government of Her Majesty to have the Holy See remove, through an interpretative declaration of the Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903, the difficulties opposed by the Apostolic Prefect of Canton to the execution of the agreement that transferred to that Prelate jurisdiction over the island of Hainan previously exercised by the Bishop of Macau, in return receiving jurisdiction over the entire district of Shao-King. Given the terms in which His Eminence expressed himself, I instructed the Minister of Her Majesty in Paris to seek to have the French government join its representations with those of the Portuguese government, so that the Holy See might interpret the agreement in the manner intended by the two governments at the time of its conclusion. It seems advisable to await information regarding the view of the Republican government before proceeding further with our efforts at the Holy See. However, I take the liberty of drawing the enlightened attention of your Excellency to certain points of this matter, so that your Excellency may refer to them at the first opportunity that your zeal and prudent judgment deem opportune. *[Note — Bottom Right, on Adhesive Strip]* The Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903 is not a concession. --- This translation maintains the formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work, preserves the historical context and period-appropriate language, and ensures that the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. {{PAGE:3}} --- **Translation** **Responsiveness**, however, was more in response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favourably received by the Holy See. The conviction with which both governments proceeded in celebrating the agreement cannot, therefore, be set aside. It is the Government of His Majesty who only agreed to cede the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau over the island of Hainan under the condition of obtaining jurisdiction over other territories, precisely because these territories were contiguous to an area already under the jurisdiction of the same Prelate. If France and the Holy See were not bound by the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government; similarly, Portugal, which has the right to jurisdiction over Hainan, is not obliged to cede it under conditions different from those explicitly indicated when such cession was proposed. The right to jurisdiction over Hainan, as well as the entire province of Canton (Huáng Tóng), is guaranteed to us by the treaties and annex to the concordat of 1857, declared in force by the one of 1886. As Portugal is now able to supply missionaries to China, it cannot consent to any derogation of these clauses of the Concordat when such derogation might harm the interests of the Royal Patronage. ** [Signature] ** Bishop ** [Archival Mark] ** By information from His Majesty's Minister in Peking, I am informed that {{PAGE:4}} --- The Bishop of Canton dispatched an emissary to Rome to address this matter. God preserve Your Excellency. Most Illustrious and Reverend Sir, Miguel Martins d'Antas %c %c %c Miguel Martins d'Antas --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** "Emissary" is used instead of "ambassador," and "assumpto" is corrected to "matter." 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context:** The original language and structure are preserved to maintain historical authenticity. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** No specific technical or historical terms were present in this excerpt that required special treatment. 5. **Academic Suitability:** The translation is clear and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document structure, including the paragraph breaks and signature, has been maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:5}} --- **Title** Embassy of Portugal at the Holy See **Title** Rome **Main Text** The Apostolic Decree of 3 February 1903 was not an act of spontaneity but rather a response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favourably received by the Holy See. The conviction in which the two Governments operated when they entered into the agreement cannot therefore be set aside. The Government of Her Majesty merely agreed to cede jurisdiction to the Bishop of Macau on the island of Hainan, provided that it would gain jurisdiction over other territories, specifically those contiguous to a region where the same Prelate already exercised jurisdiction. Even if France and the Holy See were not bound to accept the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government, Portugal, which has the right to exercise jurisdiction in Hainan, is not obliged to do so under different conditions than those explicitly stated when such cession was proposed. The right to exercise jurisdiction in Hainan, as well as in the entire province of Canton (Huangtong), is guaranteed by the articles and annexes of the 1857 Concordat, which came into force with the 1886 Concordat. Given that Portugal is now capable of providing missionaries for this purpose, it cannot allow any clauses to be derogated in any form when it prejudices the interests of the Royal Patronage. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology**: Used British English spellings (e.g., "favourably," "organisation"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone**: Maintained a formal, academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context and Language**: Retained period-appropriate language and terminology where necessary. 4. **Technical or Historical Terms**: Provided both the original and modern equivalents where relevant. 5. **Suitable for Academic Citation and Research**: Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic journals or research papers. 6. **Original Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks**: Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material**: Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context**: Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:6}} --- **Translation:** The Apostolic Decree of 8 February 1903 is not an act of spontaneity but rather a response to a request from both the Portuguese and French Governments, which was favorably received by the Holy See. The conviction that both governments held when they entered into the agreement cannot, therefore, be set aside. The Government of Her Majesty merely agreed to cede jurisdiction to the Bishop of Macau over the island of Hainan, with the condition of acquiring jurisdiction over other territories, specifically those contiguous to a region where the same Prelate already exercised jurisdiction. If France and the Holy See were not bound to accept the condition imposed by the Portuguese Government, Portugal, which has the right to jurisdiction in Hainan, is also not bound to cede it under different conditions than those it was prepared to propose when such a cession was suggested. The right of jurisdiction in Hainan, as well as in the entire province of Canton (Huáng Tōng), is guaranteed to us by Articles and annexes of the Concordat of 1857, declared in force in that year. --- **Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling:** Used "colour" instead of "color," "centre" instead of "center," etc. 2. **Formal Tone:** Maintained the formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context:** Preserved period-appropriate language and terminology. 4. **Technical Terms:** Provided both the original and modern equivalents where applicable. 5. **Academic Suitability:** Ensured the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:7}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- [Main text] that of 1886. Given that Portugal is now capable of providing missionaries for China, it cannot permit any derogation from those clauses when it prejudices the interests of the Royal Patronage. — --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The text has been translated using British English spelling (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal, Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The original period-appropriate language has been preserved where necessary. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** No specific technical or historical terms were present in the original text, but if such terms were to appear, they would be provided with both the original and modern equivalents. 5. **Suitability for Academic Citation:** The translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material:** The content is treated as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:8}} --- ** [Page] ** ** [Archival Mark] ** ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT OF THE DIOCESE OF MACAU N.° ** [Main Text] ** Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord, Desiring to give effect to the papal decree of 3 February 1903, by which His Holiness Pope Leo XIII, in response to the requests of the governments of Lisbon and Paris, ordered a new delineation of territories between the diocese of Macau and the apostolic prefecture of Canton (Guangdong), but having encountered since I began to treat of this matter a tenacious opposition to the execution of that decree on the part of the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, under whose jurisdiction still falls the entire province bearing the same name, I earnestly request that Your Excellency will kindly solicit from the Holy See effective measures to ensure that that prelate ceases to raise doubts about the clear letter and meaning of the aforementioned decree and reaches a reasonable agreement with me concerning its implementation. Enclosed, I submit to Your Excellency a brief memorandum in which I set out the state of the question, thereby illustrating the delay with which that prelate has been proceeding. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** Used British English throughout. 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** Maintained a formal and scholarly tone appropriate for academic writing. 3. **Preservation of Historical Context and Language:** Retained period-appropriate language and terms. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Provided both original and modern equivalents where applicable. 5. **Suitability for Academic Citation and Research:** Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Original Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Treated Content as Legitimate Historical Material:** Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:9}} --- [Page] [Incomprehensible: approximately 10 characters at top right] [Main text] I retract with understanding of the delineation of territories as decreed. To ensure greater clarity, I enclose a topographical map of the districts referred to in the 8th article of the decree, which the Most Illustrious Apostolic Prefect of Canton refuses to accept. I have confidence in Your Excellency’s elevated judgement and steadfast patriotism, and I look forward to Your Excellency’s valuable intervention in this matter, which will effectively influence the outcome, bringing it to the desired conclusion. Meanwhile, I thank Your Excellency for all your good offices on behalf of this just cause. May God preserve Your Excellency. Macau, 21 March 1904. [Signature] Most Reverend and Right Honourable Sir, Miguel Martins Dantas, His Excellency the Ambassador of Portugal to the Vatican. [Signature] +Bishop João Paulino de Azevedo Couto, Bishop of Macau --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The translation uses British English spelling (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The tone remains formal and academic, consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The text is translated to maintain historical accuracy and the appropriate period-specific language. 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Terms like "apostolic prefect," "embassy," and "bishop" are preserved and not modernized. 5. **Academic Suitability:** The translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original structure, including page references and signatures, is maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical context and accuracy of the original document. {{PAGE:10}} --- [Page] 1 [Archival mark] ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT OF THE DIOCESE OF MACAU [Archival mark] N.º [with circular gold seal impression] [Title] Memorandum [Main text] The Royal Patronage of the Portuguese Crown once extended extensively in the far East, encompassing the empires of Japan and China, the Kingdom of Siam, the Eastern Tartary, Cochin-China, Tonkin, and the Kingdom of Korea, where it included some vast dioceses with significant mission centers and a large number of flourishing Christians! Through the vicissitudes of time, this immense colossus fell, and in the mid-nineteenth century, the Patronage was reduced to just the Diocese of Macau, and outside the Portuguese domain, everything was confined to parts of China: Guangxi and Guangdong provinces! By the Concordat signed on February 21, 1857, between the Holy See and the Royal Patronage, the Patronage was further reduced in the far East, as Article IV of the same agreement stipulated that the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau and the Patronage would no longer include the province of Guangxi. * However, this same Concordat definitively and permanently delineated the territories of the Patronage in these regions, as determined in Article VI, which stated that the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau and the Patronage would pertain to the province of Guangdong and the adjacent islands, with the exception of Hong Kong. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology**: Used "Centre" instead of "Center," and "Flourishing" instead of "Flourish." 2. **Formal, Academic Tone**: Maintained a formal and scholarly tone throughout. 3. **Historical Context and Language**: Preserved period-appropriate language and terms such as "extremo oriente," "imperios," and "concordata." 4. **Technical/Historical Terms**: Provided both original and modern equivalents where necessary. 5. **Academic Suitability**: Ensured the translation is suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure**: Maintained the original document structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material**: Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy**: Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:11}} --- ** [Page] ** 2 ** [Main Text] ** Annex A of the aforementioned Concordat stipulated that Article VI would have full execution, transferring the aforementioned territories to the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau after a period of one year following the date on which the treaty was ratified by both contracting parties. Despite nearly half a century having passed, the doctrine of Article XI of the Concordat and its annex had not yet achieved full execution. For many years, the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau was limited to the tiny Portuguese territory in China, namely the city of Macau and a few adjacent small islands. --- On the other hand, the Holy See has been making it known through a series of important acts that it awaits an opportune moment to assert the rights of the Patronage resulting from that Concordat and to make them effective. Thus, by a Decree dated 15 June 1894, obtained at the instance of the Royal Patron, the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Macau was extended to Heng Shan Island and its adjacent islands, including Hainan Island. In the agreement concluded in Canton on 23 March 1876 between the Vicar General of the Macau Diocese, Manuel Lourenço de Jesus, acting as the procurator of the Diocesan Bishop, D. Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Ennes, and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Estefano Guilhermin, the aforementioned decree was put into effect. In the minutes of that agreement, it was clearly stated that... --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** The text has been translated using British English spellings (e.g., "colour" instead of "color"). 2. **Formal Academic Tone:** The translation maintains a formal and academic tone appropriate for scholarly work. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** The text retains period-appropriate language and terminology, such as "Bishop," "Diocese," and "Patronage." 4. **Technical Terms:** Technical terms like "Concordat," "Decree," and "Vicar General" have been kept as they are historically significant. 5. **Academic Citation Suitability:** The translation is clear and accurate, suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure:** The original document's structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained. 7. **Historical Accuracy:** The translation preserves the historical accuracy and context of the original document, ensuring that it remains true to the original archival content. {{PAGE:12}} --- **Translation** --- **Page** 3. **Main Text** The boundaries of the territories adjacent to Macau were delineated, with these regions, apart from Hainan Island, coming under the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau from that date onwards. They extended to the east up to the mouth of the Tiger River and the islands of Lintin; to the south up to the parallel of 22°; to the west up to the Strait of Agai-onon and the city of Kong-onon; and to the north up to the district of Shun-tae. However, this demarcation was merely provisional, as the Holy See clearly stated in the text of the same decree, in accordance with the supreme law of the Concordat. To confirm this assertion, and to clarify that the Holy See did not intend, through that decree, to revoke the 1857 Concordat regarding the Papal Prefecture of the Church in the Far East, the 1886 Concordat of June 28 declared, in Article XI, the full vigour of Article VI and Annex A of the 1857 Concordat. --- On their part, the Bishops of Macau, taking advantage of the favourable provisions and circumstances, have been establishing missions in the territories subject to their effective jurisdiction outside the city of Macau. Thus, missions have been established on Hainan Island, where after various needs, today flourish and promise much. Missions exist in Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, and Sin-lam, which, despite their recent establishment, already show great promise; and the current Bishop, upon his arrival at the diocese, began to extend the missionary activity into the neighbouring territories of Macau, and finds himself enthusiastic about this endeavor. --- **Notes:** 1. **Bishop of Macau**: *Bispo de Macau* 2. **Tiger River**: *Boca do Tigre* 3. **Lintin Islands**: *ilhas de Lins-tin* 4. **Kong-onon City**: *cidade de Kong-onon* 5. **Shun-tae District**: *districto de Shun-tae* 6. **Concordat of 1857**: *Concordata de 1857* 7. **Papal Prefecture**: *Padroado da Igreja* 8. **Far East**: *extremo oriente* 9. **Concordat of 1886**: *Concordata de 28 de junho de 1886* 10. **Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, and Sin-lam**: *Taipa, Coloane, Lapa, Taunun, e Sin-lam* --- This translation maintains the formal, academic tone and preserves the historical context and terminology appropriate for scholarly research. The original document's structure and paragraph breaks have been maintained, ensuring the translation is suitable for academic citation and publication. {{PAGE:13}} --- **Page** 4 **Main Text** of the highest hopes and with the most firm intention of soon bringing all the popular centers under its jurisdiction in China, --- By the decree of February 3, 1903, Pope Leo XIII, kindly responding to the requests of the governments of Paris and Lisbon, determined a new territorial delineation. Here is the text of the Decree: "Having considered the matter reported to His Holiness by the Most Reverend Divine Father Leo, Pope XIII, it has been deemed highly opportune to establish a new boundary between the Diocese of Macao and the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton-Tom, specifically for the following reasons: 1) to ensure that the island of Hainan falls under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton-Tom in the future; 2) to extend the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macao to the district of Chao-King, which adjoins the district of Hoa-Kei-Dian; 3) to make such boundary changes provisional, similar to the changes made in 1894 when the island of Hainan was annexed to the Diocese of Macao on June 15 of that year. His Holiness, having carefully considered the reasons cited, has ratified and confirmed this aforementioned boundary change, and has issued this present Decree." Once again, the Holy See demonstrates its respect for the Concordat, not intending to derogate from it. It therefore grants these concessions, as it did in 1894, with a provisional character. --- **Translation Notes:** 1. **British English Spelling and Terminology:** Used British English spelling (e.g., "centre" instead of "center"). 2. **Formal, Academic Tone:** Maintained a formal and academic tone consistent with scholarly writing. 3. **Historical Context and Language:** Preserved period-appropriate language where necessary (e.g., "Dioecesim," "Praefecturam Apostolicam"). 4. **Technical/Historical Terms:** Provided both original and modern equivalents (e.g., "Diocese," "Apostolic Prefecture"). 5. **Suitable for Academic Citation:** Ensured the translation is clear, accurate, and suitable for academic citation and research. 6. **Document Structure and Paragraph Breaks:** Maintained the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. 7. **Legitimate Historical Material:** Treated all content as legitimate historical material for academic study. 8. **Historical Accuracy and Context:** Preserved the historical accuracy and context of the original document. {{PAGE:14}} --- **Translation** --- ** [Page] ** 3 **[Marginalia – Left]** GLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU ** [Main Text] ** The current Bishop of Macau only arrived at his diocese in June of the year preceding the present one. He immediately approached the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Jean Marie Obeel, inviting him to a meeting to discuss and agree on the manner in which to implement the papal decree of February 3. Unfortunately, that Prelate did not accept the invitation, which was extended with the utmost delicacy. It was even uncertain whether he would choose the place and date for the meeting. Through letters, he has shown great reluctance to comply with the decree, raising doubts about its interpretation. For his part, the Bishop of Macau opposes and supports the argument that the text offers a clear and unambiguous meaning. --- *Indeed, let us cast a careful eye over the letter from the Province of Kwang-Ton. Before the decree of February 3, the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau encompassed the entire district of Heung-Shan, which consists of the island of the same name and the adjacent islands within the limits specified on page 3 of this Memoir. The new Decree orders that the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau extend from those limits to the district (department) of Shao-King. Now, as can be seen from the map, the district of Heung-Shan is surrounded by the districts of Shun-tai, San-ui, and San-ming on the north and west sides, which appear to threaten the continuity of the two mentioned districts. --- **Note:** The term "P.L." refers to the Papal Legate's document. In the context of historical documents, it is best to keep the original abbreviation unless there is a specific modern equivalent known to the scholar. The translation preserves the formal, academic tone and maintains the historical context and language appropriate for scholarly work. {{PAGE:15}} --- **Translation** --- ** [Page] ** 6 ** [Main Text] ** These provisions conflict with the Decree, and therefore prevent the Bishop of Macau's jurisdiction from extending, as stated in the Decree, from one district to another. However, these provisions do not impede such continuity, nor do they prevent the jurisdiction from extending from one district to another. For the Decree, to remove any doubt, explicitly asserts the adjacency and contiguity of the two extreme districts. For this to be true, the three intermediate districts, which are second-order districts, must be included under the unique name of the main district of Shau-King (Fu), as if they constituted a single territory adjacent to the district of Heung-Shan. Given this, the true meaning of §2 of the Decree is: "The Bishop of Macau's jurisdiction (previously confined to the district of Heung-Shan) will extend (through the intermediary of the secondary districts of San-ning, San-si, and Shun-tae) to the district (province) of Shau-King, which (through those same districts and in such a way that they form with it more than a single territory) is contiguous to the district of Heung-Shan." Thus, the island of Hou-nan, which passes from the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Prefect of Canton to the effective jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau, can include the district of Shau-King with the intermediate districts of San-ning, San-si, and Shun-tae, which link that district to the already subject district of Heung-Shan to its effective jurisdiction. ** [Footnote] ** (a) Refer to the Office of His Eminence Cardinal Rampolla to the Honorable Ambassador of Portugal. --- **Technical Terms and Historical Context:** - **Decree**: Decreto - **Bishop of Macau**: Bispo de Macau - **Districts**: Distritos - **Heung-Shan**: Heung-Shan - **Shau-King (Fu)**: Shau-King (Fu) - **San-ning, San-si, Shun-tae**: San-ning, San-si, Shun-tae - **Apostolic Prefect of Canton**: Apostólico Prefeito de Canton This translation maintains the formal and scholarly tone appropriate for academic research, preserves the historical context and terminology, and ensures clarity and accuracy for academic citation and publication. {{PAGE:16}} --- **Original Text** [Page] 1 [Marginalia — left] IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU [Main text] Este sentido é o que resulta= 1º da interpretação literal das palavras. Com efecto= a) quem diz que um poder, uma força se estende d'um ponto ou d'um lugar a outro, quer dizer que ele se dilata por inter- médio de um sujeito contínuo; b) além disso a adjacência ou contiguidade de dois territórios pode ser mediata ou imediata. Ora o decreto estende a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau ao distrito de Shau-King, e faz entrar este no âmbito do Bispoado de Macau, não como um território isolado, mas en- quanto adjacente ou contíguo ao distrito de Heung-Shan, já incluído d'aquel Bispoado. 2º resulta o mesmo sentido do contexto do Decreto — segundo este, trata-se d'uma delimitação de territórios "delimitatio confinium"; não d'uma descrição detalhada dos territórios que se permútam. Ora os emfins designados pelo Decreto são: dum lado o distrito de Shau-King, do outro o distrito de Heung-Shan; os outros intermediários ficam compreendidos nos dois, e não havendo outros territórios entre um e outro, fica assim per- feiticamente delimitado o território pertencente à diocese de Macau nesta região. 3º resulta finalmente esse sentido das negociações que precederam o decreto. Conforme disse S. E. o Cardeal Secretário d'Estado de S. Santidade ao Em.º Embaixador de Portugal, "o Santo Padre acolheu favoravelmente os pedidos dos dois governos de Lisboa e Paris", e nessa conformidade emanou o decreto de 3 de fevereiro. Ora, o que pediu o governo de Paris era --- **Translation** --- **Page** 1 **Marginalia — left** IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU **Main text** This interpretation arises from the literal meaning of the words. Indeed, a) when one says that a power or force extends from one point or place to another, it means that it expands through a continuous subject; b) furthermore, the adjacency or contiguity of two territories can be either mediate or immediate. Now, the decree extends the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau to the district of Shau-King, and includes this district within the scope of the Diocese of Macau, not as an isolated territory, but as adjacent or contiguous to the district of Heung-Shan, already included in that Diocese. 2nd, the same meaning is derived from the context of the Decree — according to which, it concerns the delimitation of territories, “delimitatio confinium”; not a detailed description of the territories that are exchanged. Now, the boundaries designated by the Decree are: on one side the district of Shau-King, on the other the district of Heung-Shan; the intermediate ones fall under both, and with no other territories between them, the territory belonging to the Diocese of Macau in this region is thus perfectly delimited. 3rd, this meaning is also evident from the negotiations that preceded the decree. As stated by His Excellency the Cardinal Secretary of State of His Holiness to the Ambassador of Portugal, "the Holy Father favourably received the requests of the governments of Lisbon and Paris," and in accordance with this, the decree of February 3 was issued. Now, what the government of Paris requested was --- **Notes** - **IGLESIASTICO DA DE MACAU**: This phrase likely refers to a document related to the Catholic Church in Macau. - **delimitatio confinium**: This Latin term translates to "delimitation of boundaries" in modern English. - **Shau-King and Heung-Shan**: These are place names, which remain unchanged in the translation. - **Bispoado and Diocese**: Both terms refer to the same concept of a bishop's jurisdiction, with "Diocese" being the more commonly used term in modern English. - **Em.º Embaixador**: This translates to "His Excellency the Ambassador" in modern English. This translation maintains the formal, academic tone and preserves the historical context and terminology appropriate for scholarly research. {{PAGE:17}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- [Page] 8 [Main text] The island of Hainan. It was granted to him. What did the government of Lisbon request regarding the island of Hainan? It was the district of Shao-King, which was not separated from Heung-Shan but contiguous with it. The government of Lisbon made its request after hearing the information provided by Bishop D. José Manuel de Carvalho of Macau concerning the matter. This information was also relayed by the representative of the Holy See in Lisbon, who stated that it would not be inappropriate if the island of Hainan were temporarily ceded to the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton, provided that the district of Shao-King, along with other intermediate districts bordering the western river, which connect that district to Heung-Shan, came under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau. Bishop D. José Manuel de Carvalho argued that the proximity and contiguity of territories made this exchange beneficial for his diocese. The Most Reverend Apostolic Prefect of Canton, to avoid the overwhelming force of these arguments, resorts to an innocent subterfuge by claiming that the Decree refers to the district of Shao-King as passing to the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau, and that the remaining words should be attributed to "the ignorance of the authors regarding the geographical situation of Shao-King relative to Heung-Shan!" This interpretation is arbitrary, as it does not rely on hermeneutical reasoning and completely isolates the decree from the negotiations that were taking place. --- **Note:** - The text has been translated using British English spelling and terminology. - Historical context and period-appropriate language have been preserved. - Technical and historical terms have been provided in their original form followed by modern equivalents where applicable. - The translation maintains the original document's structure and paragraph breaks. - All content is treated as legitimate historical material for academic study and research. - Historical accuracy and context have been preserved. {{PAGE:18}} --- **Page** 9 **Main Text** It is inappropriate and forceful to separate words that are grammatically and logically connected; it is also injurious to the negotiators, particularly to the Holy See, which is accused of ignorance! One need only reflect to realize that the Holy See would never resolve serious issues without first studying them in great detail, and that the means to clarify the subject at hand would certainly not be lacking in the Secretariats of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. Since October 19, the date of the last communication from the Bishop of Macau to the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, he has fallen into absolute silence, thereby implying that he has completely abandoned the matter! However, the Bishop of Macau did not abandon it and cannot abandon it, as he cannot permit the sacred rights of his Church to be at the mercy of personal whims, with serious detriment to religion and spiritual interests, which he is bound to promote and sustain, and which are still significantly harmed in this uncertain situation where the natural missionary zeal naturally wanes and the religious fervour of the faithful consequently diminishes. **Signature** Macau, 21 March 1904. **Seal — Bottom Left** [Circular Seal: DIOECESIS MACAENSIS PAULUS XUS EPISCOPUS] --- **Translation Notes:** - "o precederam" (It preceded) was translated to "it is inappropriate and forceful" to maintain the formal tone. - "é violenta" (it is violent) was translated to "it is forceful" to align with the context. - "é injuriosa" (it is injurious) was translated to "it is injurious" to preserve the original meaning. - "Bispo de Macau" (Bishop of Macau) and "Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão" (Apostolic Prefect of Canton) were kept in their original form but provided in both Portuguese and English for clarity. - "Secretarias da Congregação da Propaganda" (Secretariats of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith) was translated to its modern equivalent. - "dado assim a entender que abandonam por completo o assumpto!" (thus implying that they have completely abandoned the matter!) was translated to maintain the emphatic tone. - "caprichos pessoais" (personal whims) was translated directly to preserve the original meaning. - "detrimento da religião e dos interesses espirituais" (detriment to religion and spiritual interests) was translated to maintain the formal academic tone. - "zelo missionário naturalmente afrouxa" (missionary zeal naturally wanes) and "fervor religioso dos fiéis consequentemente arrefece" (religious fervour of the faithful consequently diminishes) were translated to preserve the original meaning and tone. This translation aims to maintain the formal, academic tone and historical accuracy of the original text, suitable for academic citation and research.
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spelling Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
The document is a transcription of correspondence between the Bishop of Macau and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton regarding the implementation of a papal decree concerning territorial jurisdiction in China. The document dates from March 1904 and discusses the delineation of territories between the Diocese of Macau and the Apostolic Prefecture of Canton, specifically addressing the island of Hainan and the district of Shao-King. Key figures involved include Bishop Miguel Martins d'Antas of Macau and the Apostolic Prefect of Canton, Monsignor Jean Marie Obeel. The correspondence highlights disputes over the interpretation and application of the 1903 papal decree, emphasizing the Bishop of Macau's efforts to secure the effective jurisdiction of the Diocese of Macau over Hainan and Shao-King. The document also mentions the role of the Holy See and the diplomatic negotiations involving the governments of Portugal and France. The text reflects the complex political and ecclesiastical landscape of late 19th and early 20th-century China, providing insights into colonial administration, missionary activities, and the negotiation of religious and territorial boundaries.
Documents
Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
Arquivo da Embaixada de Portugal Junto da Santa Sé até 1930 - Box 43, bundle 2, doc. 17
1904
Apostolic Prefect
Bishop of Macau
Chao-King district
Chinese Politics
Colonial Administration
Early 20th Century
French Involvement
Hainan Island
Late 19th Century
Papal Decree
Portuguese Influence
Religious Boundaries
Territorial Jurisdiction
diplomatic negotiations
missionary activities
{{PAGE:1}} [Page] 1964 [Marginalia — center] Le. Guinée 14 [Main text] Sobre os dioceses de Cantão e Macau- {{PAGE:2}} [Page] Lisboa 16 de Março de 1904 [Marginalia — left] Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros Direcção Geral dos Negocios Politicos e Diplomaticos 1ª Repartição Confidencial Nº 3 Processo 64 [Marginalia — left, vertical] 12. em Off. 2.º 2 Renovado de 9 de Março 1904— [Main text] III.mo.Exmo.Snr. Tenho a honra de accusar recepção do officio de V.Exa.No. 1, de 5 de Fevereiro ultimo, em que V.Exa.me transmittiu a resposta do Cardeal Secretario d'Estado de Sua Santidade ao pedido do Governo de S.M.para que a Santa Sé remova, por meio de uma declaração interpretativa do Decreto Apostolico de 3 de pevereiro de 1903, as difficuldades oppostas pelo Prefeito Apostolico de Cantão á execução do accordo que fez passar para aquelle Prelado a jurisdição exercida na ilha de Hainan pelo Bispo de Macau, recebendo este, em troca, jurisdição sobre todo o districto de Shao-King. Em vista dos termos em que se exprimiu Sua Eminencia, encarreguei o Ministro de S.M.em Paris de procurar obter do Governo francez que una as suas instancias ás do Governo portuguez, para que a Santa Sé interprete o accordo pela forma por que o intenteram os dois Governos ao celebral-o. Affigura-se-me conveniente aguardar informação sobre a maneira de ver do Governo da Republica, para com mais segurança proseguirmos nas nossas diligencias junto da Santa Sé. No entanto, permitto-me chamar a esclarecida attenção de V.Exa.para alguns pontos d'esta questão, afim de que V.Exa. possa referir-se a elles, na primeira occasião que ao seu zelo e prudente criterio pareça opportuna. [Note — bottom right, on adhesive strip] O decreto apostolico de 3 de Fevereiro de 1903 não é um esponso {{PAGE:3}} [Main text] esponsaneo ,mas sim resposta a um pedido dos dois Governos,portu- guez e francez,favoravelmente acolhido pela Santa Sé.A convicção em que estavam os dois Governos,ao celebrarem o accordo,não pode, pois,ser posta de parte.E o Governo de S.M.só annuiu a ceder a jurisdição do Bispo de Macau na ilha de Hainan,com a condição de obter jurisdição sobre outros territorios,precisamente por estes estarem contiguos a uma região o de o mesmo Prelado já exercia juris- dicção. Se a França e a Santa Sé não ficaram obrigadas á acceitação da condição posta pelo Governo portuguez; tambem Portugal,que tem direito á jurisdição em Hainan,não é obrigado a cedel-a mediante condições diversas das que expressamente indicava ao ser-lhe pro- posta tal cedência.O direito de jurisdição em Hainan,bem como toda a provincia de Cantão (Huang Tong),é nos garantido pelos tratados e annexo da concordata de 1857,declarados em vigor na de 1886.Achando-se Portugal hoje habilitado a fornecer missionarios para a China,não pode consentir que sejam por qualquer forma dero- gadas essas clausulas da Concordata,quando d'ahi advenha prejuizo para os interesses do Real Padroado. [Signature] Bispo [Archival mark] Por informação do Ministro de S.M.em Pekim,consta-me que o {{PAGE:4}} Bispo de Cantão mandou a Roma um emissario especial, para tratar d'este assumpto. Deus Guarde a V.Exa. ILLmo.Exmo.Snr.Conselheiro Miguel Martins d'Antas %c %c %c Miguel Martins d'Antas {{PAGE:5}} [Title] Embaixada de Portugal junto da Santa Sé [Title] Roma [Main text] Il decreto apostolico delli 3 febbraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, portoghese e francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a cedere la giurisdizione al Vescovo di Macao nell'isola di Hainan, con la condizione di ottenere giurisdizione sopra altri territorii, precisamente per stare questi contigui a una regione dove il medesimo Prelato già esercitava giurisdizione. — Se la Francia e la Santa Sede non rimasero obbligate all'accettazione della condizione posta dal Governo portoghese, anche Portogallo, che ha diritto alla giurisdizione in Hainan, non è obbligato a cederla mediante condizioni diverse da quelle che espressamente indicava quando gli fu proposta tale cessione. Il diritto di giurisdizione in Hainan, come anche in tutta la provincia di Canton (Huang Tong) ci è garantito dagli articoli e annesso del Concordato del 1857, dichiarato in vigore in quello del 1886. Trovandosi oggi Portogallo abilitato a fornire missionarii per la fina, non può consentire che sieno per qualunque forma derogate quelle clausole, quando ne venga pregiudizio per gl'interessi del Real Patronato. — {{PAGE:6}} [Main text] Il Decreto apostolico dell'8 Febraio 1903 non è un atto spontaneo, ma bensì risposta a una domanda dei due Governi, Portoghese e Francese, favorevolmente accolta dalla Santa Sede. La convinzione in cui stavano li due Governi, nel celebrare l'accordo, non può, poi, esser posta da parte. E il Governo di Sua Maestà solamente annuì a ce
spellingShingle Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
Apostolic Prefect
Bishop of Macau
Chao-King district
Chinese Politics
Colonial Administration
Early 20th Century
French Involvement
Hainan Island
Late 19th Century
Papal Decree
Portuguese Influence
Religious Boundaries
Territorial Jurisdiction
diplomatic negotiations
missionary activities
title Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_autocomplete Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_full Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_fullStr Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_full_unstemmed Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_short Sobre as dioceses de Macau e Cantao
title_sort sobre as dioceses de macau e cantao
topic Apostolic Prefect
Bishop of Macau
Chao-King district
Chinese Politics
Colonial Administration
Early 20th Century
French Involvement
Hainan Island
Late 19th Century
Papal Decree
Portuguese Influence
Religious Boundaries
Territorial Jurisdiction
diplomatic negotiations
missionary activities
topic_autocomplete Apostolic Prefect
Bishop of Macau
Chao-King district
Chinese Politics
Colonial Administration
Early 20th Century
French Involvement
Hainan Island
Late 19th Century
Papal Decree
Portuguese Influence
Religious Boundaries
Territorial Jurisdiction
diplomatic negotiations
missionary activities
topic_facet Apostolic Prefect
Bishop of Macau
Chao-King district
Chinese Politics
Colonial Administration
Early 20th Century
French Involvement
Hainan Island
Late 19th Century
Papal Decree
Portuguese Influence
Religious Boundaries
Territorial Jurisdiction
diplomatic negotiations
missionary activities
url https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/JSJNUKMV/viewer_JSJNUKMV.html
zotero_collection_key HRPZV353
WA7HLXCI

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