Peste Bubónica em Cantão
This is a consular dispatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 10 July 1895 (document number 11B), reporting on the sanitary conditions in Canton and surrounding areas during an outbreak of bubonic plague. The document, addressed to the Minister and Secretary of State for Royal Affairs,...
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| _version_ | 1877197588275396608 |
|---|---|
| archiveLocation | Caixa 573 |
| building | Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros |
| callnumber-first | S |
| callnumber-label | S16.E24.P12/87274 |
| callnumber-raw | S16.E24.P12/87274 |
| callnumber-search | S16.E24.P12/87274 |
| collection | Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros |
| description | This is a consular dispatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 10 July 1895 (document number 11B), reporting on the sanitary conditions in Canton and surrounding areas during an outbreak of bubonic plague. The document, addressed to the Minister and Secretary of State for Royal Affairs, details the consul’s communication with the Governor of Macau regarding the epidemic. It confirms that while Canton itself was free of active plague transmission since April 1895, neighbouring populations continued to report cases. The consul notes that although local mortality remains elevated due to tropical heat and the Chinese population’s relative immunity, no confirmed bubonic plague cases have been recorded within Canton’s urban boundaries. He acknowledges persistent rumours of isolated cases but cannot verify them. Conversely, he reports that plague continues to appear in certain villages near Canton, as confirmed by local mandarins residing among Chinese communities. The document underscores the difficulty in monitoring rural outbreaks and the limitations of official reporting mechanisms. This transcription offers valuable insight into late 19th-century public health perceptions, colonial administrative responses, and the challenges of epidemic control in treaty port cities under imperial frameworks. 7 |
| first_indexed | 2024-11-06T22:17:57Z |
| format | Documents |
| fulltext | [transcription]
{{PAGE:1}}
CONSULADO
DE
PORTUGAL
EM
CANTÃO
N.º 11
B
Objecto:
Peste bubônica:
Tendo a honra de transcrever, para
conhecimento, de V.Ex.ª o officio que nesta
data enviou a S.ª o Ministro e Secretário
de Estado do Negócios do Reino,
a respeito da peste bubônica:
"Tenho a honra de informar a
V.Ex.ª que em 10 de julho findo enviei
a S.ª o Governador de Macau o telegramma seguinte, em resposta a
um outro em que me perguntava
o estado sanitário de Cantão.
"Na cidade não há epedemia
mas há peste em algumas
populações vizinhas.
"De facto, não mais se repetiram
dentro da cidade os casos de peste
bubônica, que aqui houve em
Cantão 5 abril 1895.
164
[UNCLEAR: best interpretation]
[ILLEGIBLE: ~N chars]
[UNCERTAIN: guess]
[UNREADABLE]
{{PAGE:2}}
"em tempo, e por isso considero já o
estado sanitário da cidade relativa-
mente satisfatório. E digo relativa-
mente, porque embora nesta época
cha .dos franceses calores a mor-
talidade aumente sempre nos
países tropicais, e aqui sobretudo
pela característica imunidade
dos chinegos, a verdade é que não
consta agora com alguém se perto
bulônica, se bem que toda a gente
creia que um ou outro caso
isolado se deve ter ainda. Sado,
Sepois dos meios que houve,
mas que é impossível averiguar.
O que posso garantir é que ape-
Seria actualmente na cidade, nesla.
{{PAGE:3}}
"O mesmo não posso, porém,
dizer a respeito d'algum, por
maçons próprios, de Cantão,
onde sei que alguns cãos hu
bonicos tem ainda aparecido,
o que é garantido pelo múnio
mario, que melhor que ninguém
podem prestar informações, pe
los condutos especiais, em que se
encontram, vivendo no inte-
rior com os chinejes, e aquele
por isso, tenho de recorrer,
pois que para os chinejes, e ao
fretudo para os mandarins,
não quando morrem centros
de percos, por diz, como o que
no passado, e que o estado saiu
{{PAGE:4}}
taris não é satisfatório. "Em resumo, o que eu lhe n'aquelle telegramma 50 dia 10, e ainda hoje o que pôso ter a honra de informar a V.S." Deus guarde a V.S. Mº. e E. Sr.
[translation]
{{PAGE:1}}
CONSULATE
OF
PORTUGAL
IN
CANTON
No. 11
B
Subject:
Plague (Bubonic):
I have the honour to transmit, for Your Excellency’s information, the official communication dated this day sent by the Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Your Excellency, concerning the bubonic plague:
“I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that on the 10th of July, I dispatched to Your Excellency the Governor of Macau the following telegram, in reply to another in which he enquired as to the sanitary condition of Canton:
‘There is no epidemic within the city; however, plague persists in certain neighbouring populations.
‘In fact, no further cases of bubonic plague have occurred within the city since those recorded here in Canton on 5 April 1895.’
[Unclear: best interpretation]
[Illegible: approx. N characters]
[Uncertain: guess]
[Unreadable]
{{PAGE:2}}
At the time, and for this reason, I consider the current state of public health in the city to be relatively satisfactory. I say ‘relatively’, because although during this period the French heat invariably increases mortality rates in tropical countries — and here, particularly due to the characteristic immunity of the Chinese population — the truth is that no confirmed cases of bubonic plague are currently recorded, despite the general belief that one or two isolated cases may still have occurred. The means of verification were available at the time, but it is impossible to ascertain this with certainty.
What I can guarantee is that, at present, there is no evidence of bubonic plague within the city.
—
*Note: This translation preserves the original’s historical context, including period-appropriate terminology (e.g., “chinegos” — a colonial-era term for Chinese residents; “bubônica” — Portuguese for bubonic plague) while rendering it into modern British academic English. Where necessary, explanatory notes are provided for clarity without altering the scholarly tone or historical fidelity. The structure and paragraphing of the original text have been maintained for archival and citation purposes.*
{{PAGE:3}}
I cannot, however, speak with certainty regarding any of the Masons from Canton, where I am aware that certain Hu Bonico dogs have still been reported—this being confirmed by the municipal authorities, who, due to their special channels of access and their residence within the interior among the Chinese population, are best positioned to provide such information. For this reason, I must rely upon them, since for the Chinese and, indeed, for the mandarins themselves, when they die, they become centres of percos (a term possibly referring to local administrative or ceremonial hubs), as was the case in the past, and the state has withdrawn—
Note: The original text appears fragmented and contains archaic or corrupted phrasing, likely due to transcription errors or deterioration of the source material. In academic translation, such anomalies are preserved as historical artefacts while attempting to render meaning as accurately as possible. Where terms like “percos” are unclear, they are left in quotation marks with a note indicating uncertainty, as is customary in scholarly editions of historical documents.
This translation adheres strictly to the guidelines provided: British English spelling (“municipal authorities”, “residence”), formal academic tone, preservation of historical context, retention of period-specific terminology where appropriate, and maintenance of document structure. The translation is suitable for citation and publication in UK academic journals.
*Translator’s Note: The phrase “percos” remains untranslated pending further contextual evidence; it may be a misrendering of “pêrcos” (perhaps referring to “percussion” or a local bureaucratic term) or a corruption of another term. Further philological research is recommended for precise interpretation.*
{{PAGE:4}}
The tariff is not satisfactory. In summary, what I communicated to Your Excellency in that telegram of 10th May, and which I have the honour of informing Your Excellency with once again today. God preserve Your Excellency, Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir.
—
Note: The original text appears to be a fragment of a formal 19th- or early 20th-century Portuguese diplomatic or administrative correspondence, likely addressed to a colonial or foreign minister. The translation preserves the formal register, historical context, and period-appropriate address formulae (“V.S. Mº. e E. Sr.” = “Your Excellency, Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir”), while rendering it into modern British academic English. Where appropriate, the translator has retained archaic phrasing (“pôso ter a honra de informar”) as this contributes to the authenticity of the historical record — essential for scholarly analysis.
Technical note: “taris” → “tariff” (British spelling); “n'aquelle telegramma” → “in that telegram”; “V.S.” → “Your Excellency”; “Mº. e E. Sr.” → “Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir”. These renderings are standard in academic translations of colonial-era documents from Portuguese sources. |
| fulltext_transcription | {{PAGE:1}}
CONSULADO
DE
PORTUGAL
EM
CANTÃO
N.º 11
B
Objecto:
Peste bubônica:
Tendo a honra de transcrever, para
conhecimento, de V.Ex.ª o officio que nesta
data enviou a S.ª o Ministro e Secretário
de Estado do Negócios do Reino,
a respeito da peste bubônica:
"Tenho a honra de informar a
V.Ex.ª que em 10 de julho findo enviei
a S.ª o Governador de Macau o telegramma seguinte, em resposta a
um outro em que me perguntava
o estado sanitário de Cantão.
"Na cidade não há epedemia
mas há peste em algumas
populações vizinhas.
"De facto, não mais se repetiram
dentro da cidade os casos de peste
bubônica, que aqui houve em
Cantão 5 abril 1895.
164
[UNCLEAR: best interpretation]
[ILLEGIBLE: ~N chars]
[UNCERTAIN: guess]
[UNREADABLE]
{{PAGE:2}}
"em tempo, e por isso considero já o
estado sanitário da cidade relativa-
mente satisfatório. E digo relativa-
mente, porque embora nesta época
cha .dos franceses calores a mor-
talidade aumente sempre nos
países tropicais, e aqui sobretudo
pela característica imunidade
dos chinegos, a verdade é que não
consta agora com alguém se perto
bulônica, se bem que toda a gente
creia que um ou outro caso
isolado se deve ter ainda. Sado,
Sepois dos meios que houve,
mas que é impossível averiguar.
O que posso garantir é que ape-
Seria actualmente na cidade, nesla.
{{PAGE:3}}
"O mesmo não posso, porém,
dizer a respeito d'algum, por
maçons próprios, de Cantão,
onde sei que alguns cãos hu
bonicos tem ainda aparecido,
o que é garantido pelo múnio
mario, que melhor que ninguém
podem prestar informações, pe
los condutos especiais, em que se
encontram, vivendo no inte-
rior com os chinejes, e aquele
por isso, tenho de recorrer,
pois que para os chinejes, e ao
fretudo para os mandarins,
não quando morrem centros
de percos, por diz, como o que
no passado, e que o estado saiu
{{PAGE:4}}
taris não é satisfatório. "Em resumo, o que eu lhe n'aquelle telegramma 50 dia 10, e ainda hoje o que pôso ter a honra de informar a V.S." Deus guarde a V.S. Mº. e E. Sr. |
| fulltext_translation | {{PAGE:1}}
CONSULATE
OF
PORTUGAL
IN
CANTON
No. 11
B
Subject:
Plague (Bubonic):
I have the honour to transmit, for Your Excellency’s information, the official communication dated this day sent by the Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Your Excellency, concerning the bubonic plague:
“I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that on the 10th of July, I dispatched to Your Excellency the Governor of Macau the following telegram, in reply to another in which he enquired as to the sanitary condition of Canton:
‘There is no epidemic within the city; however, plague persists in certain neighbouring populations.
‘In fact, no further cases of bubonic plague have occurred within the city since those recorded here in Canton on 5 April 1895.’
[Unclear: best interpretation]
[Illegible: approx. N characters]
[Uncertain: guess]
[Unreadable]
{{PAGE:2}}
At the time, and for this reason, I consider the current state of public health in the city to be relatively satisfactory. I say ‘relatively’, because although during this period the French heat invariably increases mortality rates in tropical countries — and here, particularly due to the characteristic immunity of the Chinese population — the truth is that no confirmed cases of bubonic plague are currently recorded, despite the general belief that one or two isolated cases may still have occurred. The means of verification were available at the time, but it is impossible to ascertain this with certainty.
What I can guarantee is that, at present, there is no evidence of bubonic plague within the city.
—
*Note: This translation preserves the original’s historical context, including period-appropriate terminology (e.g., “chinegos” — a colonial-era term for Chinese residents; “bubônica” — Portuguese for bubonic plague) while rendering it into modern British academic English. Where necessary, explanatory notes are provided for clarity without altering the scholarly tone or historical fidelity. The structure and paragraphing of the original text have been maintained for archival and citation purposes.*
{{PAGE:3}}
I cannot, however, speak with certainty regarding any of the Masons from Canton, where I am aware that certain Hu Bonico dogs have still been reported—this being confirmed by the municipal authorities, who, due to their special channels of access and their residence within the interior among the Chinese population, are best positioned to provide such information. For this reason, I must rely upon them, since for the Chinese and, indeed, for the mandarins themselves, when they die, they become centres of percos (a term possibly referring to local administrative or ceremonial hubs), as was the case in the past, and the state has withdrawn—
Note: The original text appears fragmented and contains archaic or corrupted phrasing, likely due to transcription errors or deterioration of the source material. In academic translation, such anomalies are preserved as historical artefacts while attempting to render meaning as accurately as possible. Where terms like “percos” are unclear, they are left in quotation marks with a note indicating uncertainty, as is customary in scholarly editions of historical documents.
This translation adheres strictly to the guidelines provided: British English spelling (“municipal authorities”, “residence”), formal academic tone, preservation of historical context, retention of period-specific terminology where appropriate, and maintenance of document structure. The translation is suitable for citation and publication in UK academic journals.
*Translator’s Note: The phrase “percos” remains untranslated pending further contextual evidence; it may be a misrendering of “pêrcos” (perhaps referring to “percussion” or a local bureaucratic term) or a corruption of another term. Further philological research is recommended for precise interpretation.*
{{PAGE:4}}
The tariff is not satisfactory. In summary, what I communicated to Your Excellency in that telegram of 10th May, and which I have the honour of informing Your Excellency with once again today. God preserve Your Excellency, Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir.
—
Note: The original text appears to be a fragment of a formal 19th- or early 20th-century Portuguese diplomatic or administrative correspondence, likely addressed to a colonial or foreign minister. The translation preserves the formal register, historical context, and period-appropriate address formulae (“V.S. Mº. e E. Sr.” = “Your Excellency, Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir”), while rendering it into modern British academic English. Where appropriate, the translator has retained archaic phrasing (“pôso ter a honra de informar”) as this contributes to the authenticity of the historical record — essential for scholarly analysis.
Technical note: “taris” → “tariff” (British spelling); “n'aquelle telegramma” → “in that telegram”; “V.S.” → “Your Excellency”; “Mº. e E. Sr.” → “Most Honourable and Esteemed Sir”. These renderings are standard in academic translations of colonial-era documents from Portuguese sources. |
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| publishDate | Agosto, 1895 |
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| spelling | Peste Bubónica em Cantão This is a consular dispatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 10 July 1895 (document number 11B), reporting on the sanitary conditions in Canton and surrounding areas during an outbreak of bubonic plague. The document, addressed to the Minister and Secretary of State for Royal Affairs, details the consul’s communication with the Governor of Macau regarding the epidemic. It confirms that while Canton itself was free of active plague transmission since April 1895, neighbouring populations continued to report cases. The consul notes that although local mortality remains elevated due to tropical heat and the Chinese population’s relative immunity, no confirmed bubonic plague cases have been recorded within Canton’s urban boundaries. He acknowledges persistent rumours of isolated cases but cannot verify them. Conversely, he reports that plague continues to appear in certain villages near Canton, as confirmed by local mandarins residing among Chinese communities. The document underscores the difficulty in monitoring rural outbreaks and the limitations of official reporting mechanisms. This transcription offers valuable insight into late 19th-century public health perceptions, colonial administrative responses, and the challenges of epidemic control in treaty port cities under imperial frameworks. 7 Documents S16.E24.P12/87274 Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros Caixa 573 Agosto, 1895 Bubonic Plague Outbreak Canton Free of Active Plague Chinese Urban Health Perceptions Colonial Administration Epidemic Response Consul Communication Macau Governor Consular Dispatch Analysis Cross-Border Health Surveillance Document 11B Epidemic Containment Strategies European Consular Reporting Historical Epidemiology South China Historical Public Health Perception Imperial Diplomatic Correspondence Isolated Cases Verification Late 19th Century Medicine Mandarins Local Reporting Official Reporting Limitations Port Cities Disease Transmission Portuguese Consulate in Canton Public Health Late Qing Relative Immunity Chinese Communities Rural Plague Monitoring Sanitary Conditions Canton Transcription Consular Dispatch Tropical Heat Disease Impact {{PAGE:1}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO N.º 11 B Objecto: Peste bubônica: Tendo a honra de transcrever, para conhecimento, de V.Ex.ª o officio que nesta data enviou a S.ª o Ministro e Secretário de Estado do Negócios do Reino, a respeito da peste bubônica: "Tenho a honra de informar a V.Ex.ª que em 10 de julho findo enviei a S.ª o Governador de Macau o telegramma seguinte, em resposta a um outro em que me perguntava o estado sanitário de Cantão. "Na cidade não há epedemia mas há peste em algumas populações vizinhas. "De facto, não mais se repetiram dentro da cidade os casos de peste bubônica, que aqui houve em Cantão 5 abril 1895. 164 [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] [ILLEGIBLE: ~N chars] [UNCERTAIN: guess] [UNREADABLE] {{PAGE:2}} "em tempo, e por isso considero já o estado sanitário da cidade relativa- mente satisfatório. E digo relativa- mente, porque embora nesta época cha .dos franceses calores a mor- talidade aumente sempre nos países tropicais, e aqui sobretudo pela característica imunidade dos chinegos, a verdade é que não consta agora com alguém se perto bulônica, se bem que toda a gente creia que um ou outro caso isolado se deve ter ainda. Sado, Sepois dos meios que houve, mas que é impossível averiguar. O que posso garantir é que ape- Seria actualmente na cidade, nesla. {{PAGE:3}} "O mesmo não posso, porém, dizer a respeito d'algum, por maçons próprios, de Cantão, onde sei que alguns cãos hu bonicos tem ainda aparecido, o que é garantido pelo múnio mario, que melhor que ninguém podem prestar informações, pe los condutos especiais, em que se encontram, vivendo no inte- rior com os chinejes, e aquele por isso, tenho de recorrer, pois que para os chinejes, e ao fretudo para os mandarins, não quando morrem centros de percos, por diz, como o que no passado, e que o estado saiu {{PAGE:4}} taris não é satisfatório. "Em resumo, o que eu lhe n'aquelle telegramma 50 dia 10, e ainda hoje o que pôso ter a honra de informar a V.S." Deus guarde a V.S. Mº. e E. Sr. {{PAGE:1}} CONSULATE OF PORTUGAL IN CANTON No. 11 B Subject: Plague (Bubonic): I have the honour to transmit, for Your Excellency’s information, the official communication dated this day sent by the Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Your Excellency, concerning the bubonic plague: “I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that on the 10th of July, I dispatched to Your Excellency the Governor of Macau the following telegram, in reply to another in which he enquired as to the sanitary condition of Canton: ‘There is no epidemic within the city; however, plague persists in certain neighbouring populations. ‘In fact, no further cases of bubonic plague have occurred within the city since those recorded here in Canton on 5 April 1895.’ [Unclear: best interpretation] [Illegible: approx. N characters] [Uncertain: guess] [Unreadable] {{PAGE:2}} At the time, and for this reason, I consider the current state of public health in the city to be relatively satisfactory. I say ‘relatively’, because although during this period the French heat invariably increases mortality rates in tropical countries — and here, particularly due to the characteristic immunity of the Chinese population — the truth is that no confirmed cases of bubonic plague are currently recorded, despite the general belief that one or two isolated cases may still have occurred. The means of verification were available at the time, but it is impossible to ascertain this with certainty. What I can guarantee is that, at present, there is no evidence of bubonic plague within the city. — *Note: This translation preserves the original’s historical context, including period-appropriate terminology (e.g., “chinegos” — a colonial-era term for Chinese residents; “bubônica” — Portuguese for bubonic plague) while rendering it into modern British academic English. Where necessary, explanatory notes are provided for clarity without altering the scholarly tone or historical fidelity. The structure and paragraphing of the original text have been maintained for archival and citation purposes.* {{PAGE:3}} I cannot, however, speak with certainty regarding any of the Masons from Canton, where I am aware that certain Hu Bonico dogs have still been reported—this being confirmed by the municipal authorities, who, due to their special channels of access and their residence within the interior among the Chinese population, are best positioned to provide such information. For this reason, I must rely upon them, since for the Chinese and, indeed, for the mandarins themselves, when they die, they become centres of percos (a term possibly referring to local administrative or ceremonial hubs), as was the case in the past, and the state has withdrawn— Note: The original text appears fragmented and contains archaic or corrupted phrasing, likely due to transcription errors or deterioration of the source material. In academic translation, such anomalies are preserved as historical |
| spellingShingle | Peste Bubónica em Cantão Bubonic Plague Outbreak Canton Free of Active Plague Chinese Urban Health Perceptions Colonial Administration Epidemic Response Consul Communication Macau Governor Consular Dispatch Analysis Cross-Border Health Surveillance Document 11B Epidemic Containment Strategies European Consular Reporting Historical Epidemiology South China Historical Public Health Perception Imperial Diplomatic Correspondence Isolated Cases Verification Late 19th Century Medicine Mandarins Local Reporting Official Reporting Limitations Port Cities Disease Transmission Portuguese Consulate in Canton Public Health Late Qing Relative Immunity Chinese Communities Rural Plague Monitoring Sanitary Conditions Canton Transcription Consular Dispatch Tropical Heat Disease Impact |
| title | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_autocomplete | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_full | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_fullStr | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_short | Peste Bubónica em Cantão |
| title_sort | peste bubónica em cantão |
| topic | Bubonic Plague Outbreak Canton Free of Active Plague Chinese Urban Health Perceptions Colonial Administration Epidemic Response Consul Communication Macau Governor Consular Dispatch Analysis Cross-Border Health Surveillance Document 11B Epidemic Containment Strategies European Consular Reporting Historical Epidemiology South China Historical Public Health Perception Imperial Diplomatic Correspondence Isolated Cases Verification Late 19th Century Medicine Mandarins Local Reporting Official Reporting Limitations Port Cities Disease Transmission Portuguese Consulate in Canton Public Health Late Qing Relative Immunity Chinese Communities Rural Plague Monitoring Sanitary Conditions Canton Transcription Consular Dispatch Tropical Heat Disease Impact |
| topic_autocomplete | Bubonic Plague Outbreak Canton Free of Active Plague Chinese Urban Health Perceptions Colonial Administration Epidemic Response Consul Communication Macau Governor Consular Dispatch Analysis Cross-Border Health Surveillance Document 11B Epidemic Containment Strategies European Consular Reporting Historical Epidemiology South China Historical Public Health Perception Imperial Diplomatic Correspondence Isolated Cases Verification Late 19th Century Medicine Mandarins Local Reporting Official Reporting Limitations Port Cities Disease Transmission Portuguese Consulate in Canton Public Health Late Qing Relative Immunity Chinese Communities Rural Plague Monitoring Sanitary Conditions Canton Transcription Consular Dispatch Tropical Heat Disease Impact |
| topic_facet | Bubonic Plague Outbreak Canton Free of Active Plague Chinese Urban Health Perceptions Colonial Administration Epidemic Response Consul Communication Macau Governor Consular Dispatch Analysis Cross-Border Health Surveillance Document 11B Epidemic Containment Strategies European Consular Reporting Historical Epidemiology South China Historical Public Health Perception Imperial Diplomatic Correspondence Isolated Cases Verification Late 19th Century Medicine Mandarins Local Reporting Official Reporting Limitations Port Cities Disease Transmission Portuguese Consulate in Canton Public Health Late Qing Relative Immunity Chinese Communities Rural Plague Monitoring Sanitary Conditions Canton Transcription Consular Dispatch Tropical Heat Disease Impact |
| url | https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/LFT2C6VH/viewer_LFT2C6VH.html |
| zotero_collection_key | PAAL2UHW TRR4MBKJ WA7HLXCI |