Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt

This is a diplomatic despatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 26 September 1900, comprising a series of transcribed memoranda, telegrams, and reports sent to the Government of Macau concerning civil unrest in southern China during the late stages of the Boxer Rebellion. The document d...

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Language:Portuguese
Published: Setembro 1900
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Online Access:https://macau-legacy.usj.edu.mo/docs/LI6V8ULP/viewer_LI6V8ULP.html
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archiveLocation Caixa 574
building Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
callnumber-first S
callnumber-label S16.E24.P12.-87279
callnumber-raw S16.E24.P12.-87279
callnumber-search S16.E24.P12.-87279
collection Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
description This is a diplomatic despatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 26 September 1900, comprising a series of transcribed memoranda, telegrams, and reports sent to the Government of Macau concerning civil unrest in southern China during the late stages of the Boxer Rebellion. The document details disturbances in villages surrounding Canton, including Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, Tong Lee, Sim Tong in Wampo, and Horizon (Hon'teir), located approximately 40 miles east of the city. It records the flight of indigenous Christian converts into Canton, the deployment of local magistrates with armed forces, and the dispatch of 4,000 Chinese troops to affected areas. Mention is made of the French gunboat "Eva Lanche" en route to Kwan-chuk, where insurgents were reported, and of the alleged involvement of the 'Lady of the Black Flag' in collusion with secret societies. The consul expresses concern over escalating violence—including arson, looting, and anti-Christian attacks—and notes restrictive imperial directives reportedly sanctioned by the Empress, which appear to legitimise military actions against foreign interests. Despite temporary calm in Canton, the author anticipates further deterioration of public order, drawing parallels with events in Tientsin. The despatch reflects contemporary anxieties about regional stability, the role of Chinese authorities under the Interior Viceroy, and the vulnerability of foreign and Christian communities amid widespread rebellion. This primary source offers critical insights into localised responses to the Boxer Uprising in Guangdong province.
first_indexed 2024-12-04T18:55:38Z
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fulltext [transcription] {{PAGE:1}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO N.º 17. A 181 Cantão 26 de setembro de 1900. [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] S. Exa. Sr. Tenho a honra de apresentar à V.S.ª, transcritas, as informações prestadas por este consulado ao governo de Macau, a respeito da crise na China: Offício n.º 97. De 20 setembro. Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que houve hoje alguns disturbios na aldeia de Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, e Tong Lee, a quatro horas T.W., de distância de Cantão, tendo sido destes das três minutos, e fugidos para qui muitos indígenas convertidos, que chegaram a Cantão a noite passada. Faltam mais provenientes, mas sou ta que a ordem já está restabelecida. Offício n.º 98. De 23 setembro: Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que me consta que houve hontem alguns disturbios em Ping-bo, uma aldeia a jusante, e muito próximo da cidade de Cantão, e que foi para lá {{PAGE:2}} o magistrado de Pau-yi (um dos Distritos desta cidade), com uma força armada, a fim de restabelecer a ordem. Hoje, parece que houve também alguma facto-anormal na aldeia de Sim Tong em Wampo, a libra d'aqui, porque partiram para lá 4.000 soldados chineses, segundo me dizem. A canhoneira francesa "Eva Lanche", que foi autorizada para Kwan-chuk, onde houve 2500 turbios. Se que já informei a N.º G. ainda não voltou a Cantão, d'on se partira. A Senhora do "Bandeirão Negro", que se supõe terem ido juntar-se aos membros das sociedades secretas, e estes indícios de rebelião todos propiciou da capital provincial e em pontos diferentes, parecem-me um pouco sério. {{PAGE:3}} por serem semelhantes aos que se foram em Tientrin, auto, da concessão ver atacada, e se não forem prontamente sufocados pelo Vice Rei interior, e na sua emergia confio em pouco, e possível que ainda haja alteração da ordem pública em Cantão. Telegrama de 25 setembro, em resposta a outro pedindo notícias de Cantão: Aqui não ha movidade com ta que está pertalecida a ordem interior província. Telegrama de 26 setembro: Horizonte aldeia chinta 40 milhas. Leste Cantão incendiada. Offício nº 99, de 26 setembro: Tendo a honra de informar a N.º B. que me consta que a al- {{PAGE:4}} Seio. Se Christão, Sheak Loong, a 40 milhas a Leite. Se Cantão foi honteir saqueada e incendiada pelos indígenos pagãos; os christãs fugiram para aqui, onde, em nu- mero de 32 procuraram refúgio no hospital. Do Dr. Korn, supom- se que outros mais vindos ainda Lá a razão do telegramma que sub- mandou. Dirigi a N.º. Dizendo: "Hon'teir aldeia Christa 40 milhas Leite Cantão incendiada." Como se vê estão se realizan- do em diferentes pontos em torno de Cantão na acto, o saque e incendiarismo pre- visto pela meduluma energia do Vice-Rei interior, aprovada agora pela circulação clausu- lina do Secretar que se dizem da imperatriz, nos quais as tropas chinesas são considera- das merecedoras, e as potencias, [UNCERTAIN: ?] {{PAGE:5}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO Cantão de _______ de 190 . em attitue humiliante implorando a paz. No entanto a minha opinião é ainda hoje a que, de ha muito tenho apresentado nos meus officios. Esses passos são a crise dos fins de junho, Cantão por ora não será atacado; mas é provável que os disturbios aumentem, e o Sentido, num espaço de Tempo mais ou menos longo, a ordem pública seja em alterada. Dous Grãos, etc. Deus Grasbea V.E. Senhor Exmo. Sr. D. E. Ellinista & Secretario d'Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros. João Belvidoro Catarino Lopes Consular [translation] {{PAGE:1}} --- TRANSLATION --- PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON No. 17. Canton, 26 September 1900 Your Excellency, I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency, in transcription, the information provided by this Consulate to the Government of Macau regarding the crisis in China: Office Memorandum No. 97, dated 20 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that disturbances occurred today in the villages of Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, and Tong Lee—located approximately four hours’ travel to the west-northwest of Canton. The incidents lasted no more than three minutes. Many indigenous converts fled from these areas and arrived in Canton last night. Others are still expected; however, I am of the opinion that order has already been restored. Office Memorandum No. 98, dated 23 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency {{PAGE:2}} The magistrate of Pau-yi (one of the districts of this city) has deployed with an armed force in order to restore order. Today, it appears that some abnormal incident has also occurred in the village of Sim Tong in Wampo, several leagues from here, as 4,000 Chinese troops have reportedly been dispatched thither, according to information I have received. The French gunboat "Eva Lanche", which was authorised to proceed to Kwan-chuk—where there were said to be 2,500 insurgents—has not yet returned to Canton, from where it originally sailed. The so-called "Lady of the Black Flag", believed to have joined forces with members of secret societies, together with these various signs of rebellion emerging both in the provincial capital and in different locations, strike me as somewhat serious. {{PAGE:3}} --- TRANSLATION --- as these are similar to those which occurred in Tientsin, there is concern that the concession may come under attack; and unless prompt action is taken by the Viceroy of the interior—though I have little confidence in his vigour—it is possible that public order may yet be disturbed in Canton. Telegram dated 25 September, in reply to an earlier inquiry requesting news from Canton: There is no movement here, although internal order within the province remains precarious. Telegram dated 26 September: The village of Horizon, a Chinese settlement located 40 miles east of Canton, has been set on fire. Despatch No. 99, dated 26 September: Having the honour to inform Your Lordship {{PAGE:4}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- Sio. If Christian, Sheak Loong, 40 miles east. The village of Canton was reportedly looted and burned by pagan indigenous people; the Christians fled here, where 32 in number sought refuge in the hospital. From Dr. Korn, it is believed that further arrivals may yet come—this being the reason for the telegram he submitted. I dispatched a message to No. , stating: "Christian village Hon'teir, 40 miles east of Canton, burned down." As can be seen, acts of looting and arson are now taking place at various points around Canton, as anticipated by the resolute measures previously adopted by the Interior Viceroy, and now endorsed through the restrictive directives circulated by the Secretariat—allegedly under the authority of the Empress—according to which Chinese troops are deemed justified in their actions, while the foreign powers are regarded as [UNCERTAIN: ?] {{PAGE:5}} --- TRANSLATION --- PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON Canton, ___ of 1900 …in a humble posture, imploring peace. Nevertheless, my opinion remains today as it has long been expressed in my dispatches: the measures taken represent a crisis culminating in late June; Canton, for the present, will not be attacked; however, it is likely that disturbances will intensify, and eventually—within a longer or shorter timeframe—public order will be disrupted. Two High Officials, etc. God preserve Your Excellency. Your Excellency, Don E. Ellinista & Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
fulltext_transcription {{PAGE:1}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO N.º 17. A 181 Cantão 26 de setembro de 1900. [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] S. Exa. Sr. Tenho a honra de apresentar à V.S.ª, transcritas, as informações prestadas por este consulado ao governo de Macau, a respeito da crise na China: Offício n.º 97. De 20 setembro. Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que houve hoje alguns disturbios na aldeia de Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, e Tong Lee, a quatro horas T.W., de distância de Cantão, tendo sido destes das três minutos, e fugidos para qui muitos indígenas convertidos, que chegaram a Cantão a noite passada. Faltam mais provenientes, mas sou ta que a ordem já está restabelecida. Offício n.º 98. De 23 setembro: Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que me consta que houve hontem alguns disturbios em Ping-bo, uma aldeia a jusante, e muito próximo da cidade de Cantão, e que foi para lá {{PAGE:2}} o magistrado de Pau-yi (um dos Distritos desta cidade), com uma força armada, a fim de restabelecer a ordem. Hoje, parece que houve também alguma facto-anormal na aldeia de Sim Tong em Wampo, a libra d'aqui, porque partiram para lá 4.000 soldados chineses, segundo me dizem. A canhoneira francesa "Eva Lanche", que foi autorizada para Kwan-chuk, onde houve 2500 turbios. Se que já informei a N.º G. ainda não voltou a Cantão, d'on se partira. A Senhora do "Bandeirão Negro", que se supõe terem ido juntar-se aos membros das sociedades secretas, e estes indícios de rebelião todos propiciou da capital provincial e em pontos diferentes, parecem-me um pouco sério. {{PAGE:3}} por serem semelhantes aos que se foram em Tientrin, auto, da concessão ver atacada, e se não forem prontamente sufocados pelo Vice Rei interior, e na sua emergia confio em pouco, e possível que ainda haja alteração da ordem pública em Cantão. Telegrama de 25 setembro, em resposta a outro pedindo notícias de Cantão: Aqui não ha movidade com ta que está pertalecida a ordem interior província. Telegrama de 26 setembro: Horizonte aldeia chinta 40 milhas. Leste Cantão incendiada. Offício nº 99, de 26 setembro: Tendo a honra de informar a N.º B. que me consta que a al- {{PAGE:4}} Seio. Se Christão, Sheak Loong, a 40 milhas a Leite. Se Cantão foi honteir saqueada e incendiada pelos indígenos pagãos; os christãs fugiram para aqui, onde, em nu- mero de 32 procuraram refúgio no hospital. Do Dr. Korn, supom- se que outros mais vindos ainda Lá a razão do telegramma que sub- mandou. Dirigi a N.º. Dizendo: "Hon'teir aldeia Christa 40 milhas Leite Cantão incendiada." Como se vê estão se realizan- do em diferentes pontos em torno de Cantão na acto, o saque e incendiarismo pre- visto pela meduluma energia do Vice-Rei interior, aprovada agora pela circulação clausu- lina do Secretar que se dizem da imperatriz, nos quais as tropas chinesas são considera- das merecedoras, e as potencias, [UNCERTAIN: ?] {{PAGE:5}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO Cantão de _______ de 190 . em attitue humiliante implorando a paz. No entanto a minha opinião é ainda hoje a que, de ha muito tenho apresentado nos meus officios. Esses passos são a crise dos fins de junho, Cantão por ora não será atacado; mas é provável que os disturbios aumentem, e o Sentido, num espaço de Tempo mais ou menos longo, a ordem pública seja em alterada. Dous Grãos, etc. Deus Grasbea V.E. Senhor Exmo. Sr. D. E. Ellinista & Secretario d'Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros. João Belvidoro Catarino Lopes Consular
fulltext_translation {{PAGE:1}} --- TRANSLATION --- PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON No. 17. Canton, 26 September 1900 Your Excellency, I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency, in transcription, the information provided by this Consulate to the Government of Macau regarding the crisis in China: Office Memorandum No. 97, dated 20 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that disturbances occurred today in the villages of Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, and Tong Lee—located approximately four hours’ travel to the west-northwest of Canton. The incidents lasted no more than three minutes. Many indigenous converts fled from these areas and arrived in Canton last night. Others are still expected; however, I am of the opinion that order has already been restored. Office Memorandum No. 98, dated 23 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency {{PAGE:2}} The magistrate of Pau-yi (one of the districts of this city) has deployed with an armed force in order to restore order. Today, it appears that some abnormal incident has also occurred in the village of Sim Tong in Wampo, several leagues from here, as 4,000 Chinese troops have reportedly been dispatched thither, according to information I have received. The French gunboat "Eva Lanche", which was authorised to proceed to Kwan-chuk—where there were said to be 2,500 insurgents—has not yet returned to Canton, from where it originally sailed. The so-called "Lady of the Black Flag", believed to have joined forces with members of secret societies, together with these various signs of rebellion emerging both in the provincial capital and in different locations, strike me as somewhat serious. {{PAGE:3}} --- TRANSLATION --- as these are similar to those which occurred in Tientsin, there is concern that the concession may come under attack; and unless prompt action is taken by the Viceroy of the interior—though I have little confidence in his vigour—it is possible that public order may yet be disturbed in Canton. Telegram dated 25 September, in reply to an earlier inquiry requesting news from Canton: There is no movement here, although internal order within the province remains precarious. Telegram dated 26 September: The village of Horizon, a Chinese settlement located 40 miles east of Canton, has been set on fire. Despatch No. 99, dated 26 September: Having the honour to inform Your Lordship {{PAGE:4}} --- TRANSLATED TEXT --- Sio. If Christian, Sheak Loong, 40 miles east. The village of Canton was reportedly looted and burned by pagan indigenous people; the Christians fled here, where 32 in number sought refuge in the hospital. From Dr. Korn, it is believed that further arrivals may yet come—this being the reason for the telegram he submitted. I dispatched a message to No. , stating: "Christian village Hon'teir, 40 miles east of Canton, burned down." As can be seen, acts of looting and arson are now taking place at various points around Canton, as anticipated by the resolute measures previously adopted by the Interior Viceroy, and now endorsed through the restrictive directives circulated by the Secretariat—allegedly under the authority of the Empress—according to which Chinese troops are deemed justified in their actions, while the foreign powers are regarded as [UNCERTAIN: ?] {{PAGE:5}} --- TRANSLATION --- PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON Canton, ___ of 1900 …in a humble posture, imploring peace. Nevertheless, my opinion remains today as it has long been expressed in my dispatches: the measures taken represent a crisis culminating in late June; Canton, for the present, will not be attacked; however, it is likely that disturbances will intensify, and eventually—within a longer or shorter timeframe—public order will be disrupted. Two High Officials, etc. God preserve Your Excellency. Your Excellency, Don E. Ellinista & Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
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spelling Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
This is a diplomatic despatch from the Portuguese Consulate in Canton, dated 26 September 1900, comprising a series of transcribed memoranda, telegrams, and reports sent to the Government of Macau concerning civil unrest in southern China during the late stages of the Boxer Rebellion. The document details disturbances in villages surrounding Canton, including Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, Tong Lee, Sim Tong in Wampo, and Horizon (Hon'teir), located approximately 40 miles east of the city. It records the flight of indigenous Christian converts into Canton, the deployment of local magistrates with armed forces, and the dispatch of 4,000 Chinese troops to affected areas. Mention is made of the French gunboat "Eva Lanche" en route to Kwan-chuk, where insurgents were reported, and of the alleged involvement of the 'Lady of the Black Flag' in collusion with secret societies. The consul expresses concern over escalating violence—including arson, looting, and anti-Christian attacks—and notes restrictive imperial directives reportedly sanctioned by the Empress, which appear to legitimise military actions against foreign interests. Despite temporary calm in Canton, the author anticipates further deterioration of public order, drawing parallels with events in Tientsin. The despatch reflects contemporary anxieties about regional stability, the role of Chinese authorities under the Interior Viceroy, and the vulnerability of foreign and Christian communities amid widespread rebellion. This primary source offers critical insights into localised responses to the Boxer Uprising in Guangdong province.
Documents
S16.E24.P12.-87279
Portugal. Arquivo Diplomático e Biblioteca do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros
Caixa 574
Setembro 1900
Anti-Christian violence
Arson and looting
Author anticipation
Black Flag collusion
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese troops deployment
Christian converts
Civil Unrest Southern China
Diplomatic Despatches
Empress sanction
Government of Macau correspondence
Gunboat Eva Lanche
Historical diplomatic reporting
Horizon Hon'teir
Imperial directives
Kuenchuli Village
Liyngpan
Local magistrates
Portuguese Consulate in Canton
Public order deterioration
Secret Societies
Sim Tong Wampo
Temporary calm
Tong Lee
Villages surrounding Canton
{{PAGE:1}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO N.º 17. A 181 Cantão 26 de setembro de 1900. [UNCLEAR: best interpretation] S. Exa. Sr. Tenho a honra de apresentar à V.S.ª, transcritas, as informações prestadas por este consulado ao governo de Macau, a respeito da crise na China: Offício n.º 97. De 20 setembro. Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que houve hoje alguns disturbios na aldeia de Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, e Tong Lee, a quatro horas T.W., de distância de Cantão, tendo sido destes das três minutos, e fugidos para qui muitos indígenas convertidos, que chegaram a Cantão a noite passada. Faltam mais provenientes, mas sou ta que a ordem já está restabelecida. Offício n.º 98. De 23 setembro: Tenho a honra de informar à V.S.ª: que me consta que houve hontem alguns disturbios em Ping-bo, uma aldeia a jusante, e muito próximo da cidade de Cantão, e que foi para lá {{PAGE:2}} o magistrado de Pau-yi (um dos Distritos desta cidade), com uma força armada, a fim de restabelecer a ordem. Hoje, parece que houve também alguma facto-anormal na aldeia de Sim Tong em Wampo, a libra d'aqui, porque partiram para lá 4.000 soldados chineses, segundo me dizem. A canhoneira francesa "Eva Lanche", que foi autorizada para Kwan-chuk, onde houve 2500 turbios. Se que já informei a N.º G. ainda não voltou a Cantão, d'on se partira. A Senhora do "Bandeirão Negro", que se supõe terem ido juntar-se aos membros das sociedades secretas, e estes indícios de rebelião todos propiciou da capital provincial e em pontos diferentes, parecem-me um pouco sério. {{PAGE:3}} por serem semelhantes aos que se foram em Tientrin, auto, da concessão ver atacada, e se não forem prontamente sufocados pelo Vice Rei interior, e na sua emergia confio em pouco, e possível que ainda haja alteração da ordem pública em Cantão. Telegrama de 25 setembro, em resposta a outro pedindo notícias de Cantão: Aqui não ha movidade com ta que está pertalecida a ordem interior província. Telegrama de 26 setembro: Horizonte aldeia chinta 40 milhas. Leste Cantão incendiada. Offício nº 99, de 26 setembro: Tendo a honra de informar a N.º B. que me consta que a al- {{PAGE:4}} Seio. Se Christão, Sheak Loong, a 40 milhas a Leite. Se Cantão foi honteir saqueada e incendiada pelos indígenos pagãos; os christãs fugiram para aqui, onde, em nu- mero de 32 procuraram refúgio no hospital. Do Dr. Korn, supom- se que outros mais vindos ainda Lá a razão do telegramma que sub- mandou. Dirigi a N.º. Dizendo: "Hon'teir aldeia Christa 40 milhas Leite Cantão incendiada." Como se vê estão se realizan- do em diferentes pontos em torno de Cantão na acto, o saque e incendiarismo pre- visto pela meduluma energia do Vice-Rei interior, aprovada agora pela circulação clausu- lina do Secretar que se dizem da imperatriz, nos quais as tropas chinesas são considera- das merecedoras, e as potencias, [UNCERTAIN: ?] {{PAGE:5}} CONSULADO DE PORTUGAL EM CANTÃO Cantão de _______ de 190 . em attitue humiliante implorando a paz. No entanto a minha opinião é ainda hoje a que, de ha muito tenho apresentado nos meus officios. Esses passos são a crise dos fins de junho, Cantão por ora não será atacado; mas é provável que os disturbios aumentem, e o Sentido, num espaço de Tempo mais ou menos longo, a ordem pública seja em alterada. Dous Grãos, etc. Deus Grasbea V.E. Senhor Exmo. Sr. D. E. Ellinista & Secretario d'Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros. João Belvidoro Catarino Lopes Consular {{PAGE:1}} --- TRANSLATION --- PORTUGUESE CONSULATE IN CANTON No. 17. Canton, 26 September 1900 Your Excellency, I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency, in transcription, the information provided by this Consulate to the Government of Macau regarding the crisis in China: Office Memorandum No. 97, dated 20 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that disturbances occurred today in the villages of Kuenchuli, Liyngpan, and Tong Lee—located approximately four hours’ travel to the west-northwest of Canton. The incidents lasted no more than three minutes. Many indigenous converts fled from these areas and arrived in Canton last night. Others are still expected; however, I am of the opinion that order has already been restored. Office Memorandum No. 98, dated 23 September: I have the honour to inform Your Excellency {{PAGE:2}} The magistrate of Pau-yi (one of the districts of this city) has deployed with an armed force in order to restore order. Today, it appears that some abnormal incident has also occurred in the village of Sim Tong in Wampo, several leagues from here, as 4,000 Chinese troops have reportedly been dispatched thither, according to information I have received. The French gunboat "Eva Lanche", which was authorised to proceed to Kwan-chuk—where there were said to be 2,500 insurgents—has not yet returned to Canton, from where it originally sailed. The so-called "Lady of the Black Flag", believed to have joined forces with members of secret societies, together with these various signs of re
spellingShingle Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
Anti-Christian violence
Arson and looting
Author anticipation
Black Flag collusion
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese troops deployment
Christian converts
Civil Unrest Southern China
Diplomatic Despatches
Empress sanction
Government of Macau correspondence
Gunboat Eva Lanche
Historical diplomatic reporting
Horizon Hon'teir
Imperial directives
Kuenchuli Village
Liyngpan
Local magistrates
Portuguese Consulate in Canton
Public order deterioration
Secret Societies
Sim Tong Wampo
Temporary calm
Tong Lee
Villages surrounding Canton
title Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_autocomplete Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_full Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_fullStr Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_full_unstemmed Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_short Crisis in China, Christian villages burnt
title_sort crisis in china, christian villages burnt
topic Anti-Christian violence
Arson and looting
Author anticipation
Black Flag collusion
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese troops deployment
Christian converts
Civil Unrest Southern China
Diplomatic Despatches
Empress sanction
Government of Macau correspondence
Gunboat Eva Lanche
Historical diplomatic reporting
Horizon Hon'teir
Imperial directives
Kuenchuli Village
Liyngpan
Local magistrates
Portuguese Consulate in Canton
Public order deterioration
Secret Societies
Sim Tong Wampo
Temporary calm
Tong Lee
Villages surrounding Canton
topic_autocomplete Anti-Christian violence
Arson and looting
Author anticipation
Black Flag collusion
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese troops deployment
Christian converts
Civil Unrest Southern China
Diplomatic Despatches
Empress sanction
Government of Macau correspondence
Gunboat Eva Lanche
Historical diplomatic reporting
Horizon Hon'teir
Imperial directives
Kuenchuli Village
Liyngpan
Local magistrates
Portuguese Consulate in Canton
Public order deterioration
Secret Societies
Sim Tong Wampo
Temporary calm
Tong Lee
Villages surrounding Canton
topic_facet Anti-Christian violence
Arson and looting
Author anticipation
Black Flag collusion
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese troops deployment
Christian converts
Civil Unrest Southern China
Diplomatic Despatches
Empress sanction
Government of Macau correspondence
Gunboat Eva Lanche
Historical diplomatic reporting
Horizon Hon'teir
Imperial directives
Kuenchuli Village
Liyngpan
Local magistrates
Portuguese Consulate in Canton
Public order deterioration
Secret Societies
Sim Tong Wampo
Temporary calm
Tong Lee
Villages surrounding Canton
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