SULTANS, RAJAS, SANGAJI AND KHIMALAHA : CULTURE AND POWER IN THE MALUKU ISLANDS ACCORDING TO THE EARLY PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SOURCES早期葡萄牙和西班牙原始資料有關馬魯古群島文化與權力的記載

This article examines how Portuguese and Spanish sources from the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries constructed narratives about the culture and exercise of power in the Maluku Islands, emphasizing the articulation between local political forms (sultans, kingdoms/rajas, communities, and stat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Review of Culture
Main Author: Manuel Lobato
Format: Articles
Published: Instituto Cultural de Macau 2013
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Online Access:https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/pdfViewerParts/40042/2881
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Summary:This article examines how Portuguese and Spanish sources from the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries constructed narratives about the culture and exercise of power in the Maluku Islands, emphasizing the articulation between local political forms (sultans, kingdoms/rajas, communities, and statuses such as sangaji and khimalaaha) and the categories of governance employed by the Iberian empires. The central argument maintains that the political-cultural “rupture” associated with the European arrival, although frequently cited, must also be read as a product of imperial disputes—particularly the “Moluccas Question”—and of the needs for documentary, diplomatic, and informational legitimation. Methodologically, the study proceeds through a comparative reading of historiographical production and primary narratives, contrasting chroniclers and travel accounts, with special attention to how the Spanish, supported by extensive administrative reports, produced multiple “accounts” of expeditions (including the Magalhães–Delcano route), while part of the Portuguese writing emerged from itinerant circuits and learned mediations. The conclusions show that the Iberians not only described Maluku but reshaped its hierarchies, converting local cultural systems into a political language suited to asserting sovereignty and strategic knowledge of the spice routes.
ISSN:1682-1106