Sino-Vietnamese Pirates and British InvadersMaritime Crises, Oceanic Governance and Sovereignty in Mid-Qing China

At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Qing state confronted its most serious maritime threat since the conquest of Taiwan in 1683. From the 1790s to 1802, huge Chinese pirate fleets allied with the newly unified Vietnamese state (Tayson regime, 1778-1802) and ravaged the coastal frontier of Sou...

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