Leanqua and Anqua —The Founding of the Canton System (1685–1720)
Leanqua and Anqua were prominent merchants in China who were unknowingly two of the founding fathers of what later became known as the Canton System 'yikou tongshang' (一口通商). The Qing government opened China to foreign trade in 1684, but it took several decades of experimenting with different polici...
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| Published in: | Review of Culture |
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| Format: | Articles |
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Instituto Cultural de Macau
2023
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| Online Access: | https://www.icm.gov.mo/rc/viewer/pdfViewerParts/40071/4203 |